From 1885, Weng Tonghe, Pan Zuyin, etc. With the intention of supporting Zhang Jian, especially "expecting me" and "recommending not to win" Mistaking other people's papers for Zhang Jian several times and getting into Hui Yuan showed the urgency of support, which led to Weng Tonghe's ambition in the Sino-Japanese science examination. (Zhang Jian, 34 years old, should not be admitted; At the age of 37, I went to a meeting, and the test paper was taken by Shu Sun of Wuxi. At the age of 38, I took the exam, but in the field, I mistakenly took Tao Shi Feng as Zhang Jian's volume. Zhong Tao was "Huiyuan" and Zhang Luodi; At the age of 40, I went to take part in the exam, but the test paper was taken away by Liu of Wujin, and Yuan and Zhang came last. )
In the 13th year of Guangxu reign (1887), Zhang Jian went to Kaifeng with Sun Yunjin to assist in river regulation and disaster relief, and drew up an outline for traffic relief. After the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), he was hired to preside over Ganyu Xuanqing Academy, Chongming Yingzhou Academy, Jiangning Zheng Wen Academy and Anqing Jinggu Academy.
In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), on the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, Zhang Jian once again went to Beijing to take the Cohen test of does. In February, don't try, take the sixtieth palace stone; In March, the department of rites won the first-class tenth place, "the eleventh day, Changshu division changed to the tenth place"; On April 24, when he entered the palace for the exam, Weng Tonghe ordered Zhang Jian, an examination paper officer, to hand in the papers and then sent them directly to himself. After reviewing in a hurry, he tried his best to popularize it. Weng Tonghe not only did the work of other marking ministers, but also made Zhang Jian's paper the first. When Emperor Guangxu introduced him, he specially introduced: "Zhang Jian is a famous man in the south of the Yangtze River, a dutiful son." Zhang Jian was awarded the title of No.1 Middle School Champion and he was awarded the title of Six Gentlemen College.
Soon, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the national crisis intensified the contradiction between the two parties after the emperor. The "clean stream" headed by Weng Tonghe supported Emperor Guangxu, and there were many discussions about the main battle. Its main target is Li Hongzhang, who fears the sun like a tiger. In fact, it is to attack the post-party of the Lord and try to win some real power for the emperor who has the name of "pro-government". Zhang Jian, the top scholar of the new discipline who was famous for a while, quickly became the leader of "Qingliu" and the decision-making figure among the disciples of "Wengmen" because of his similar historical origins and political opinions. However, in the main battle, when the Lord and the two factions fought fiercely, Zhang Jian returned to the system because of his father's funeral.
At the beginning of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), Zhang Zhidong, acting governor of Liangjiang, sent Zhang Jian to organize an ocean-going group training to prevent the Japanese navy from invading the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at any time. Because the Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the sailing yong ying fell by the wayside. At the end of the same year, he joined the Shanghai Strong Society organized by Kang Youwei.
At the beginning of the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong sent Zhang Jian, Ding to set up commercial bureaus in Tongzhou, Suzhou and Zhenjiang respectively, and Zhang Jian set up cotton mills in Nantong and Suzhou respectively.
Sheng Da cotton mill was originally identified as a commercial office. Zhang Jian tried to raise funds through official investment promotion office and joint venture between government and business, but the results were very small and the funds raised were very limited. Zhang Jian had no choice but to ask the government for help. 1896 1 1 In June, Zhang Jian shelved Zhang Zhidong's "Westernization" in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893) in Shanghai through Liu Kunyi, the former governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Commerce of Nanyang. Sheng Xuanhuai, who monopolized Westernization enterprises in the form of official supervision and commercial office and joint venture between official and commercial enterprises, was also buying machines, so he divided these machines with Zhang Jian, each with 20,400 ingots, at a price of 252,000 official shares and 252,000 commercial shares. Official shares do not count profits and losses, but only take official profits by year, which has become a "gentry-led business" nature.
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Sheng Da Cotton Mill officially broke ground at Taozhuba, Tangjiazha, west of Tongzhou, and was completed and put into operation the following year. After several years of dismal operation, Sheng Da Cotton Mill has gradually grown. By the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the factory had increased its capital by 632,000, with more than 20,000 spindles. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Sheng Da No.2 Factory was established in Chongming jiulong town (now Qidong City), with a capital of100000 yuan and 26000 spindles. By the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), the net profit of Sheng Da No.1 Factory and No.2 Factory was about 3.7 million yuan. Starting from 190 1, with the support of Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers, coastal wasteland was reclaimed at the junction of Lvsi and Haimen, and a cotton mill with 65,438+10,000 mu of cultivated land-the raw cotton base of Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company was built. With the continuous accumulation of capital, Zhang Jian founded Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory in Tangzha, and gradually formed Tangzha Town Industrial Zone. At the same time, in order to facilitate the transportation of equipment, machinery and goods, he built a port along the river west of Tangzha-Tiansheng Port. Later, a power plant was built in Tiansheng Port, and a road was opened between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become Nantong at that time. The appearance of modern warp spinning industry at the end of 19 changed Nantong's urban function from exchange type to production type, and Nantong became one of the early national capitalist industrial bases in China.
The development of national industry needs science and technology, which prompted Zhang Jian to set up a school and first devoted himself to normal education. In February of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian was invited by Liu Kunyi, the governor of the two rivers, to discuss the promotion of learning in Jiangning. Liu Kunyi agreed, but was stopped by San Francisco Wu, Xun Daoxu and Yan Daohu. Zhang Jian sighed. He plans to establish a self-run normal school in Tongzhou with colleagues such as Luo Shuyun and Tang Shouqian. The plan is that since Zhang Jian worked in Tongzhou Textile Factory for five years, he has earned 20,000 yuan at public expense with interest and encouraged him to set up a subsidy. On July 9, the same year, Tongzhou Normal School chose the Qianfo Temple in the southeast of Nantong as the school site to start construction, and the school officially opened the following year. This is the first normal school in China, and its construction marks the beginning of the specialized organ of normal education in China.
Zhang Jian was also the leader of the constitutional movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and presided over and initiated three congressional petition movements.
When he was minister of industry and commerce in the Republic of China, he pointed out that the past measures were "unintentionally guiding people to start businesses", which was wasteful and ineffective. In the future, Ministry-run enterprises should stop and listen to the opinions of ordinary people.
1905, Zhang Jian and Ma founded Fudan University in Wusong, the predecessor of Fudan University. 1907 founded agricultural schools and girls' normal schools, 1909 advocated Tonghai five-genus public middle schools (now Nantong middle schools). 19 12 years, medical school, textile school and hohai engineering school (the predecessor of hohai university) were established one after another, and a number of primary schools and middle schools were established one after another. 1909, Zhang Jian founded the shipping department of Shanghai Higher Technical School of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, which was once called "Wusong Merchant Shipping College" because it was located in Wusong. After liberation, the school was reorganized into Shanghai Navigation College. From 65438 to 0953, Shanghai Maritime College, Northeast Maritime College and Fujian Maritime College merged to form Dalian Maritime College, which is today's Dalian Maritime University. 19 12 years, Zhang Jian founded Jiangsu Fisheries School in Laoximen. 19 13 years, the whole school moved to Wusong, so it was called Wusong Fisheries College, the predecessor of Shanghai Ocean University today. 19 17 With the support of Zhang Jian, Tongji Medical Engineering School (the predecessor of Tongji University) reopened in Wusong. 192 1, Shanghai Business School was established in Shanghai. Shanghai Business School was formerly Nanjing Normal University, and later Nanjing Normal University was expanded to National Southeast University. Zhang Jian is one of the main founders of National Southeast University. Relying on vocational education, surveying and mapping, sericulture and other disciplines in normal schools have developed into more than a dozen vocational schools, among which three schools of textile, agriculture and medicine have made remarkable achievements, which were later expanded into junior colleges, and 1924 was merged into Nantong University. Other universities with the same blood relationship as modern Nantong University include Donghua University, Jiangsu Agricultural College (later merged into Yangzhou University) and Suzhou Medical College (later merged into Suzhou University). Nantong Normal School, the first normal school in China (1952), is the first special education school for the deaf in China.
In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Nantong Museum, the first museum in China, was established in Tongzhou. Junshan Meteorological Observatory was established in 19 15. In addition, libraries and schools for the blind and deaf have been established. 19 1 1 served as the president of central education, the interim speaker of Jiangsu provincial parliament and the premier of Jiangsu province. Nanjing government was established in 19 12 as the chief industrial officer. 19 12 served as the chief agricultural officer of Beiyang government and the chief water conservancy officer of the country. After witnessing the invasion of foreign powers, he resolutely gave up his official position and devoted himself to the road of saving the country through industry. 19181kloc-0/On October 23rd, Xiong Xiling, Cai Yuanpei and others initiated and organized a peace meeting.
Born in Hakka, Zhang Jian is the top scholar. His calligraphy has its own foundation. Scripts, scripts, lines and grass are all his specialties. He is calm and beautiful. Many of his plays have been handed down from generation to generation, and the plays are rare. However, this pair is a script and a long speech. His brushwork is thin and hard, flying vertically and horizontally, and the beauty lies in the essence of ritual monument and Shimen ode. 1922, the business spirit leader, the "top scholar entrepreneur" went bankrupt. 1926, 17 In July, a generation of "number one entrepreneurs" passed away in infinite loneliness and loneliness.