Mencius said: "Confucius felt that the country of Lu had shrunk when he climbed Dongshan, and only when he climbed Mount Tai did he feel that the world had shrunk. Therefore, it is difficult for people who have seen the sea to be interested in (small) water, and it is difficult for people who have studied saints to be interested in (other) theories. If you look at the water carefully, you must look at the rolling waves. The sun and the moon have dazzling brilliance and will shine on tiny gaps. Water flows upward on the ground and will not flow forward unless it is filled with low-lying areas. A gentleman's determination to do things can't be achieved to a certain extent. "
2 "A letter is better than no book" Original: Mencius said: "A letter is better than no book. In Wucheng, I only adopted two or three strategies. Benevolence is invincible, even if benevolence is cut to the point of inhumanity, how can there be blood? "
Mencius said: "If you believe in books completely, it is better to have no books. I only take two or three bamboo slips from Wucheng. The benevolent is invincible in the world. How can we attack the most unkind with the most benevolent, so how can we not make the blood float on the mallets? "
3 "Fan Zhongyan Determined to Be in the World" Original: Fan Zhongyan was two years old and lonely, his mother was poor and helpless, and he was later suitable for Changshan Zhu. As he is a dragon, he knows his family, feels sad, resigns from his mother, and goes to Du Nan to enter the school. Study hard day and night and sleep without taking off your clothes for five years. Or the night is dull and lazy, and you need to cover your face with water. Often porridge is not full, and it begins to be eaten at the end of the day. So I am interested in the world because of the purpose of the Six Classics of Great Harmony. I often say to myself: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.
Fan Zhongyan's father died when he was two years old. Mother is poor and has no one to rely on. She remarried to Zhujiajian Island's home in Changshan. (Fan Zhongyan) When he grew up, he knew his life experience, said goodbye to his mother with tears, and left his hometown to study at Du Nan Academy in Yingtianfu. He studies hard during the day and studies late at night. In five years, I have never taken off my clothes or gone to bed. Sometimes I feel sleepy at night and often pour water on my face. (Fan Zhongyan) I often study hard during the day and eat nothing until the sun sets. In this way, he understood the gist of the Six Classics, and later made an ambition to benefit the world. He often tells himself, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later."
4 "Nourishing the heart is not good at lust" Original: Mencius said: "Nourishing the heart is not good at lust. He is also a man with few desires, although there are those that don't exist, he is a widow; He is also a man with a lot of desires. Although there are embarrassing people, they are few. "
Mencius said: "The best way to cultivate self-cultivation is to reduce desire. He has few desires, even if he loses (goodness), he has few; He has many human desires, even if he has reservations. "
(5) "Shi Chong and Wang Kai for luxury" Original: Shi Chong and Wang Kai for luxury, poor and beautiful clothes. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Kai's nephew, helped Kai. Try a two-foot coral tree. Flourishing foliage, helping the needy, chinese odyssey. Rev to show respect; Respect it, strike it with iron, and break it with your hands. Kay regrets and feels that she is her own baby, and her voice is very strong. Chongyue said, "My hatred is not enough. I'll pay you back today. " I was ordered to collect coral trees from around, which were three or four feet long and extremely dry, and six or seven of them were dazzling, such as Xu Kai. Kay panicked.
Shi Chong and Wang Kai are competitive. They both try their best to decorate their cars and clothes with the most gorgeous things. Wang Kai's nephew, Emperor Wu often helped Wang Kai. He once gave Wang Kai a two-foot-tall coral tree with lush foliage. At least there are coral trees in the world that can match it. Wang Kai showed it to Shi Chong. After reading it, Shi Chong hit it with iron ruyi, and it broke. Wang Kai felt sorry and thought that Shi Chong was jealous of his children. His face sternly accused Shi Chong loudly. Shi Chong said, "It's not worth regretting. Now I'll give it back to you. " Even if you take all your coral trees with you, there are six or seven branches three or four feet high. The beauty of branches is unique in the world, and you can't see them all. There are many coral trees as tall as Rainbow Kay. Wang Kai felt very uncomfortable.
2. If there are fewer words in classical Chinese, there must be a translator, the original text, and more importantly, there must be a person who buys shoes (Warring States) Han Feizi.
People who want to buy shoes first put their feet off and let them sit down. Go to town and forget to fuck it. When he finished his duty, he said, "I forgot my endurance." Instead, it is. And reverse. City, hence (Sue) shall not be performed. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "? ng (? ng) is reliable and has no confidence."
There is a man from A Zheng who wants to buy shoes. He measured his feet first, and then put the measured size on the seat. When I was going to the market, I forgot to take the measured size. After getting the shoes, he said, "I forgot to take a pair that fits." So I went back to get the measurements. By the time he came back, the market was closed, and finally he left angrily without buying shoes. Someone asked, "Why not try it with your feet?" (He) said, "I would rather trust the measured size than my own feet."
Buying shoes by Zheng people is an idiom, an allusion and an allegory. It tells the story that Zheng Canren doesn't buy shoes because they believe in "scale" too much. It tells people to seek truth from facts, be flexible and not stick to dogma.
This Zheng Guoren made a dogmatic mistake. He only believes in the size of his feet, not his own, which not only makes a big joke, but also makes him unable to afford shoes and become a laughing stock. In real life, buying shoes only depends on the size of the feet, but not on the feet. This situation may not happen, right? But there are such people. Some people talk, do things and think only from books, not from reality; He believes what is written in the book, but he doesn't believe what is not written in the book but actually exists. In this kind of person's view, only what is written in the book is truth, and what is not written is not truth. In this way, of course, thinking will be rigid and action will hit a wall.
3. Seek a little classical Chinese and translation, carve a boat and seek a sword,
Some Chu people waded in the river and their swords fell into the water, so they grabbed their boat and said, "My sword fell off the boat." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat did it (yǐ), but the sword couldn't. Isn't it confusing to ask for a sword?
There was a man crossing the river in Chu State. His sword fell from the boat into the water. He quickly marked the place where the sword fell with a knife beside the boat and said, "This is where my sword fell." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship has set sail, but the sword hasn't left yet. Isn't it silly to find a sword like this?
I hope I can help you. Remember to adopt it (* _ _ *).
4. The classical Chinese with the least number of words and its ten words explain the original text of Kou Zhun for advice: At first, Zhang Yong was in Chengdu, and I heard that he was admitted to the photo, saying that his subordinates said, "Kougong is a rare talent, but his academic performance is not good."
And allowed to go out of Shaanxi, to strike from Chengdu forever, and to pay the bill strictly, which is a big wait. Forever, he will be sent to the suburbs. He asked, "How can I teach accurately?" Xu Yong said that Biography of Huo Guang is a must-read. "
Don't tell him what he wants, just pass it on until he is "ignorant" and says with a smile, "This man called me." At first, when Zhang Yong was in Chengdu, he heard that Kou Zhun was the prime minister and said to his men, "Kou Zhun is a wizard, but unfortunately he doesn't have enough knowledge and skills."
When Kou Zhun went to Shanzhou, Zhang Yonggang came back from Chengdu, and Kou Zhun respectfully provided tents and warmly treated him. Zhang Yong was leaving. Kou Zhun sent him to the suburbs and asked him, "What can you teach me?" Zhang Yong said slowly, "You must read the biography of Huo Guang."
Kou Zhun didn't understand what he meant. He came back to get the book and read it. When he read "no learning, no skill", he smiled and said, "This is Zhang Gong talking about me." The original work of "Straight Mind": Mu Zongshi, with Zhou Xia's secretary as the actor.
The emperor said, "I tasted your handwriting in the Buddhist temple and thought about it for a long time." That is, worship the right to take books and serve the bachelor.
The emperor asked the public power to use brushwork and said to him, "If the mind is right and the brushwork is right, it can be the law." The emperor changed his face and realized that he was also remonstrating with a pen.
In Tang Muzong, Liu Gongquan acceded to the throne as Zhou Xia's secretary. Tang Muzong said, "I once saw your handwriting in the Buddhist temple and missed you for a long time."
Then I worshipped Liu Gongquan as a bachelor of books. Tang Muzong asked Liu Gongquan how to write calligraphy with a pen. Liu Gongquan replied: "If you have a correct mind, you can correct it with a pen, so that it can become a statute."
Tang Muzong changed his face and realized that he was writing a protest. The original text of "Guan Zhong does not thank the private kindness": Guan Zhong is bound and self-sufficient.
Hungry on the road, begging for help. Qi Wu sealed people to kneel down and eat, very respectful.
Because of stealing, Feng Ren called Zhong Yue: "You are lucky, Qi will not die. How can you repay me with Qi?" Yue: "As Zi said, I use it wisely and I can make it work. How can I repay my son? " Seal people's grievances Guan Zhong was tied in a prison car and taken from Lu to Qi.
I walked on the road, hungry and thirsty, and passed Wuqi City on the Qi-Jing border, begging for food and drinks from the managers who were defending Xinjiang. Wu Ye's Xinjiang-guarding officials knelt down to help him deliver food, which was very respectful.
Later, officials guarding Xinjiang took the opportunity to secretly say to Guan Zhong, "If you are lucky enough to return to Qi without being put to death and be reused by Qi, what will you give me in return?" Guan Zhong said: "If it is really like what you said, I will reuse the sages, use the capable people and evaluate (reward) the merits. What can I do to repay you? " Hearing this, the officials guarding Xinjiang were very dissatisfied with him. "Zi Gong asks politics" Original: Zi Gong asks politics.
Confucius said, "Food and soldiers are sufficient, and the people believe in it." Zi Gong said, "I have to go, which comes first?" He said, "Go and be a soldier."
Zi Gong said, "If you have to leave, which one will come first?" Say, "Go and eat. There has been death since ancient times, and the people have no faith. "
Zi Gong asked Confucius how to govern the country. Confucius said: "As long as there is enough food, sufficient combat readiness and people's trust."
Zi Gong asked, "If you have to remove one item, which of the three items should you remove first?" Confucius said, "Apart from armaments." Zi Gong asked again, "If one item must be removed, which of the two items should be removed?" Confucius said, "In addition to food.
Since ancient times, people have to die, but without the trust of the people, it is untenable. The original text of Taizong's Theory on the Foundation of Stability: Fang said, "Reading the treasury soldiers is far better than Sui."
Said: "the armor is well equipped and can't be missed. But Yang-ti's soldiers are not evil! Die on earth. If you try your best to protect people's safety, it will be our armor. "
Fang said: "I have seen military equipment in the imperial treasury, far exceeding the Sui Dynasty." Taizong said: "Armor, weapons and other weapons and equipment are really indispensable; However, isn't the military equipment of Emperor Yang Di enough? Finally lost his country.
If you try your best to reassure the people, this is our best weapon. "Emperor Taizong strikes the DPRK" Original text: Emperor Taizong once struck the DPRK and said angrily, "I want to kill this Tian She Han!" Wende then asked, "Who touched your majesty?" The emperor said: "I have never been to Wei Zhi, and every court has tried to humiliate me, which makes me often dissatisfied."
When he stepped back and stood in court in royal clothes, the emperor was shocked and said, "What is a queen?" Yes, he said, "I heard that the saints and ministers of the Lord are loyal." Now your Majesty is wise, so Kevin·Z must speak frankly.
I am lucky to have several girlfriends. Are you afraid to congratulate me? Emperor Taizong once said angrily, "You should kill this hillbilly!" Queen Wende asked, "Who made your majesty angry?" Emperor Taizong said, "Who can make me more angry than Wei Zhi? Every time I go to a meeting, I am outspoken, which makes me often uncomfortable. " Hearing this, the queen stepped back, put on her royal clothes and stood in the yard (congratulations to Emperor Taizong).
Emperor Taizong was frightened and said, "Why is the queen so?" The queen replied, "I heard that the wise men of the monarch are loyal, and now your Majesty is wise, so Wei Zhi can make outspoken suggestions. I am glad to be a member of your wise king's harem. How can I not congratulate you? " Tao Kan, a general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is the original text of "Tao Mu blamed his son".
The country is the pillar, the people are the parents, and the world values it. When he was young, he was a fisherman and tasted the crucible once to pay for his mother.
Mother said, "Where did this come from?" The messenger said, "The government owns it." Mother sealed the letter and scolded Kan, saying, "Being an official is not only useless, but also adds to my troubles."
Tao Kan was a general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and a pillar of the country. He treats others like his own parents, so the world respects him. Tao Kan, an official in charge of river fish when he was young, once sent an altar of dried fish to his mother.
Mother said to the messenger, "Where did this dried fish come from?" The messenger replied, "It belongs to the government." Tao Kan's mother sealed the dried fish, returned it to the officers and wrote back, blaming Tao Kan: "As an official (who should be honest and clean), you gave me public property (as a gift), which not only did no good, but increased my sorrow."
"Jing people wading" original: Jing people want to attack the Song Dynasty, so that people can show their water first. Those who drown are beneficial, and the Jing people know it. They follow the table and wade at night. More than 1000 people were drowned, and the army was surprised and bad.
We can guide them at the beginning, but now that the water has changed and benefited a lot, the Jing people still follow the table and guide them, so they lost. When the Chu people wanted to attack the Song State, they sent someone to erect a monument in the water first.
The water suddenly rose, Chu.
5. The meaning of less in ancient Chinese ①, less sh m: o
1, original intention: not much
For example, Shuowen is less, not more. It means less is not much.
During the Warring States Period, Han Fei's The Woods of Han Fei had less people and more money. This means that people rarely have extra money.
Another example: less for a while (less for a while, later); Less (less, at least; Slightly better, slightly better); Less redundancy (busier); What is missing (what is missing, what is missing, what is missing, what is missing, what is missing. Some, many, not rare); Less talent (intelligence); Teenagers (a few years); Not very good (less but better); Not much to say (that is, not much to say at ordinary times); Talk less (less); Qi deficiency (qi deficiency)
2. Weakness
For example, Han Fei's "Han Fei Zi" in the Warring States Period was weak but not afraid of strength. It means weak and not afraid of strong.
Step 3 pass on "small"
For example, in Liu An's Huai Nan Zi, the prince of Wu collapsed and the teenager was king. This means that after the death of King Wu, the king is still young.
4. Shortage, far from the original requirements.
Such as: indispensable (inevitable, indispensable); Don't wear a tie in your crotch (lack of clothes and clothes); Less owed (owed); Underripe (poor harvest, reduced production); Less (less); Less owed); Less than (less than; Less than); Not so unruly (unruly, ill-bred)
5. Do less and reduce; weaken
Such as: less strength (weakening its strength); Saw a lot of people; There must be a few words missing here; A few sheep are missing from the flock; Cut the crap; Don't play dumb with me.
Step 6 look down upon
Lack of each other (contempt for each other)
7. a little, a little
Such as: less money (a little money means that the conversation is gradually speculative); Take a break (take a break); Running short (slightly tired); Kill less (slightly worse); Stop less (for a while); Less (slightly better); Less stagnation (slightly convergence); Less Sue (slightly relieved); Less procrastination (no relaxation of investigation); Need less (wait a little); Less evil (slightly uncomfortable); Kill less (slightly decline; A little bit worse); Take less rest (have a rest); Almost (slightly better)
8, for a while
Such as: please wait less; Take a break (short break); Stay a little (for a while); Low security (slightly safe); Stop less (for a while); Pay less interest (quickly)
(2), shào.
1, young, young
Such as: Western Han Dynasty Liu Xiang's Warring States Policy Qi Ce: I am little. It means that the king is still young.
Such as: * * *; Young (young; Young people); Young lords (young monarchs); Young and long (young and old); Less death (early death); Little buddy (little buddy. Old people's address to young friends); Young days (when young); Less success (refers to the habit formed as a child); There is no difference (habits formed from childhood are natural); Not so good (young and beautiful)
2, small, not big,
Such as: less officials (small officials); Lower abdomen (lower abdomen)
3, the order behind
Such as: Shaoshi (concubine); Young mother (son called father's concubine); Burn bones (ancient wives called their husbands' concubines burn bones); Fewer wives (concubines); The youngest son
4. Childhood
For example, Mencius in Mencius in the Warring States Period: If there are few people, you should respect your parents; Know lewd, desire less love. It means that people love their parents when they are young; When you know how to like women, you worship beautiful young girls.
5. Young people. Compared with "old" [young]
Such as: a family of three generations; Men, women and children; Less color (juvenile color); Young children (called young people in ancient times)
6. Deputy; An assistant (usually a ruler)
Such as Shao Zheng (ancient official name. Two officials as big officials); Shaofu (ancient official name. Both Qin and Han Dynasties were one of the "Nine big noble". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was in charge of official uniforms, treasuries and delicacies. ); Shaonei (an official in charge of palace property in Han Dynasty); Shaogong (another name for county commandant in Tang Dynasty); Shao Yin (another name for county assistant officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Xian Cheng, Dian Shi and Li Mu). ); Shao Shi (official name of female palace maid). Today also refers to the lower ranks in the same rank. Such as: Major General; Major; second lieutenant
7, young master
Such as: broad and young; A villain; Young orientals (young masters, slaves call their masters' sons); A young gentleman (as a courtesy title for someone else's son)
Baidu encyclopedia -less
6. the content and explanation of classical Chinese is classical Chinese ... but it is necessary to explain ... the less the better ... what kind of trip to the avenue, the world is fair, choose the best and appoint the best. 2.
Old friends are not only relatives, but also only children, so that the old will have a home, the young will be useful, and the young will have a support point. Those who are pitied, widowed, orphaned, orphaned and disabled will be provided with support, with six males and seven females. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself. If you hate it, you don't have to do it for yourself.
Therefore, it is not successful to seek harmony, and thieves do not make mistakes. Therefore, outsiders should not approach, which is called Datong ⑿. (1) from the book of rites liu yun.
The Book of Rites, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 49 articles. Li Yun is a book written by Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its title is The Book of Rites.
Avenue, in ancient times, refers to the highest political ideal. (2)[ selecting talents and (j incarnation) being able to] put people with high moral character and capable candidates * * *.
Take it and pass it through the elevator. (3) Advocating Faith and Restoring Friendship (mù) stresses honesty and fosters harmony (atmosphere).
(4) Take [pro] as a verb and ... as a professional player. The first "zi" after "zi" is also a verb.
(5) 【 pity (guān), widowed, lonely, alone, disabled 】 pity, widowed old man. Unfortunately, pass the gun.
A lonely old man without a husband. A lonely young man without a father.
A lonely old man without children. Disabled, disabled.
⑥ 【 Men have points (fè n) 】 Men have positions. Teacher, position, refers to occupation.
All landowners [women have a home] means that women have a home. Regression refers to a woman's marriage.
People hate throwing things on the ground, but they don't have to hide themselves. Evil, disgust.
(9) shows that people are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own self-interest. Attending 【 seek closure instead of prosperity 】 sinister plan will not happen.
⑾ Theft, rebellion and injury will not happen. Chaos means rebellion.
Thief refers to harm. Work, get up.
⑿ [outdoor] refers to the gate. [13][ Close] Close the gate.
[14] Datong refers to an ideal society. Use, use and, flat meaning.
When the social norms followed in ancient times were implemented, the world was owned by the people and the virtue was the world. Select talents (work for everyone), everyone stresses honesty and advocates harmony.
Therefore, people should not only care for their parents, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can live a good life, the middle-aged can serve the society, the young children can grow up smoothly, and the elderly without wives can have a good future. An old man without a husband.
A child who lost his father at an early age, an old man who has no children or daughters. Disabled people can get support, men should have jobs and women should get married in time.
People hate the phenomenon that goods are abandoned on the ground, but not for their own enjoyment; I hate the behavior of refusing to do my best in the same job, and I always don't want to work for personal gain. In this way, no one will collude.
No one will steal property or make trouble, so there is no need to close the door. This is called an ideal society.
7. Seek an explanation for the small number of words in the classical Chinese translated by 10. Is this the content? It's available online. I just need to solve it myself.
Fragment classical Chinese translation
1. Generally speaking, before reading a book, you must be familiar with it, so that everything you say comes from my mouth. After careful consideration, make its meaning come from the heart, and then you can get it. ...... The ancients said: "Read it a thousand times before you know its meaning." If you read well, you don't need to explain, you know what it means. I said that there are three ways to read, namely, heart, eyes and mouth. If the heart is not here, the eyes will not look closely, and the eyes will not be single-minded, but will only be full of waves. Read aloud, never remember, and remember for a long time. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, won't the eyes be there? d~y，=-
Note (1) Surfing: Whatever. 2 urgent: it matters a lot. \
Generally speaking, you must be familiar with reading first, so that everything inside seems to come from my mouth. Think about it further and make its meaning seem to come from what I think in my heart, then I can learn something. ...... The ancients said: "Read a book many times, and its meaning will naturally emerge." In other words, if you read the book well, you will naturally understand its meaning without relying on others to explain it. I once said: there are three kinds of reading, called heart to heart, eye to eye and mouth to mouth. If the heart is not in the book, then the eyes will not read it carefully. Since the heart and eyes are not absorbed wholeheartedly, they just look at it casually, which is definitely unforgettable, even if they remember it, it will not last long. Of the three, the heart is the most important. The heart is here, can't the eyes be there?
2. Duke Jinping asked Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old, and I am afraid I am old enough to study." Shi Kuang said, "Why not hold a candle?" Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?" Shi Kuang said, "Do you dare to play with me, blind minister? I heard: "less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise;" Strong and studious, like the light of the sun: old and studious, like holding a candle. Holding a candle, what is it and what is it? " Gong Ping said, "Great! " P{fYY
Note ① Holding a candle: Light the candle. The candles at that time were just torches, not later candles. (2) blind priest: Shi Kuang is blind, so he calls himself blind. Beijing
Jin Pinggong chats with the famous musician Shi Kuang. Jin Pinggong sighed and said, "I am seventy years old this year. I really want to study, but I am afraid it will be too late. " Shi Kuang smiled and said, "Why don't you light a candle?" Duke Jinping's face sank, and he said unhappily, "How can anyone make fun of the monarch as a courtier?" Shi Kuang quickly got up and bowed down, saying, "How dare you play with your majesty? It is said that when I was a teenager, I was eager to learn as the rising sun. In the prime of my life, I am very curious, just like the sunshine at noon, still very strong; Learning in old age is like candle lighting. However, which one is better than lighting a candle and walking in the dark? " Gong Ping listened, nodded and praised again and again: "Well said."
3, moving cylinder 1 taste of Chinese studies 2 Difficult to see the theory of erudition 3 cloud: "There are seventy-two disciples of Confucius." The porter asked, "72 people have reached the peak." How many people have won the championship? " ? How many people have not been crowned? "Bo Tu said," there are no words in the classics. "The moving cylinder said," Sir, when you were studying, didn't you understand that 30 Confucius disciples were crowned and 42 were not? " The doctor said, "According to what article, what do you know? "Move the cylinder:" The Analects of Confucius said,' There are five or six top scholars', five or six or thirty, and' there are six or seven boys, six or seven boys or forty-two boys, isn't it seventy-two? "Sitting in laughter. The doctor is unparalleled. ]
Note ① Mobile cylinder: name. (2) Chinese studies: the general term for official studies in Beijing Normal University. 3 on difficulty: debate the other side's argument. 4 Crown: Adult. ⑤: How can you? aa/Yv
Moving drums once heard a doctor argue in Chinese studies: "There are 72 famous disciples of Confucius." The moving cylinder then asked, "How many of the 72 celebrities are adults and how many are minors?" The doctor said, "There is nothing in the book." The moving cylinder said, "Sir, how could you not know when you were studying?"