Shen Kuo
Yang Hui
1. Chu Suiliang (596 ~ 659), the word Deng Shan. Famous calligrapher and minister in Tang Dynasty. Originally from Yangzhai, Henan (now Yuzhou, Henan), he moved south to Qiantang, Hangzhou (now west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the late Jin Dynasty. Father Chu Liang, one of the 18 bachelors of Li Shimin Literature Museum, is the King of Qin.
Chu Suiliang's calligraphy was a beginner in the south of the city. In his later years, he adopted Zhong You and Wang Xizhi and merged with Han Li to form his own family. Together with Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Xue Ji, they are called the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. According to legend, after Yu Shinan's death, Emperor Taizong sighed that no one could discuss books. Wei Zhi praised: "Chu Suiliang's efforts won Wang Yi a reputation." Wei Zhi believes that he has a deep understanding of Wang Zi and has the ability to identify the authenticity of Wang Zi. The book review in the Tang Dynasty said that his words were: "Words are gold, deeds are jade, rules are Wen Ya, and beauty is more."
Handed down from ancient times, there are regular script "Monument to Mencius", "Preface to the Wild Goose Pagoda" and "A Que Buddhist Shrine".
2. Shen Kuo (A.D. 103 1 ~ 1095) was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Northern Song Dynasty, Han nationality. Scientists and politicians in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zong Shen participated in Wang Anshi's political reform.
In his later years, Shen Kuo carefully summed up his life experience and scientific activities in Meng Xi Park, and wrote famous scientific masterpieces such as Meng Qian's Pen Talk and Forgetting His ambition. Song Zhe died in the second year of Zong Shaosheng (AD 1095). He wrote dozens of books in his life, but only a few comprehensive collections, such as Changxing Collection and Prescription Science, have been circulated so far. Meng Qian Bi Tan is the coordinate of Chinese science history and the summary of Shen Kuo's social science activities all his life. Its content is extremely rich, including more than 600 articles on astronomy, calendar, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, geology, medicine, literature, history, archaeology, music and art, among which 200 articles belong to science and technology, recording many of his inventions, discoveries and opinions. Shen Kuo is a scientific generalist.
3. Yang Hui was an outstanding mathematician and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, and one of the four great mathematicians in Song and Yuan Dynasties. He is the first person in the world to draw a wealth of vertical and horizontal maps and discuss their composition rules, with many works.
Yang Hui made a vertical and horizontal diagram, and in 1275, he wrote it into his own mathematical book "Algorithm for Continuing the Ancient and Taking the Odd", which was passed down to later generations. He can be said to be the first mathematician in the world to give such a rich vertical and horizontal diagram and discuss its composition law. In addition to this achievement, Yang Hui also made a major contribution, that is, the "Yang Hui Triangle".
Yang Hui Triangle-Binomial Array
"Yang Hui Triangle" arranges the characters in the picture into a big triangle. The numbers on both waists are 1, and the rest is equal to the sum of the above two numbers.
Starting from the second line, each line of numbers in this big triangle corresponds to a set of binomial expansion coefficients. The following interview gives an example:
The third line, 1, 3,3, 1, these four numbers just correspond to (x+1) 3 = x3+3x2+3x+1;
For another example, the fourth line corresponds to (x+1) 4 = x4+4x3+6x2+4x+1. And so on.
In addition to the above achievements, Yang Hui also wrote books such as Daily Algorithm, Multiplication and Division, Changing Background, and Field-to-Field Method of Multiplication and Division, which provided extremely important information for future generations to understand the mathematical outlook at that time.
Yang Hui's works have greatly enriched the treasure house of ancient mathematics in China and made outstanding contributions to the development of mathematical science. He deserves to be one of the "four great masters in Song and Yuan Dynasties".