How to make a brush? Where are famous writing brushes usually made?

Brush Brush, a traditional writing tool, originated in China. It is listed as one of Four Treasures of the Study in China. The picture shows that several kinds of writing brushes in stationery stores originated around BC 1600- 1066. There are different opinions about the origin of writing brush in history. The story of writing brush made by Montaigne is the most recorded in history, but modern scholars believe that writing brush existed before Montaigne. The original brush was used to describe Oracle Bone Inscriptions's strokes, but the real brush writing may begin with the words on bamboo slips and tapestries. The classification of brushes mainly depends on the size, as well as the type, source and shape of bristles. * According to the size, brushes can be simply divided into: lower case, middle case and upper case. * According to the O type of bristles: soft hair, hard hair, double-stranded brush, etc. O source: tire brush, wolf brush, rabbit shoulder brush, deer brush, chicken brush, duck brush, wool brush, pig brush, mouse brush, tiger brush, ox ear brush, etc. (1) Ranunculus. This pen is made of goat hair. Wool pen is soft in texture and absorbs a large amount of ink, which is suitable for writing with round and solid stippling. More durable than a wolf's brush. Most of these pens are lake pens, which are relatively cheap. Generally, there are big pens, Jingti (or pen lifting), Lianfeng, Feng Ping, Ding Feng, Gaifeng, flagpole, Jade Bamboo Shoots, Yulanrui and Jingzha. (2) Wolf brush. This pen is made of the hair on the tail of a weasel. Rat tails produced in Northeast China are the most common, and they are called Beilanghao and Guandong Liao Wei. Wolf hair is stronger than wool pen and suitable for writing and drawing, but it is not as durable as wool pen and more expensive. Common varieties are Zhu Lan, freehand brushwork, landscape, flowers, Ye Jin, costume patterns, red beans, small seiko, deer and wolf hair calligraphy and painting (made of wolf hair and deer hair), leopard and wolf hair (made of wolf hair and leopard hair), special long-peak wolf hair, super long-peak wolf hair and so on. (3) font size. The writing pen is made of rabbit hair, so it is named for its purple, black and bright colors. This pen is tall and straight, sharp and sharp, and it is more elastic than a wolf's hair. Anwei's rabbit hair is the best. (4) Double-sided brush. This pen is made of two kinds of animal hair with different hardness and softness. Common varieties are double-stranded brush, wolf sheep, double-stranded brush and purple sheep, such as five-purple five-sheep and seven-purple three-sheep. This pen has the advantages of both sheep and wolves, moderate rigidity and moderate price, and is commonly used by painters and painters. There are two types: harmonic type and quilt type. O-shape: round, pointed, etc. * Pencil holders made of gold, silver, ivory, glass, mahogany and bamboo. At present, the most famous place of origin of brush is Lake Pen in Shanlian Town, Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province, which is called Lake Pen. History 1954 Changsha Zuogongshan 15 A well-preserved brush was unearthed from the Chu tomb in the middle of the Warring States Period. Using wood as a pole and putting wool on it with a bamboo tube is the original writing brush. Legend has it that Meng Tian, a general in Qin Dynasty, invented the brush calligraphy, which first trapped wool in the pen tip and stuffed it into the hole of the pen holder. The improvement of Meng Tian's brush is of great significance to the formation of Xiao Zhuan. Unlike the big seal, the small seal has twists and turns, which are beyond the reach of hard objects. It should be written with a brush. Meng Tian was the ancestor of the pen-making industry in later generations. In the pre-Qin period, the brush had many names, such as "Yu", "Irregular" and "Fu", which were later collectively referred to as "Pen". It is recorded in Miscellanies of Xijing that the brush used by Emperor Gaozu was inlaid with precious stones, which were made of autumn rabbit hair. On pen * Wen Zhenheng: "Sharp", "neat", "round" and "healthy" are the four virtues of pen. * Zhang Daqian. Zhang Daqian said that a watercolor pen made in England is very valuable. It is made of fine hair from the ears of cattle in a certain place in England. Only 2500 cows can produce a catty of yellow cattle ears. The brush made of cow hair has strong water absorption and elasticity. * Pan Tianshou: wool is round and delicate, with strong water content, and the pen tip is slow to write. It uses dry ink and wet ink, each with its own advantages. The classification and performance of brushes have a long history in China. It is said that Meng Tian, the general who was sent by Qin Shihuang to build the Great Wall, was made of Zhongshan rabbit hair. Although this legend is unreliable, it also has certain basis. Judging from 1954, the Warring States writing brush unearthed in Zuogongshan, Changsha, is indeed made of rabbit hair. But this kind of pen is different from the present one. Its nib is made of rabbit hair wrapped around a bamboo tube, hemp and lacquer juice. This pen is strong and suitable for writing. This is the earliest existing writing brush in China. Later, with the development of calligraphy and painting, pen-making technology also developed. According to the needs of users, pen artists tried various animal hairs as raw materials, such as deer hair, badger hair, pig hair, chicken feathers, rabbit hair, wool, ferret hair and so on. As a result, they found that rabbit hair, weasel hair and wool have the best performance, and they have been widely used since then, becoming the three major raw materials for pen making. According to different raw materials and properties, brushes can be divided into three types: bristles, bristles and double brushes. Hard brushes are purple brushes made of old rabbit neck hair and wolf brushes made of weasel tail hair, both of which are brown, hard and elastic, and have less water storage, and the drawn lines are vigorous and smooth. In landscape painting, the vertical trunk, branches, hooked leaves and pointed leaves of trees, and the outline and extension of fine lines such as rocks, houses, figures, boats, bridges, water waves and waterfalls need to be expressed with strong elasticity. Soft brush made of sheep hair is soft and has strong water storage capacity. Landscape painting is often rendered with it. Rice-dotted landscape and splash-ink landscape are also commonly used sheep hair, which can receive the effect of full pen and ink. Double brush is made of hard hair and soft hair. There are purple wolf hair, purple wool, chicken wolf hair and other varieties. The hardness is between wolf hair and wool, which can be selected according to personal habits and needs. In addition, according to the length of strokes, the brush has different performances such as long strokes, middle strokes and short strokes. Long front is easy to draw beautiful lines, short front is easy to make lines dignified and heavy, and it is appropriate to draw mountains and rivers with centers. According to the size of the nib, brushes are divided into three types: small, medium and large. All kinds of landscapes should be prepared. Generally, a small landscape, a big landscape, a little white cloud and a big white cloud, and a bigger bucket pen will do. How sharp the new pen is, it is only suitable for drawing thin lines, and the effect of rubbing, wiping and knocking the old pen is good. Some painters like to use a bald pen, and the dotted line is not vigorous and simple. A good brush has four characteristics: round, neat, sharp and healthy, and it is handy to use. Brush should be cleaned in time after use to avoid dry ink damage. In the history of pen-making in China, there are two centers: Xu Anbi (Xuancheng, Anhui) and Hubi (Huzhou, Zhejiang). Now the brushes produced in Shanghai, Suzhou, Beijing, Chengdu and other places also enjoy high reputation.