Liang Qichao (1873-1929), a modern thinker and one of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898. The courtesy name is Zhuoru, the nickname is Ren Gong, and the other name is the owner of the ice-drinking room. A native of Xinhui, Guangdong. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since he was a child, and passed the national examination in 1889. In 1890, he went to Beijing to take the examination and failed. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed through Shanghai and saw "Yinghuan Zhilue" which introduced world geography and Western books translated by the Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which opened my eyes. In the same year, he met Kang Youwei and became his disciple. In 1891, he studied at Wanmu Thatched Cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and doctrines, and embarked on the path of reform and reform. He was collectively known as "Kang Liang" at that time. In the spring of 1895, he went to Beijing again to take the examination, and assisted Kang Youwei in launching a "public petition" for candidates taking the examination in Beijing. During the reform movement, Liang Qichao was active. He once took charge of the editorial affairs of Beijing's "Global Gazette" (later renamed "China and Foreign Journal") and Shanghai's "Shiwu Bao", and went to Macau to organize the "Knowledge News". Many of his political comments had a great influence on society. In 1897, he served as the chief teacher of Changsha Current Affairs School and promoted reform ideas in Hunan. He returned to Beijing in 1898 and actively participated in the "Hundred Days Reform". In July, he was summoned by Emperor Guangxu and ordered to submit his "General Discussion on Reform", and was awarded the rank of Sixth Grade. He was responsible for handling the affairs of the Translation and Bookstore of the Capital University Hall. In September, the coup occurred. Liang Qichao fled to Japan and had contact with the revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in Japan, he successively founded "Qing Yi Bao" and "Xin Min Cong Bao" to advocate reform and oppose revolution. At the same time, he also introduced a large number of Western social and political theories, which had a great influence on the intellectuals at that time. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he tried to make the revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai and accepted Yuan's wishes. He merged the Democratic Party with the Communist Party and the United Party, reorganized the Progressive Party, and competed with the Kuomintang for political power. In 1913, the Progressive Party's "Talent Cabinet" was established, and Liang Qichao served as the Chief Justice. Yuan Shikai's ambition to become emperor was increasingly exposed. Liang Qichao opposed Yuan's claim to be emperor, and planned with Cai E to rebel against Yuan by force. At the end of 1915, the War to Protect the Country broke out in Yunnan. In 1916, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi, actively participated in the anti-Yuan struggle, and made important contributions to the rise and development of the national defense movement. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao served as the Chief of Finance and Supervisor of the General Administration of Salt Affairs of the Beiyang Government controlled by Duan Qirui. In September, Sun Yat-sen launched a war to protect the Dharma. In November, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also resigned and retired from politics. At the end of 1918, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned personally about many problems and shortcomings of Western society. After returning to China, he preached that Western civilization was bankrupt, advocated the promotion of traditional culture, and used the "inherent civilization" of the East to "save the world." Liang Qichao is also a famous scholar. He has a wide range of interests and is knowledgeable. He has profound attainments in many fields such as literature, history, philosophy, and Buddhism. From 1901 to 1902, he wrote "Narrative of Chinese History" and "New Historiography" successively, criticizing feudal historiography and launching a "historical revolution". After returning from his trip to Europe, he focused his energy on cultural education and academic research activities, and wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "History of Pre-Qin Political Thought", "Methods for Researching Chinese History", "History of Chinese Culture" " and other works of high academic value. He wrote extensively throughout his life and left behind a collection of "The Ice Drinking Room" with a total of 148 volumes and more than 10 million words. In academic research, he has covered a wide range of subjects, including Chinese and Western studies, including ancient and modern times. He has made achievements in the fields of philosophy, literature, history, classics, law, ethics, religion, etc., and is most famous for his historical research achievements. He wrote many works in his life, totaling more than ten million words, and has many collections of works, among which "The Collection of Drinking Ice Room" is relatively complete.
He returned to China in 1912 and traveled to Europe from 1918 to 1920. After returning to China, he spared no effort in lecturing and writing. His research focused on pre-Qin scholars, Qing Dynasty scholarship, history and Buddhism. He started teaching part-time at Tsinghua School in 1922. In 1925, he was appointed as a tutor at the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. His scope of guidance included "Philosophers", "History of Chinese Buddhism", "Academic History of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties", "Academic History of the Qing Dynasty", "Chinese Literature", "History of Chinese Philosophy", "History of China", "Historical Research Methods", "Confucian Philosophy", "History of East-West Exchange", etc. During this period, he wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Mozi's Cases", "Research Methods of Chinese History", "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "The Love Sage Du Fu", "Research on Qu Yuan", "Pre-Qin Political Thought" "History", "History of Chinese Culture", etc. His main works are included in "Collected Works of Drinking Ice Room". In 1927, he left Tsinghua Research Institute. Died of illness in 1929. Liang Qichao introduced Western culture and new literary concepts in literary theory, and initiated the innovation of various literary styles in modern times.
There are also many achievements in literary creation: prose, poetry, novels, operas and translated literature are all published in the world, and prose has the greatest influence.
Liang Qichao (1873--1929): courtesy name Zhuoru, nickname Ren Gong, alias Xinmin of China, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong, and was elected in the 15th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1889). Famous politician and writer in modern times. He became a prominent figure in history because of his participation in the Reform Movement of 1898. After 1920, Liang Qichao separated from political activities and concentrated on academic research. He wrote many works in literature, history, philosophy and other aspects. In terms of calligraphy art, Liang Qichao studied Ouyang Xun in his early years, and later studied from Kang Youwei, and followed the inscriptions of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he was completely different from Kang Youwei. If Kang Youwei's calligraphy is compared to the sound of tide in the sea, then Liang Qichao's calligraphy is like the clear spring in the mountain stream. Kang Youwei pursued a powerful and broad style, while Liang Qichao's calligraphy displayed a typical peaceful and tranquil style.
One year old: Guiyou was born in Chakeng Village, Xinhui, on the 26th of the first lunar month (February 23rd in the Gregorian calendar) in the twelfth year of Tongzhi in 1873.
At the age of five, in the third year of Guangxu's reign in 1877, Ding Chou was taught to read the Four Books and Five Classics by his grandfather and mother.
Twelve years old, 1884, the 10th year of Guangxu's reign, he was selected as a scholar in the Guangzhou Boy Examination.
Sixteen years old, 1888, the 14th year of Guangxu's reign, Wuzi was a regular student of Guangzhou Xuehaitang and an outside student of Jupo, Yuexiu and Yuehua academies.
Eighteen years old, 1890, the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Maoyin. After being introduced by Chen Qianqiu, he studied under Kang Youwei.
Nineteen years old, Xin Mao, the 17th year of Guangxu's reign in 1891, went to Beijing to marry Li Huixian.
Twenty years old, 1891, the 18th year of Guangxu's reign, Renchen's grandfather died and he returned to his hometown for more than a year.
Twenty-three years old, the 21st year of Guangxu's reign in 1895, Yiwei followed Kang Youwei to the imperial examination in Beijing and failed. Participate in organizing "Bus Call". Help create a strong society.
Twenty-four years old. In 1896, the 22nd year of Guangxu, Bingshen organized the "Current Affairs News" and served as the editor-in-chief. He published articles such as "General Discussion on Reform" and became famous.
Twenty-five years old, in the 23rd year of 1897, Ding You was the chief teacher of Hunan Current Affairs School. Participated in the establishment of the Foot-Binding Free Association and the Girls' School.
Twenty-six years old, 1898, the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, 1898. Participated in the "Hundred Days of Reform", and was awarded the title of Sixth Grade by Emperor Guangxu, and was ordered to set up a translation bookstore. After the August coup, he fled to Japan, interacted with Chen Shaobai, and negotiated cooperation with the Xingzhong Society, but Kang Youwei blocked him. Editor-in-chief of "Qingyibo" in Yokohama.
Twenty-seven years old, the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, 1899. In July, Datong University was established in Tokyo, Japan.
Twenty-eight years old. In the 26th year of Guangxu in 1900, Gengzi launched the "Qinwang Movement" with Kang Youwei, Kang Caichang and others, but it failed.
Thirty years old. In 1902, the 28th year of Guangxu's reign, Renyin "Qing Yi Bao" ceased publication, and founded "Xinmin Congbao" and "New Novel Newspaper" to advocate "revolution in the novel industry".
Thirty-five years old. At the end of Ding Dynasty, the 33rd year of Guangxu's reign in 1907, "Xinmin Congbao" ceased publication and the Political News Society was established.
Forty years old, in 1912, the first year of the Republic of China, Renzi returned from Japan and founded Yongyan Bao.
Forty-one-year-old Guichou joined the Communist Party and the Party in 1913, the second year of the Republic of China. Xiong Xiling's cabinet was established. Served as Attorney General.
Forty-three years old, 1915, the fourth year of the Republic of China, Yimao founded the monthly magazine "Greater China". President of Cibi Bureau. I went back to my hometown to visit relatives in April. In June, he wrote "Guo Zai's So-called National System Problem" to criticize Yuan for proclaiming himself emperor, and went south to engage in the movement to overthrow Yuan.
Forty-four years old, 1916, the fifth year of the Republic of China, Bingchen launched a rebellion against Yuan in Shanghai. Arriving in Guangxi in March, he mobilized Guangxi to declare independence. In Zhaoli, he established the Guangdong and Guangxi headquarters of the National Defense Army and served as staff officer. Later, the Military Affairs Council was established and he served as Fujun and Chairman of the Political Affairs Council.
Forty-five years old. In July of the sixth year of the Republic of China, 1917, Ding Ji participated in Duan Qirui's opposition to Zhang Xun's restoration. He was appointed as Duan Qirui, Chief Financial Officer of the Cabinet, and was dismissed in November.
Forty-seven years old, 1919, the eighth year of the Republic of China, at the end of the year, I visited various European countries.
Fifty years old, 1922, the eleventh year of the Republic of China, Renxu went to Beijing, Jinan, Suzhou, Shanghai and other places to give lectures.
Fifty-three-year-old In 1925, the 14th year of the Republic of China, Yi Chou lectured at the Tsinghua Research Institute and became the director of the Capital Library.
Fifty-seven years old, in the 18th year of the Republic of China, 1929, he died of kidney disease in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on January 19th. A memorial service was held in Beijing and Shanghai, with many participants.
Liang Qichao had two wives in his life: Li Huixian and Wang Guiquan. In 1889 (the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liang Qichao, who was only 17 years old, passed the imperial examination and was engaged to Li Huixian, the cousin of the examiner Li Duanfen. In 1891 (the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Liang Qichao entered Beijing when he was 19 years old and married a woman who was four years older than him. Li Huixian got married. After marriage, the relationship between the couple has been very good. When Li Huixian married Liang Qichao, she brought two maids with her. One of them was Wang Guiquan. Wang Guiquan was smart and diligent, and was deeply liked by the Liang family. In 1903, she became Liang Qichao's concubine. On September 13, 1924, Li Huixian passed away due to illness, for which Liang Qichao wrote an emotional "Essay in Honor of Mrs. Liang". During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1968, Wang Guiquan was separated from his children and died in a dark cabin.
Liang Qichao*** has 9 children: Sishun, Sicheng, Siyong, Sizhong, Sizhuang, Sida, Siyi, Sining, and Sili. Among them, Sishun, Sicheng, Sizhuang was born to Mrs. Li, and Siyong, Sizhong, Sida, Siyi, Sining and Sili were born to Mrs. Wang. Many of them later became outstanding talents.
Liang Sishun (Ling Xian) (1893-1966), the eldest daughter.
Liang Sicheng (1901-1972), the eldest son, a famous architect, was elected as the first academician (humanities group) of Academia Sinica in March 1948; his wife is Lin Huiyin.
Liang Siyong (1904-1954), the second son, was a famous archaeologist. In March 1948, he was elected as the first academician (humanities group) of Academia Sinica.
Liang Sizhong (1907-1932), the third son, served as the artillery school officer of the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang. He died early due to illness.
Liang Sizhuang (1908-1986), the second daughter, was a famous librarian.
Liang Sida (1912-), the fourth son, has been engaged in economic research for a long time.
Liang Siyi (1914-1988), the third daughter, was engaged in social activities.
Liang Sining (born in 1916), the fourth daughter, defected to the New Fourth Army to participate in the Chinese revolution. Now retired, living in Jinan, Shandong.
Liang Sili (1924-), fifth son, is a famous rocket control system expert. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993.