Qing Taizong: Ai Xinjue Luo Nurhachi 16 16 ~ 1626 Qing Taizong: Aisingiorro Huang Taiji 1627 ~ 1643.
Qing shizu; Aisingji Orofulin 1644 ~ 166 1. : Shunzhi.
Qing sage; Aisinggio Michelle Ye 1662 ~ 1722. : Kangxi
Emperor shizong of Qing dynasty: yongzheng emperor 1723 ~ 1735 year number: Yongzheng.
Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty: Aisingiorro Li Hong 1736 ~ 1795. : ganlong.
Renzong in Qing Dynasty: Aisingiorro Gala 1796 ~ 1820: Jiaqing.
Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty: Yongning, Aisingiorro 182 1 year ~ 1850No.: Daoguang.
Literati of Qing Dynasty: Aisin Jiroiyi1851~1861year. : Xianfeng Sect: Aisingiorro 1862 ~ 1874. : Tongzhi.
Aisingiorro Zai Tian 1875 ~ 1908. : Guangxu.
(No temple number) Aisingiorro Puyi1909 ~191/year number: Xuan Tong.
Knowledge expansion:
History is simply four words: "prosperity and decline". How to divide the twelve dynasties in Qing Dynasty? We once divided it into four parts. The first part is the history of the Qing Dynasty. My personal algorithm is Three Dynasties, Destiny, Congtian and Shunzhi, referred to as Tiantianshun for short. The second stage is the prosperous time, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong; The third stage is decline, generally three dynasties, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng; The fourth stage is death: Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong. In this way, the 296-year history of the Qing Dynasty is divided into four sections, which is easy to remember.
At the initial stage of entry into the customs, we should lay the foundation first and then reform and prosper.
The portrait of Nurhachi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, has the word "pioneering".
Nurhachi rose in Hutuala, Liaodong, now a village in Fushun, Liaoning. How big is this village? The whole village built a well on the mountain. This mountain is strange. The mountain from the flat ground is more than ten meters high from the ground. Like cutting steamed bread, it rises at once, with a flat top and a wall built on it. The fence is very simple, with stones on it, wood on it, and then earth. How many people are fighting? Some people say there are 100 people. I counted less than 100 people, about 40 or 50 people. Then, fighting in the north and the south, marching east and west, those who obeyed and resisted all fled. Finally, the A Qing Dynasty was established from Nurhachi. Nurhachi was miserable when he left his legacy. He has been an officer all his life and hasn't lost once in 44 years. It can be said that he is invincible. But there was a Cantonese named Yuan Chonghuan, then called Nanmanzi, and Yuan Chonghuan was born in the second year of Nuerhachi's military service. Some people say that Yuan Chonghuan is an excellent soldier and commander-in-chief, but he is just a scholar and a magistrate. One theory is that he injured Nurhachi, and the other is that he was not injured. I think he's still hurt. Why is it not recorded in Qing history? Can you record it? Yuan Chonghuan wounded our ancestors, which cannot be recorded. Emperor Jiaqing was struck by lightning, do you remember? You can't remember either. So Yuan Chonghuan is the bane of Nurhachi.
After the death of Nurhachi, his eighth son, Huang Taiji, succeeded to the throne, ranking fourth in Baylor. Huang taiji's portrait is two words "reform", eliminating Nurhachi's ills and pushing his father's inheritance forward. For example. Nuerhachi suspected that many intellectuals secretly knew the Ming Dynasty and ordered them to be killed. When he saw one, 300 people fled to the top of the mountain. After the incident, the man came out, but he didn't kill him and was assigned to Baylor's house as a slave. After these people died, his wife and daughter continued to be Baylor's concubines or slave girls. Huang taiji made reforms and gave these people exams. When they passed the exam, they were released from their slave status and gave her a free status. These people are very happy. After the exam, my identity was liberated. The history book recorded four words "folk music" and then took the exam. Selecting a dozen juren is the basis of civil servants in Qing Dynasty. Without the reform of the second generation of Huang Taiji and the continuation of Nurhachi's wrong policy, it would probably be impossible for the Qing Dynasty to rise and move its capital to Beijing to unify the Central Plains.
Shunzhi became emperor at the age of 6 and inherited the throne. /kloc-ascended the throne in 0/8 and died at the age of 24. I am 23 years old, about the same age as I graduated from college. How to draw a portrait of Shunzhi? The word "willfulness". Some people say "infatuation" to Shunzhi's portrait. I think infatuation makes sense. He is very headstrong. For example: In the first example, when Dourgen died, Shunzhi first gave Dourgen a notice, read out his charges, and then removed the memorial tablet from the temple. The biggest move is to dig Dourgen's grave, take out the body, whip it and burn it. Shunzhi is a bit headstrong as an emperor. Dourgen wanted to live and said, can you be an emperor without me? Can you enter the customs without me? Can you sit on the throne of the golden palace without dourgen? Dourgen made great achievements when the Qing army entered the customs. Shunzhi handled Dourgen's affairs with emotion, which was too willful and not treated objectively.
In the second example, Dong Fei of Shunzhi died. Shunzhi was so sad that he didn't eat or sleep, shaved his hair and wanted to become a monk. What a scandal! You are the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. How do you explain this when you become a monk? This is willfulness, forgetting the identity of the emperor and being responsible for the country, so painting Shunzhi is "willfulness".
"Gan" pushed the Qing Dynasty to the climax of prosperity.
After the death of Shunzhi, it was Kangxi, who succeeded to the throne at the age of 8 and became emperor for 6 1 year, and lived to be 69 years old. How to draw a portrait of Kangxi? I said that Kangxi has many characteristics, and the most important feature is "learning". Kangxi went home to talk to his mother in Mongolian and went back to the palace to talk in Manchu. He discussed things with the ministers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Eight Banners, and the memorials were all in Manchu and Manchu. He speaks Chinese with ministers of the Han nationality and discusses problems with scholars and college students with four books and five classics. This is a middle school, and there are western learning, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and human anatomy. Now there is a computer used by Kangxi in the Forbidden City, which is hand-operated, and it can still be used by shaking it now. The Forbidden City also has the draft paper and used triangular ruler that Kangxi did geometry problems in those years. Kangxi can be said to be a combination of Chinese and western. He writes at least one thousand Chinese characters a day. Except for a high fever and illness, he can't move, 365 days a year, and the Chinese New Year doesn't stop. It was not until he had a stroke in his later years that he could not write with his right hand that he remembered with his left hand and wrote with his left hand. Go to Mulan paddock, get down to Jiangnan, take a sedan chair or take a boat, and don't stop. Not only does he study by himself, but he is also strict with his children. He told his sons to get up around 4 o'clock in the morning and get up to study in the study. For children aged five or six, the teacher drew a paragraph to read. The Analects of Confucius and Four Books must be read a hundred times. I have to recite it after reading it, even if I can recite it. Then the teacher will have an exam, the teacher will recite it and the prince will recite it. After Kangxi went to court, check it. Kangxi said which paragraph was recited, so there were no playboys among Kangxi's 35 sons, and no one was ignorant. In my opinion, the education of emperors in Qing Dynasty should be said to be the strictest and best in China since Qin Shihuang. Let's look at the words of Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng. In Guangxu, everyone wrote well. It can be said that the calligraphy of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong is better than that of many calligraphers today.
How did Kangxi die? Did you die after drinking Yongzheng's ginseng soup? Qing experts don't think so. Because Yongzheng fasted for his father in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, he had to be called back by his father. I brought him back temporarily and sent him directly from the palace to Changchun Garden. I fasted in the palace and couldn't eat meat. After Kangxi refused to enter, he couldn't get in, and even if he did, he couldn't get around Kangxi. After several inspections.
You see, Kangxi himself knows medicine and pharmacy, and he also writes his own prescriptions. Northerners shouldn't eat ginseng, so he doesn't eat ginseng. Dad opposes eating ginseng, not eating ginseng. You can't provide it to him.
Kangxi died without an heir. What can Yong Zhengdi take away? Some people say that Yongzheng usurped the throne, I think it is unlikely. Emperor Taizong's Xuanwumen change, he usurped the throne and the position of his younger brother. The battle of Jingnan of Yongle Emperor was also a usurper, usurping the position of my nephew (Jianwen Emperor). Whose throne did Yongzheng usurp? About 20 of their brothers are adults, and 8 have some power. Eight people competed for the throne, and Yongzheng was smarter because he won, so I said Yongzheng won the throne. 13 years, after Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he vigorously carried out reforms, and Yongzheng was highly effective. To what extent were Yongzheng and the emperor diligent in Qing Dynasty? I read Kangxi's daily life records. At about 8 o'clock every morning, I listen to politics and hold court meetings in Gan Qing Palace. No matter whether it is cold or hot every day, there is no Friday or Saturday. There are still some official business to deal with during the Spring Festival, such as meeting the prince of Mongolia. Later in the summer, it was changed to Zhongnanhai. The Qing emperors were diligent, not one emperor, but all emperors. This should be unique in the imperial history after Qin Shihuang. This was not the case in the Ming Dynasty. Wanli didn't last for decades. The emperor of the Ming Dynasty was ridiculous, but there was no such emperor in the Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng approved dozens of memorials a day, listened to politics in the morning, met with ministers in the afternoon, studied by himself, and liked to approve memorials in the evening. At that time, the lighting was not good, Yongzheng's eyes were not good, and his glasses were not good. He has many pairs of glasses.
Next, his son Gan Long was very lucky. At the age of 25, he naturally became emperor. He worked for 60 years, and at the age of 85, he was the emperor's father for three years. In China, ancient history is unprecedented.
Some people say it is a romantic emperor, but I personally think it is a cultural emperor. Some people disagree with me. I said it is unscientific to study Sikuquanshu. Some people say that it is unscientific and the book has been destroyed. I said you only looked at one side, not the other. At that time, one book was called an orphan, another was called a rare book, and another was called a manuscript, and the other was a manuscript, which copied from each other. Gan Long collects useful books from all over the country in Beijing and employs many people to write in Beijing. Everyone has a chance to have a look at SikuQuanshu, which is a huge cultural project with a total volume of over 70,000 copies. Today, we are still proud of it. Some books are now in the National Library, and another book is now in Lanzhou. Not long ago, we went to Lanzhou University to read this book. After reading it, we know that this is a great project. We divided a book into seven parts and copied seven. It would be a pity if those books were not repaired and destroyed at that time. Qing culture has a great contribution, which is to inherit Chinese civilization.
The national luck was not prosperous, the emperor was incompetent, and the Qing dynasty went to decline and perish.
After the completion of Qianlong, it was Jiaqing, and Jiaqing was "mediocre". Jiaqing was emperor for 25 years. Xiao Shenyang was punished for one thing he did beautifully, and nothing else was written in detail.
After Jiaqing, Daoguang was responsible for the failure of the Opium War. No one has ever said that. I said that anyway. Daoguang is an incompetent emperor. Two calligraphy and paintings like incompetence and the Opium War. Britain came to you, and Lin Zexu was used to ban smoking, but it didn't last. He was excused when he was in trouble. He will ban smoking for a while, fight for the main battle for a while, and make peace for a while, vacillating. As a politician, Britain is not what it is now. At that time, the gap with the Qing empire was not that big. At that time, China had a population of 400 million. Only 5000 people came to Britain at first. What are you going to do after you finish the bullet? And you are far behind India, so Daoguang should bear the main historical responsibility for the failure of the Opium War and the signing of treaty of nanking. Daoguang's incompetence led to the failure of the Opium War and the signing of treaty of nanking. Daoguang's name should be nailed to the shame column of China's national history for all traitors to see.
When Daoguang is finished, it is Xianfeng.
Xianfeng didn't catch up. There are British and French allied forces there, and there is the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom here, which has caught up with a special era. But once, the British and French allied forces came to you. Your birthday is in Yuanmingyuan in your thirties. What's the hurry? After singing for three days and nights, the western invaders have arrived in Tianjin. Why not take this opportunity to convene a court to study how to resist? When the country was in crisis, he left with his family and went to the theatre with the troupe. There are many queens, and some people say that Xianfeng still smokes a lot, which needs to be identified. Xianfeng did not organize the war of resistance between the army and the people. He left the burden to Prince Gong and ran away by himself. He signed a treaty to make him come back and sing and dance day and night. Therefore, Xianfeng was a cowardly emperor, Tongzhi was an urchin, became emperor at the age of six, ruled for thirteen years, and died at the age of nineteen.
Behind it is Guangxu. How did Guangxu draw it? I only said two words "unfortunately". First, unfortunately, Guangxu's father was an alcoholic prince. When his father saw it, he knelt down and became a vassal. When he saw his father, he was called his father. Guangxu is the monarch and he is the minister. Guangxu and his father were not happy and could not lead a normal father-son life. The second misfortune is that he can't live a normal mother-child life with his mother. Can Guangxu see his mother? No, my mother lives in the northern mansion of Wang Mi, and now it is the former residence of Soong Ching Ling. The third misfortune is that Cixi, the mother, has an abnormal relationship. She is not her own mother, but she has to be called her own mother. Fourth, the queen is both a wife and a supervisor, neither far nor near. The fifth issue is concubines. If you like your spouse, you can't. Cixi will push you underground and drown you. The relationship with his brother is not good either. I counted at least eight misfortunes. Besides some materials, I also saw the new materials of Memoirs of the Death of Guangxu written by Qi Gong. His ancestors heard it with their own ears when they were ministers of rites in the Qing Dynasty. Cixi suffered from dysentery, and Guangxu was in poor health but not fatal. I read the record. He visited Cixi every day and sometimes accompanied her to dinner. It can be seen that Guangxu was not very ill. Can he go and greet her? That's great. Can I have dinner with you? Cixi was critically ill and did not immediately inform the whole country to hold a funeral. The eunuch on duty came out of Cixi's house and walked to Guangxu's house with a small bowl. When passing through Shangshu's house, Shangshu didn't take the initiative to say hello. What do you do? He said he would send a bowl of yogurt to the emperor and went into Guangxu's house. After about an hour, Guangxu died and Cixi's family began to cry. So this bowl of yogurt is poison, poisoning Guangxu. How did Guangxu die? As a conclusion, it remains to be considered.
Finally, Xuan Tong. Xuan Tong ascended the throne at the age of 3 and abdicated at the age of 6, which is equivalent to a child in a large kindergarten class, so it is not enough to discuss.