Population density: 347 people/km2.
Hejiang is located in the southern margin of Sichuan Basin, at the junction of Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou, and at the intersection of the Yangtze River and Chishui River, which is the first mouth of the Yangtze River out of Sichuan. The land is 3 13km away from Chengdu, 50km away from Luzhou and 50km away from Chongqing 150km, all of which are cement highways above Grade II. The soon-to-be-opened Yi-Lu-Yu Expressway will cross the Yangtze River in Hejiang. After completion, the distance to downtown Chongqing (Outer Ring Expressway) will be shortened to 57km, and it will take 1 hour to reach the main urban area of Chongqing.
Hejiang County was founded in the second year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 15), 2 123 years ago. It is one of the first three counties in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and it is also called Shao Min, Fuyang and Li Xiang. It covers an area of 2,422 square kilometers, governs 27 townships, 284 administrative villages and 37 communities, with a total population of 876,000 and cultivated land area of 568,000 mu. The county's population is over 6,543.8+0.2 million, and the county area is 6 square kilometers.
Hejiang county belongs to subtropical humid climate zone, with abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, distinct seasons and rich products. Litchi, olive and grapefruit are also called the three wonders of Hejiang, and the output of late-maturing litchi and olive accounts for more than 90% in Sichuan. In 2007, it was awarded the title of "Hometown of Litchi in China" and the title of "Top 100 Counties of National Pig Transfer" by the Ministry of Agriculture. The county is rich in tourism resources, rich in Han culture and Yelang ancient road culture, and the unearthed sarcophagus of the Han Dynasty accounts for a quarter of the total unearthed in China. There are national forest parks, national AAA scenic spots-Fobao Forest Park, Yaoba Ancient Town, a famous historical and cultural town in China, and Fobao Ancient Town, one of the top ten ancient towns in Sichuan; The county's forest coverage rate is 46.5%, with 600,000 mu of virgin forest, which is the best-preserved subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt in the same latitude and low altitude area of the earth.
Vocational education in Hejiang County is relatively developed. Hejiang Shao Min Vocational School is known as "a banner for the development of secondary vocational education in China". The school covers an area of more than 2,000 mu, with 9 campuses and 36,000 students.
Hejiang county is rich in port line resources. The Yangtze River flows through the county seat for 55 kilometers, and Chishui River flows through the county seat for 60 kilometers. The Yangtze River waterway in China can be navigable for ships of 1000 tons throughout the year, and ships of 2000-3000 tons can be navigable in the middle period. The port area uses 38 sections of coastline, with a designed throughput of over 6.4 million tons. Hejiang Lingang Industrial Park is a provincial-level industrial park in Sichuan Province, an important chemical industrial park group in the western chemical city, a demonstration zone of Luzhou Lingang in Sichuan-Chongqing economic cooperation, an undertaking place for industrial transfer in Chongqing, and an important port for goods to go to sea in northern Guizhou.
In 2007, the county's GDP was 5.58 billion yuan, the total fiscal revenue was 426 million yuan, the per capita net income of farmers was 40,065,438 yuan+the disposable income of 0 yuan and urban households was 9,264 yuan, and the per capita GDP was 7,765,438 yuan +0 yuan. The natural population growth rate is 4.24‰, the registered urban unemployment rate is 3.42%, and the urbanization rate of the county is 33%.
physical geography
Hejiang County belongs to Luzhou City and is located in the triangle where Chishui River meets Yangtze River. Geographical coordinates are105 32' east to106 28' north to 29 01'north. It borders Jiangjin in Chongqing in the northeast, Chishui City and Xishui County in Guizhou in the south, Longmatan and Naxi District in Luzhou City in the west and xuyong county in the southwest corner.
Hejiang County is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which belongs to the edge of Sichuan Basin, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. The mountain range in the county is a branch of the Loushanguan Mountain Range, extending from the north of Guizhou to the south of the county, with an altitude of about 1 000m. The highest peak is Jiaozi Mountain in Fu Bao Town, with an altitude of 1 751m. The southeast and southwest are low mountains, and the middle and northwest are flat dams and hilly areas, which is the land of plenty.
Land resources: The land resources covers an area of 2,422 square kilometers, equivalent to 242,200 hectares, including 643 15.43 hectares of cultivated land, 956 1.37 hectares of garden land and 0/102165438 hectares of water. Pay attention to the comprehensive development and utilization of land resources, and the output of major agricultural products has doubled. Urban and economic benefits are constantly improving.
Abundant water resources: the average annual rainfall is about 1.340mm, and the county's hydropower resources are 70,780kW, which can be exploited by 351.80kw.. The total value of water conservancy construction and development for soil and water conservation, flood control and disaster reduction is149.848 million yuan.
The development of history
In the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (before 1 15), a county was established, and today Hejiang County is Nanguan, which belongs to Yizhou County. The construction history is 2 1 16, named after Guanfu (the key pass of Bashu entering Guizhou, now the south gate of Hejiang City).
In the fifth year of Emperor Wendi in the Southern Dynasty (564), he abandoned Anlewu, established Hejiang County, and ruled Hejiang Town today, belonging to Jiangyang County. "Yongle Dadian Luzhou Zhi": "Hejiang County has a river (Yangtze River) in front and an Anlexi River (Chishui River) in the right (southwest), which are combined, hence its name."
Hejiang County was established in Fuxian County in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 15), and was later placed in Qianwei County, where the public security music club is located, which is now the Nanguan section of Hejiang Town.
Yuanfeng five years (formerly 106) belonged to Qianwei County, Yizhou Department.
In the new dynasty (9 ~ 24 years), Wang Mang changed Fu County to Fu Xin County, which belonged to Yongbushun County.
During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 ~ 56), Liu Xiu changed Fuxin County to Jeff County, which belonged to Yizhou County. In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Jeff belonged to Jiangyang County, Yizhou.
During the Qin Dynasty (265 ~ 274), during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, the name of Fu County was restored.
In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Fuxian County was renamed Anle County, and it was assigned to Dongjiangyang County in Yili Prefecture.
In the Southern Song Dynasty (420 ~ 479), Anle County was abandoned, and in the Southern Qi Dynasty (480 ~ 502), Anle Xu was established.
In the fourth year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (564), Anle Xufei moved to Hejiang County, belonging to Jiangyang County of Luzhou.
In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (583), he abandoned the county and Hejiang was subordinate to Luzhou. In the early Tang Dynasty, the county magistrate moved to Baisha Town.
In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the whole country was divided into ten roads, Hejiang belonged to Luzhou and Jiannan Road.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), Hejiang belonged to Luzhou County.
In the twelfth year of Yuanhe (8 17), the county magistrate moved back to the former site, and now it is in the Nanguan section of Hejiang Town.
In the third year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (965), Xichuan Road was set up in the east and west of Jiannan Road, and Hejiang was placed under Xichuan Road in Luzhou.
In the third year of Ding Jing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1262), Luzhou was changed to Jiang 'an House, and Hejiang was subordinate to Jiang 'an House in Tongzhou House Road.
In the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (1278), Hejiang belonged to Shaanxi, Sichuan and other provinces, and the county moved to Ji Min (now Huangshiba, Jiangcun Village, Sanqiaotou).
In the Ming Dynasty, Yu Zhen occupied Sichuan, and Hejiang was subordinate to the military and civilian government of Luzhou in Daxia.
In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (137 1), Hejiang belonged to Luzhou, a China book province in Zhili and Sichuan.
In June of the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Hejiang was under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Chengxuan Bureau, and the county government of Hongwuchu moved to the old city.
In the first year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1622), Hejiang belonged to Zhili Prefecture, Luzhou, Sichuan.
In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), Hejiang was located in Yongning Road, south Sichuan, Zhili Prefecture.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), Yongning Road in southern Sichuan was changed to Xia Chuan South Road, and Hejiang was transferred to Luzhou Zhili State in Xia Chuan South Road in Sichuan.
In September of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Daodao was abolished and Hejiang was subordinate to Luzhou, Sichuan.
In February of the Republic of China, the Taoist system was restored. In March, the government office was changed to a county, and Hejiang was attached to Xia Chuan South Road in Sichuan.
In June 3, Xia Chuan South Road was renamed Yongning Road.
18 years, 10 years, the road was revoked and Hejiang was returned to Sichuan Province.
In June 2004, Sichuan Province was divided into 18 administrative supervision area, and Hejiang was under the seventh administrative supervision area of Sichuan Province.
1950 65438+ 10, Hejiang was placed under the jurisdiction of Lu Xian District of South Sichuan People's Administration Office in Southwest China.
1952 1 month, Hejiang belongs to Longchang District of South Sichuan Administration Office.
1953 65438+1October 12. Hejiang belongs to Luzhou, Sichuan Province.
1July, 960, Hejiang belongs to Yibin District, Sichuan Province.
1September, 968, Hejiang belongs to Yibin, Sichuan.
1June, 983, Luzhou City was established, under the provincial jurisdiction, and Hejiang is still under the jurisdiction of Luzhou City.
Local customs and practices
Tomb-Sweeping Day is a time when people worship ancestors and sweep graves. Before and ten days after the festival, many people living in Ludi went out with hoes, dustpans, paper money, wrapping paper, guns and wine to the cemetery, shoveling weeds on and around the grave, adding new soil, floating on the grave, lighting candles, burning incense, burning paper and worshiping. This is the so-called "going to the grave". People who go to the new grave are particularly sad; Sweep graves and have a picnic in spring. During the Republic of China. The clan with the most surnames chooses auspicious days, and the clan goes to the ancestral temple to worship. Bihe people have a dinner party called "Tomb-Sweeping Day". Renowned members of the clan also used Tomb-Sweeping Day to punish the younger generation of the clan for being unfilial to their parents, abusing their children, committing adultery and stealing, and admonished their descendants. The school also has three to five days' holiday, so that students can go home to sweep graves, or organize people with short legs to go hiking, which is the so-called "department store". After liberation, the ancestral temple was relieved, and the superstitious color faded after a sweep. Only the grass was eradicated and new soil was cultivated, and the graves floated, and they were mostly confined to mountainous areas and rural areas. Teachers and students of institutions and schools often go to the tomb of the martyrs, offer wreaths, plant trees and flowers, tell revolutionary stories, and hold swearing-in ceremonies for joining the League and the Young Pioneers. After 1979, the old customs gradually faded into the Soviet Union, and the old folk graves and Tomb-Sweeping Day revived.
administrative division
Hejiang county is located in the southern margin of Sichuan basin, where the Yangtze River and Chishui River meet. Its geographical coordinates are 105 32 '- 106 28' east longitude and 28 27 '-29 0 1' north latitude. It borders Jiangjin City in Chongqing in the northeast, Chishui City and Xishui County in Guizhou in the south, Longmatan District and Naxi District in the west and xuyong county in the southwest corner.
Hejiang county
5 10522
646200
County People's Government in Hejiang Town
In 2004, Hejiang County administered 17 towns (Hejiang Town, Fu Bao, Shixian, Baisha, Rongshan, Bailu, Ganyu, Xiantan, Huaihuai, Jiuzhi, Feng Ming, Wang Long, Fo Yin, Yaoba, Wu Tong, Da Qiao, Cheluan) and 9 townships (Shilong,
History and culture
Hejiang, formerly known as Fuyang County, has a history of 2 1 13 years since Ding Yuan, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, founded the county two years ago. In the long years, our ancestors worked hard on this land, created brilliant achievements, left us rich cultural relics and created many scenic spots for us, which is valuable cultural wealth.
First, the ancient Hejiang culture has a gorgeous rural color.
Rivers and rivers are rich in natural resources and splendid in ancient culture, and countless historical relics are scattered throughout the county. The Ming Dynasty city wall in the urban area remains nearly 2000 meters, and the walls of Zhangjiagou, Hejie and Shuidong Street remain the same. The White Pagoda of Qing Dynasty, which faces the county across the river, rises from the bamboo forest and points to the blue sky, which is the symbol of Hejiang ancient county. The ruins of Hejiang County in the Tang Dynasty in Baisha Town, Anxi County in the Song Dynasty in Jiuzhi Town, Rongshan City in Yourong Township, Anle Mountain City in Hejiang Town, Yuntai Temple in the suburb where Serina Liu became a monk in Sui Dynasty, Fawang Temple, an ancient temple in southern Sichuan built in the western part of the county, Liubeichi stone carving in the Ming Dynasty in the south of the city, Xia Dong stone carving on cliffs in the Qing Dynasty, and Qing blocks and ancient houses in the city all add ancient meaning to Hejiang. Shenbi City in the Southern Song Dynasty is located 30 kilometers northwest of the county seat. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was fierce fighting for 34 years, and five owners changed hands. Write a tragic page in the history of song and yuan war. Up to now, there are still more than 600 meters of city walls, ear cities, word cities, forts and city gates, which have become important historical materials for studying song and yuan war. Suokou Township, southwest of the county seat, is a treasure house of inscriptions in Qing Dynasty. There are countless monuments that show prohibitions, bridges, roads and water conservancy, among which "Taiping Army never carved cliffs before crossing the county" is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. Black Rock Temple on Wufeng Mountain in Hu Aixiang, south of the county, is a concentrated display of stone carving, wood carving and mural art in Ming Dynasty. Its exquisite craftsmanship is rare and can be called the treasure of southern Sichuan.
Second, the tomb of Hejiang Cliff that can be seen by the eyes.
Hejiang, located at the intersection of Chishui River and Yangtze River, is located at the junction of Sichuan Basin and Guizhou Plateau. There are many rivers, convenient irrigation, fertile land, mild climate, abundant rainfall and sunshine. According to some documents and unearthed cultural relics, rice was widely planted in Han Dynasty, which was one of the cradles of ancient agricultural civilization. It has always been a transportation hub leading to northern Guizhou and a distribution center for salt, iron and bamboo materials. Here, the Han Dynasty was a place where ethnic minorities lived in compact communities. Due to the special geographical location, developed agriculture and convenient transportation, the ideology and culture of the Central Plains in the Han Dynasty will inevitably affect this area, among which the family concept of "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, faithfulness and chastity" is particularly prominent, and filial piety before death and reburial after death are inevitable. In order to meet this demand, cliff tombs that need to spend money naturally came into being. In addition, there is another idea, that is fairy magic. Zhang Daoling established Wudou Mi Dao in Sichuan, and Taoism spread. Immortal magic not only values the world. We also attach importance to the underworld, seeking immortal medicine to cultivate immortality, or prolonging life before death or becoming immortal after death. The gods they worship are the Queen Mother of the West, Dong, Fuxi and Nu Wa, and all the immortals live in stone chambers on the mountain. Therefore, it has become a social atmosphere to cut mountains for the room to welcome immortals. It is a reflection of this idea that the cliff tomb is cut into a room.
Hejiang county has thousands of cliff tombs. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, Chishui River, Gao Donghe and the secondary terraces or Gaolangya on both sides of large and small rivers. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it has a wide view. Its layout includes three types: honeycomb arrangement, river arrangement along hillside and single tomb. Its shape is a tomb with a horizontal hole, a pyramid, a tomb door and a tomb. The tomb is 2-4m wide, 3-5m deep and 1.5-2m high. The tomb has a flat bottom and a dome. There are single-chamber and double-chamber tombs, mostly small tombs.
Hejiang Cliff Tomb has been found in 29 towns and villages in the county, with more than 0 tombs 10: Chaqiting Cliff Tomb in Hejiang Town, Bajiaowan Cliff Tomb in Mixi Township, Leipishi, Laowuji, Qikongshi, Fuyang Cliff Tomb in Rongshan Town, Yutang Cliff Tomb in Yurong Township, Nianzi Cliff Tomb in Mibai Township and Fozi Cliff Tomb in Hutou Township. The most spectacular is the cliff tombs in Gaocun, Fu Bao Town, which runs north and south, and the tombs are staggered like a beehive. Among its 52 tombs, single rooms, double rooms and multiple rooms are absorbed. The outer wall of Tomb No.9 is also engraved with rock paintings such as gate que, fish finch, cattle ploughing and hunting, which are very precious.
Third, the unique Hejiang Han coffin.
Sichuan Han Dynasty sarcophagus is famous at home and abroad. Hejiang is one of the concentrated places of sarcophagus in Han Dynasty in Sichuan. Up to now, as many as 2 1 have been unearthed, ranking first in Sichuan and highest in China. Hejiang sarcophagus in Han Dynasty mainly distributed in cliff tombs in Hejiang Town, Shilu Township, Mibai Township, Rongyouzhang Township and Mixi Township. They were carved from the local blue Grand White Rock and then transported to the grave. The sarcophagus is a long box, which consists of a coffin cover and a coffin body. Generally, it is 220 to 250 cm long, 70 to 90 cm high and 60 to 80 cm wide. The images depicted on the sarcophagus of the Han Dynasty in Hejiang are rich in content, including real people and immortals.
In the realistic theme, more is the extravagant life of feudal manor. On the sarcophagus No.4 and No.5 unearthed in Zhangjiagou, we saw the image and life of the manor and its owner about 2000 years ago. Here, many buildings, rituals and regulations of the Han Dynasty that have disappeared reappear.
The carved car in Ma Bin in Han Dynasty was loved by the whole upper class, showing its prestige and wealth. Therefore, the trip of horses and chariots is the most popular theme in the sarcophagus portrait here, but the value is different, and the ritual of horses and chariots is also different. Cars, caravans, caravans, etc. It is guided by warriors in front and behind with many weapons such as the sun, Qi Ji, long sword and shield. The scene is magnificent.
Dance, music and opera are indispensable entertainment games in Guizhou in Han Dynasty. Therefore, there are many discoveries in the sarcophagus portrait here. On the one hand, Guizhou giants welcome guests, or drink heartily, or husband and wife hold hands, on the other hand, waiters or songs, or dances, or acrobatics, and scenes of Zhao dancing, bells and bells eating and drinking, impressively on the stone, in sharp contrast, slaves and attendants, some holding mechanical guards, some holding food into the nest; Some bow their heads and shake their fans, dancing and sweating, and the relationship between master and servant is very clear. Here, people can not only enjoy the lost forms of artistic performances, but also see those uncommon ancient musical instruments such as chimes, harps, drums, harps and sheng.
Among the themes that show the social life of the Han Dynasty, the most valuable one is the elephant picture on the No.2 sarcophagus of Quanjiang. The image of Sichuan is contained in Huayang Guozhi Shuzhi. However, due to the few unearthed cultural relics, there has always been a saying that there is no elephant in Shu. In recent years, a number of ivory have been unearthed at Sanxingdui site in Korean, elephant fossils have been unearthed in Gu Lin, and the coffin of Hejiang in the Han Dynasty has been engraved with elephant play pictures, which proves that there were elephants in ancient Shu.
The inscription sarcophagus is a national treasure. On the photo of Hejiang No.3 sarcophagus, the vertical official script "Li in the sea" is engraved with nine Chinese characters. The inscription "Ten Thousand Years of Stone Gate of Li Wengjun" is engraved on the tombstone of No.20 sarcophagus, which provides important information for studying the calligraphy art of official script in Han Dynasty.
Houses and buildings in the Han Dynasty are often shown on the sarcophagus of Hejiang portraits. Manor, pavilions, pavilions, gates, gatehouses, etc. , has the general style of ancient architecture in China. In particular, there are more than a dozen door que maps, single que and double que, with complete types and different shapes.
Among the sarcophagus of Hejiang in Han Dynasty, the most romantic thing is the fairy world imagined by people, which is the true reflection of people's idea of ascending immortals in Han Dynasty. Most fairy tales are based on Chuci and Shan Hai Jing. The common ones are Tianmen (Que), Fuxi, Nuwa, Xiwangmu, Sanzuwu, Jiuwei Fox, Yutu, Lingchan, Tianlu, Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu.
People in the Han Dynasty liked mural carving, and folk craftsmen had superb skills. Hejiang No.4 sarcophagus is engraved with a clever picture of fish and birds. The fish is a three-tailed fish (that is, the fish head has three tails). Craftsmen use modeling techniques, in which shapes are partially overlapped and borrowed from each other to create a unique new mechanism. The picture is vivid and can be compared with the "three rabbit ears" in Dunhuang algae wells.
The outstanding artistic features of the sarcophagus in Hejiang Han Dynasty are the product of the combination of painting and sculpture. In terms of carving techniques, there are mainly two kinds of negative line carving and bas-relief. It is characterized by using line modeling to turn three-dimensional object images into flying lines, storing gas first and receiving gas pulses. In composition and layout, the priority is clear, the theme is prominent, there are many whites, and the lighting is like Chinese painting, which gives people a feeling of enthusiasm and unrestrained.
Four, beautifully shaped Hejiang pottery figurines
There are many pottery figurines in the funerary objects of cliff tombs in Han Dynasty. There are more than 0/00 pieces of/kloc-unearthed from Hejiang, which are exquisite in shape and valuable, mainly including various missionary figurines, literati figurines, warrior figurines, dance figurines, livestock figurines and various pottery.
Among these terracotta figures, the most precious is the secret warrior, which was unearthed at the site of a forging factory. It is a national treasure. Its shape is: women on the right and men on the left, sitting side by side. The male figurine has a high crown and long sleeves, his head smiles to the right, and his right hand touches the right cheek of the female figurine. Dressed in a long skirt with wide sleeves, the female figurines wore a bun at the back of their heads, with their right hands bent over their chests, their left hands hanging on their knees, their heads resting on the right side, and they smiled and kissed the male figurines. On the one hand, mysterious figures reflect the relatively open society in Han Dynasty, on the other hand, they also reflect the Taoist temple art in Han Dynasty. Because, in the eyes of Han people, the art of sexual intercourse may become immortal, get rid of illness and prolong life, and maintain the harmonious relationship between husband and wife, so the theme of sexual behavior and reproduction is expressed by artistic means. In addition, a batch of dance drums unearthed in Shao Min Road Development Zone are also very valuable. Its dancing figurines, fiddling figurines, drum figurines, flute playing figurines, listening figurines and so on. There are various forms and vivid shapes. The musicians in this group are all men except the dancers, and all of them are smiling, which constitutes a happy scene. This is an artistic expression of increasing humanitarianism in Han Dynasty under the guidance of Confucianism, and it is the product of combining romanticism and realism in a relatively relaxed social atmosphere. Other works that reflect the working people, such as "The Fighter Holding the Basket" and "The Fighter Holding the Hoe", are also very interesting in life and artistic features. In addition, two cash cow furniture unearthed in Mibai Township, one named Tianlu Furniture and the other named Shi Chan Furniture, are very complete, exquisite in shape, exquisite in craftsmanship and rich in connotation. Cash cow is a unique funerary object in Sichuan in Han Dynasty. Not many were unearthed in Sichuan, but Hejiang was unearthed, indicating that Hejiang's economy and culture were not backward in Han Dynasty.
Hejiang is rich in Han dynasty remains, including cliff tombs, portrait sarcophagus and pottery figurines, as well as rich rock paintings, portrait bricks and pottery. Although Hejiang belongs to the hinterland of Sichuan basin, it also shines with the brilliant light of the culture and art of the ancient Chinese civilization.
In July, 2020, the national patriotic health campaign committee reconfirmed Hejiang County as the national health township (county) in 2020.
In June 2020, Hejiang County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Army)).
In March of 20 19, Hejiang county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.
20 18, 10 in June, Hejiang county was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in western China in 20 18, ranking 85th.