Fu Shan
Fu Shan, (1607-1684), whose courtesy name was Qingzhu, later changed to Qingzhu, had many nicknames, such as Gong Ta, Gong Zhi Ta, Zhu Yi Taoren, Shi Daoren, Selu, Qiaohuang, Qiaosong, etc., to name but a few. Yangqu people. At the age of six, he ate Polygonatum japonica and did not eat grains. He was strong enough to eat rice. Reading becomes a memory. In the coming season, the world will be in chaos. Those who are called Mr. Gentlemen will be mostly pedantic and insignificant. They will be angry, but they will persist in their integrity, and there will be many cowards. Yuan Jixian was falsely accused by the inspector Zhang Sunzhen. Sunzhen was also an eunuch. Cao Liangzhi, a classmate of Shanyue, and others went to the political envoy and wrote three letters to sue him. The governor Wu Di also went to Yuan, and he won the favor. The mountain became known by this name. After Jiashen, the mountain changed into a yellow crown and red clothes, and lived in a cave to raise his mother. Following Xian's return from Jiujiang to Yan's mansion, he found it difficult to write poems in Yishan, and said: "I dare not be ashamed of my friends!" Shan Shengshu, crying, said: "Oh! I dare not betray the public!"
In the eleventh year of Shunzhi, he was arrested for being implicated in the Henan Prison. He refused to give in and was sentenced to death for nine days and almost died. One of the disciples used a strange trick to save him, and he was saved. However, the mountain is deep and the enemy hates it, saying that it would be better to die quickly, but it does not stop looking up at the sky and looking down at the earth. He is more settled than the world, and then he goes out to meet people.
In the 17th year of Kangxi's reign, Hongbo was promoted to Li Zongkong, who was involved in the matter. Someone forced him to do so, and even ordered his servant to break his bed. Twenty miles to the capital, I will not enter until I die. The great scholar Feng Pu first passed by, and when the official arrived, he was lying in bed in the mountains without any gifts to welcome him. Wei Xiangshu heard that he was old and sick, so he ordered him to be exempted from the examination and added a letter to the cabinet to favor him. Feng Pu forced him to enter Xie and sent someone to help him enter. When he saw the Qing Gate, he fell to the ground with tears streaming down his face. Wei Xiangshu came in and said: "Stop, stop, thank you now!" When Yi Ri returned, Pu and the following people went out of the city to see him off. Shan sighed and said: "From now on, I will be relieved without any tiredness!" Then he said: "I will make future generations vainly promise Heng, Liu Yin will be a good man to me, and he will die without closing his eyes!" Those who heard it were speechless. When I got home, the official built a house and asked to visit him. Shan Dongxia wears a cloth and calls himself "Min". Or say: "Don't you abandon others?" It shouldn't be. After death, wear red clothes and yellow crowns. Shan Gong, a calligrapher and painter, said: "Books would rather be clumsy than skillful, ugly rather than charming, detached rather than slippery, and sincere and forthright rather than arranged."
People say this is not a book that only contains words. When Han Changli first learned poetry, he was pleased with his rise to power. Later, he wrote letters, haiku and common sayings, all of which were incorporated into his writing. This is not the original name of this famous artist. He is the author of twelve volumes of Shuang Hong Ni Collection. Zimei is the first to die, and the poem is also attached. Eyebrow, the word is Shoumao. I go out to cut wood every day, put books on the load, and read when I have a rest. In the mountains, medicines are often sold in all directions. I pull a cart with my sister-in-law. At dusk, I arrive at the rebel brigade, and teach scriptures, mechanics, and stepfather's ambitions by bonfire. I can't stop talking about Zhongzhou literature with my guests. Shan likes bitter wine and calls himself Lao Zhen Chan, while his eyebrows are called Xiao Zhen Chan.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in Yangqu County, Taiyuan Prefecture (today's Taiyuan City), located in the hinterland of Shanxi Province, a famous figure who was versatile, honest, thoughtful, and ambitious came out. His deeds and life are not found in official historical records. Even in the county and government annals that specifically record local historical traces, there are only a few words about him. However, his reputation and influence are quite large and profound. It is no exaggeration to say that he is almost a household name in the Taiyuan area and even the three Jin Dynasties, known to all women and children, and he is quite popular among the people. It is well-known throughout Shanxi and even the whole country, and it is second to none. He is Fu Shan - Fu Qingzhu, a man with lofty ideals and benevolence during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Fu Shan was born in a family of officials and scholars, and his family had a long history of academics. His ancestors were famous for seven or eight generations, and they were famous scholars in "Zuo Zhuan" and "Han Shu". His great-grandfather Fu Chaoxuan was a guest of honor and chief executive officer of Ninghua Prefecture. His grandfather Fu Lin was an official in the Shandong Council and Liaohai military preparation, and had considerable political achievements. His father Fu Zimo did not serve in official positions throughout his life and was good at academic research. When Fu Shan was young, he received a strict family education. He was well-read and memorized. After reading it several times, he could recite it. At the age of 15, he became a doctoral student, and at the age of 20, he took the advanced examination. Later, he studied at Sanli Academy and received guidance and teachings from Shanxi Tixue Yuan Jixian. He was one of Yuan's favored disciples.
Yuan Jixian was an upright minister of Xianzhi in the late Ming Dynasty. When he studied in Shanxi, he rectified the academic style of Sanli Academy with the spiritual purpose of "strict legislation and broad intentions", and selected talents in an eclectic way. He attached great importance to the education of articles and integrity, which had a profound influence on Fu Shan. Fu Shan was also proud of his academic excellence and integrity in the Yuan family. Yuan Jixian once served as the minister of the Ministry of War in the imperial court. Because he was an honest official, upright and outspoken, he offended the powerful Wei Zhongxian and others, and was demoted to Shanxi Tixian.
Emperor Kangxi was not angry when faced with Fu Shan's move. Instead, he expressed his desire to "treat officials with courtesy" and issued an edict: "Fu Shan is a well-educated writer. In view of his old age, he will be specially granted a letter to the cabinet and written for local officials to ask questions."
After Fu Shan returned from Beijing and merged with him, all the local officials went to visit him after hearing the news and addressed him as a secretary in the cabinet. In response, Fu Shan lowered his head and closed his eyes, saying nothing and taking it calmly. Dai, the magistrate of Yangqu County, was ordered to hang a plaque of "Fengge Pulun" on the door of his house, but Fu Shan refused sternly and unceremoniously. He still calls himself a citizen and lives in the countryside. He is like a fire and water with the government, which shows his character and integrity of "high ambition and high wind, calm as a stone".
In terms of academics and academic thoughts, Fu Shan's cultural articles all tracked the progressive ideological trends at that time. Especially in the first half of his life when the Ming Dynasty came to an end, his thoughts had a strong progressive tendency and did not pay attention to At that time, scholars tended to emphasize Neo-Confucianism. He praised the academic thought of Li Zhi, who had a new revolutionary spirit and was regarded as a scourge by the rulers of the Ming Dynasty, and the writing style of Liu Chenweng, Yang Shen, Zhong Xing and other high-ranking and modest people. He has a clear understanding of the political corruption and dirty officialdom in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Qing army entered Guan and the Ming Dynasty was overthrown, Fu Shan changed the research scope of ordinary scholars in the early Qing Dynasty, which was centered on Confucian classics. Instead, he developed a unique approach to the study of Confucianism, breaking through the fetters of the emphasis on Confucianism since the Song and Ming Dynasties, and opening up new academic research. field and became the originator of studying and treating various scholars after the Qing Dynasty. As for Fu Shan's poetry, he inherited the patriotic tradition since Qu Yuan and Du Fu. He advocated that poetry should be "born of integrity" and should be measured by whether it is beneficial to the country and the nation. Fu Shan wrote prolifically throughout his life, but unfortunately most of his grand treatises were lost. Only the titles of books and chapters remain. Only two volumes, "Shuang Hong Ni Ji Ji" and "Yun of the Names of the Two Han Dynasties", have survived in the world.
In terms of poetry, literature, calligraphy, and painting, Fu Shan was good at learning and using them, and he had profound attainments. Among the Confucian scholars in the early Qing Dynasty, no one could surpass him in the breadth of his knowledge field and the magnitude of his achievements. Fu Shan's calligraphy was respected by people at the time as "the first calligrapher in the early Qing Dynasty". He wrote about Yan Zhenqing, and summed up the experience of "better to be clumsy than clever, to be ugly rather than charming, to be detached than to be slippery, to be straightforward rather than arranged." His paintings have also reached a high artistic level. His paintings of landscapes, plum blossoms, orchids, bamboos, etc. are all exquisite and ranked among the best. "Painting Records" says: "Fu Qing mainly paints landscapes, with few scratches, hills, valleys and Leike. He wins with bones, and the ink bamboo also has energy." His calligraphy and paintings are permeated with his aloof character and noble integrity, and overflow with patriotism. The breath of Chinese classical calligraphy and painting has won high praise from future generations.
Fu Shan also made great achievements in medicine. He has high skills in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery, especially gynecology. His medical works "Fu's Women's Medicine" and "Secrets of Qingsang" are still circulating in the world and benefiting people. Fu Shan attached great importance to medical ethics and treated patients equally regardless of whether they were rich or poor. Under the same circumstances, the poor were given priority. For those wealthy people or officials with a bad reputation who came to seek medical treatment, they politely declined. He explained this as: ""When good people suffer from good diseases, they have their own good doctors and good medicines, and those who are high-spirited cannot cure them; when barbarians suffer from barbaric diseases, they have their own barbarian doctors and medicines, and upright people cannot cure them. ”
As an intellectual in feudal society, Fu Shan showed his perseverance and fighting spirit throughout his life. His character and integrity “cannot be lewd when rich and noble, cannot be moved by poverty and lowly, and cannot be surrendered by force” However, due to the limitations of the times and the obstruction of orthodox ideas, his patriotism was mixed with strong feudal orthodoxy; his nationalist ideas were all marked by Han chauvinism. , these should attract the attention of today's scholars and researchers.
At the beginning of the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), Fu Shan's beloved son Fu Mei suddenly passed away, and Fu Shan, who was getting older and entering his final years, was sad. Unexpectedly, he could no longer withstand such a blow, and soon passed away at the age of 77.
As the hometown of Mr. Fu Shan, the people of Shanxi always have high respect and memory for him. 2007. In this year, on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Fu Shan, Shanxi Museum, which currently has the largest collection of Mr. Fu Shan's ink paintings in China, has joined forces with Jinci Museum, the Palace Museum, Shanghai Museum, Liaoning Provincial Museum, Tianjin Museum and other large cultural and museum collection units to collect the previous collections. The calligraphy and painting works of Mr. Wang who are scattered all over the country are gathered together for a centralized display.
This is the first time in 300 years that many of Mr. Tezawa's treasures have returned to their hometown. It is also an unprecedented gathering of Mr. Fu Shan's works. This is a grand event to commemorate Mr. Fu Shan. It is tentatively scheduled to open around September 25, 2007, and will be on display for three months.
The medical books handed down from ancient times include "Fu Qingzhu Women's Medicine", "Fu Qingzhu Men's Medicine", "Fu Shi's Young Medicine", etc., which had a certain influence on later generations, especially "Fu Qingzhu Women's Medicine", which was the main handed down book in the Qing Dynasty. Monographs on Obstetrics and Gynecology. It is said that "Fu Qingzhu Nvke" is an excerpt from Chen Shiduo's "Diagnosis of Syndrome" and other medical books, and it is a pseudonymous work. However, from the "Medical Manuscripts" left by him, it can be seen that it is the "menstrual regulation" part of "Fu Qingzhu Nvke". He also wrote Prescriptions for Major and Small Diseases (1673). According to the Xu of Gu Yanwu (1673), "My friend Mr. Fu Qingzhu has a volume on women's medicine, a volume on pediatrics, and a volume on miscellaneous diseases in men's medicine." It can be seen that the above medical books were indeed written by Fu.