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After the Mongol Empire successively pacified dozens of powerful countries in the east and west, such as Xixia, Western Regions, Eastern Europe, West Asia, Jin Kingdom, Goryeo, Dali, Jinjia, Tubo, and the Southern Song Dynasty, it was originally responsible for many of the Monan Han areas. Kublai Khan, the founder of the affairs, ascended the throne in Kaiping in 1260 and became the new Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire. In the same year, King Yuanzong of Goryeo paid homage to Kublai Khan, and Goryeo became the eastern vassal territory of the Mongol Empire. In 1264, the founder Kublai Khan moved to Yanjing. He chose the meaning of "Great Qianyuan" in the Yi Jing, the first of the five classics in the world, and proclaimed himself emperor and established the Yuan Dynasty. He designated the capital as Dadu City and ordered the King of Korea to send envoys to go there. Japan hopes to have good relations with Japan and make Japan surrender according to the laws of Goryeo.
According to true records in the history of the Yuan Dynasty, Japan is located in the east of the East China Sea. In ancient times, it was called the Wonu Kingdom. Perhaps because of its old name, the name was changed to Japan. The people of the country thought that the country was close to the sunrise. Hence its name. Japan's territory is far away from China, and separated by a vast sea. Since the Han Dynasty, all dynasties in the Wei, Jin, Song, and Sui dynasties came to the Central Plains to pay tribute to the Celestial Empire. From the Tang Dynasty to Yonghui, Xianqing, Chang'an, Kaiyuan, Tianbao, Shangyuan, Zhenyuan, Yuanhe and Kaicheng, Japan directly sent envoys to study in the dynasty, which was called "envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty". In the first year of Yongxi's reign in the Song Dynasty, the Japanese monk Wei Ran and six of his disciples crossed the sea and presented Japan's national certificate as tribute to the Celestial Empire, as well as more than ten bronze vessels. Monk Wei Ran was good at writing official script, but he did not know the Chinese language. When emperors and ministers asked him about the customs and customs of the Japanese archipelago, he responded in writing. According to him, there were seventy volumes of the Five Classics and Buddhist scriptures in Japan, as well as "The Collection of Bai Juyi". After Weiran returned to Japan, the person who came to visit China again was named Teng Muji, and the person who came to China as a monk was named Monk Jizhao. Jizhao knew Chinese characters and his calligraphy was very good. After Xining in the Song Dynasty, Japan continued to pay tribute, and all its envoys were monks.
In the first year of the Jungtong reign of King Sejo, he conferred the title of King of Korea on the crown prince of Korea, and sent him back to Korea. The ministers of Korea and others said that Korea and Japan were connected and all envoys could pass through Japan. At this time, the ruler of Japan was Emperor Kameyama, with the reign title Bunying period. In the autumn and August of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, appointed envoys to Japan. The Minister of War, Black, wore a tiger talisman, and he served as the messenger of the Yuan Empire. The minister of rites, Yin Hong, wore a golden talisman, and he served as the deputy envoy of the Yuan Empire. The King's Letter: "Now Zhao Yi, a native of your country, has come to report that Japan is a close neighbor of your country, and those with sufficiently honorable laws and regulations have come down from the Han and Tang Dynasties, and may also be envoys to China. Therefore, I am sending black people to Japan in the hope of peace. It is your responsibility to lead the envoys to the east to enlighten the people. It is your responsibility to do this. Don't use the excuse that the wind and waves are dangerous, and don't think that it is not possible to get through. I have been ordered to send him there if there is any obstruction, so I entrust you with your loyalty." Wang Chen of Goryeo sent his deputy envoy to the Privy Council, Song Junfei, and Minister of Rites, Jin Zan, to serve as Hei's and other guides.
In the second year of the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Heide, Yin Hong and others went to Japan as envoys holding the credentials of the emperor Kublai Khan's Yuan Empire. The main idea of ??the letter of credence is: The Emperor of the Great Mongol Kingdom writes to the King of Japan: I have been the king of a small country since ancient times. The borders are close to each other, and I am committed to keeping faith and building peace. Moreover, my ancestors, who were ordered by the heavens to live in the Xia Dynasty, were far away in foreign lands, and there were not all of them who feared power and cherished virtue. When I first came to the throne, because the innocent people of Goryeo had been exhausted for a long time, I immediately ordered to stop the troops and return them to their territory, and rebelled against them. The monarchs and ministers of Goryeo expressed gratitude to Dai for coming to court. They were as righteous as monarchs and ministers, but as happy as father and son. The rulers and ministers of King Ji also know this. Goryeo is my eastern domain. Japan is close to Goryeo, and since the founding of the country, it has also been connected to China from time to time. As for me, there is no envoy who can make peace with it. I am still afraid that the kingdom will know that it has not been tried, so I sent a special envoy to hold a letter and announce my will. I hope that from now on, we will establish a good relationship and live in harmony with each other. Moreover, the sage regards the four seas as his home. If he does not communicate well with each other, it is not the principle of one family. As for the use of troops, whichever one likes is the king's plan.
The envoys of the Yuan Empire, Heidi and Yin Hong, went to Japan with their credentials, but were refused entry by Japan. The envoys handed over their credentials and returned home. After receiving the letter of credence, the Japanese court prayed for God's blessing, but at the same time refused to accept it as "the letter's words are unreasonable." General Hojo Tokimune, the actual supporter of power in the shogunate, ordered the Dazaifu tribes to strengthen preparations for war and strengthened the security forces in key places along the coast of Kyushu. Later, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, sent envoys twice, but they were refused by the Japanese court. In 1274, the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was furious and launched a war to conquer Japan.
In the first month of the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Emperor Kameyama, the lord of Japan, gave way to his crown prince, who was named Emperor Junyuta, and the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was changed.
In March of the same year, Kublai Khan ordered Fengzhou economic envoy Xindu, Goryeo military and civilian general Hongchaqiu and other generals to garrison the Goryeo army and the Jurchen army and the Han army's naval force with 15,000 men and warships. Nine hundred ships will attack Japan at the same time in July, and orders were given for Koryo to send troops to assist in the battle.
In August of 1274, the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty, Marshal Hudun of Pingfan, Deputy Marshal of the Right Hong Chaqiu (son of Hong Fuyuan), Deputy Marshal of the Left Liu Fuheng and other generals arrived in the southern part of Koryo. In the country, the generals headed by the Governor-General Jin Fangqing led the Goryeo Tri-wing Army, and more than 8,000 people were recruited to assist the Yuan army. Hu Dun and other generals led the Mongolian, Han, Jurchen, and various armies of 20,000 people and the Goryeo navy. Six thousand men, six thousand sailors. A total of more than 40,000 people attacked Tsushima Island from Hepu Port, and the war against Japan began first. Japanese general Yunzong helped the country lead eight thousand Japanese cavalry to resist, and at the same time sent translators to the ship to ask what happened. Hu Dun and others did not answer, but directly led their troops to attack and land, and the two sides started fighting directly. After a fierce fight, Yunzong died while helping the country.
Kudon and other generals turned to attack Iki Island. After successfully landing, they set up red flags on Japanese soil several times. The Japanese general Heijing Gao was defeated and fled, and Yingcheng defended itself. The next day, the city was captured and Ping Jing Gao died in battle. Kudun and other generals defeated the three Japanese islands in a few days. After the army landed, due to the determined resistance of the Japanese, the army carried out massacres. The captured women who passed through the massacre had ropes pierced through their palms and tied to the side of the ship. No one else was there. survived. A few days later, the Yuan army approached the Hizen coastal islands, and all Japanese samurai who dared to resist were killed. The warships of the 19th Japanese Yen Army sailed into Hakata Bay and began landing operations the next day. Japanese guard general Fujiwara Keizi commanded the Japanese resistance. However, under the power of the Yuan army's infantry concentration tactics and the power of gunpowder weapons, these island soldiers had never seen such tactics. The Japanese defenders were completely defeated.
This Yuan Dynasty army, which was commissioned by Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, to conquer Japan for the first time, was a joint force composed of the armies of the Mongolian, Han, and Korean tribes. The Yuan army was far superior to the Japanese army not only in terms of combat effectiveness, but also in terms of strategy and tactics. According to records in Japanese history books: The offensive method of the Yuan army was to beat drums and gongs, and the sound of killing was loud. After hearing this, the horses of the Japanese army were frightened and jumped on the spot. When the Japanese samurai turned his horse's head and prepared to charge towards the Yuan army, he was shot in the body by the Yuan army. Mongolian bows and arrows are short, but the roots of the bows and arrows are coated with venom. If they hit the body, they will be poisoned. Hundreds of Yuan soldiers shot arrows like rain, and the long-handled spears were very sharp and could easily penetrate into the gaps in the armor.
Moreover, when the Yuan army formed a line, if an enemy approached, the middle line would immediately separate, and the two ends would encircle them, giving them a total annihilation battle. The Yuan army has light armor and is very good at riding horses. The soldiers are generally very strong, skilled in physical skills and never hesitate to take their own lives. They are all brave and brave, and they are good at advancing and retreating. Everyone knows the art of war. The generals of the Yuan army commanded the whole army from high places, beating drums when advancing and retreating, and the whole army moved according to the orders of the drums. When the Yuan army retreated, iron cannons were placed in the formation, and the cannons were loaded with iron bullets. As flames spurted out across the board, fire was raging on all sides and smoke filled the air. The sound of artillery was shrill, heart-breaking, deafening, unable to distinguish, and many Japanese soldiers were killed. The two sides fought fiercely until dusk, and the Japanese troops were defeated and retreated to the front line defense of Dazaifu Water City.
At this time, the Japanese people were greatly shaken, and the government and the public immediately recruited more than 102,000 troops from all vassals across the country to go to the rescue. Marshal Kudun led the troops and other troops to fight against the Japanese army in Hakata. The generals used high-pitched drums to direct the soldiers, advancing and retreating in response to the sound of the drums. The Japanese samurai ronin formed a death squad, and a large number of trapped people rushed forward desperately. They were all surrounded by the Yuan army and annihilated. They also fired a barrage of iron cannons, annihilating countless Japanese soldiers and horses. The Japanese army failed and fled. Kudun took the opportunity to march into Jinjin. His subordinates fought bloody battles with Japanese general Yasunari Kikuchi and others at Akasaka Castle, and fought with Shao Er Shen Hui at Momochihara, both of which defeated the Japanese army. The Japanese army found that Huizi Jingzi was very good at riding and shooting, and shot down the Han general Liu Fuheng from his horse with one arrow. Kudun and others lined up in the pine forest, but the Japanese army led by Ban Osaka Yasuo came to resist, but they were defeated and fled. At dusk, strong winds stirred up heavy rain, and the generals boarded boats one after another to avoid it.
There has always been discord between the Goryeo generals, which caused great problems in the logistics supply of the Yuan army. Therefore, Goryeo general Jin Yanqing said to Hudun and Hong Chaqiu: "Although our soldiers are small, we have When entering the enemy's territory, people fight for themselves, that is, Meng Ming burned the boat and Huaiyin carried the water. Please resume the decisive battle. "Marshal Hu Dun said: "The small enemy is strong and the big enemy is captured. It is not perfect to send exhausted troops into the enemy's territory. The plan is not as good as the class teacher." Liu Fuheng was seriously injured and led his troops back home that night. In the middle of the night, strong winds and rain broke out, and the warships of the Yuan Dynasty officers and soldiers were destroyed in the rocky areas. Hu Dun saw that he could not do anything, so he ordered the generals to retreat at night.
In February of 1275, the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, sent his envoys Du Shizhong, the Minister of Rites, He Wenzhu, the doctor of the Ministry of War, and Saduludin, the planning officer, with the credentials of the Yuan Dynasty. Thinking better than Japan, Goryeo Guolang sent 30 people including Xu Zan and the messenger Shang Zuo to lead the way. In April of the same year, Du Shizhong and others arrived at Nagato Murojin, and then moved to Chikuzen Dazaifu. In August, Dazaifu sent special personnel to escort Shitada and others to Kamakura. In September, the Japanese shogunate Hojo Tokimune ordered the execution of Du Shizhong, He Wenzhu, Saduludin, the petitioner Dong Wei, and the Korean Xu Zan in Longkou, Japan. This led to the second invasion of the Japanese islands by Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
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