Second, the authenticity of the mother-in-law tattoo. This is an educational story that has been circulated among the people for a long time. According to a gentleman on the phone, the descendants of Yue Fei can accept remarriage with his ex-wife Liu, but can't accept tattoos without her mother-in-law. In fact, purely emotionally, why am I willing to deny this story that is still inspiring China people's patriotic enthusiasm? But unfortunately, there is no record of this matter in the Chronicle of the King of Hubei written by Yue Fei and Sun, only the following notes in Volume 9 of Compilation of the King of Hubei:
Records of filial piety, disturbed by the northern territory. His mother ordered him to join the army and serve his country, but he couldn't bear it. After repeated interest, I had to stay with my wife and foster mother and cross the river from Emperor Gaozong alone. Hebei is trapped, lost and stolen, and the voice is completely separated. I've been asking for visits day and night, but I haven't got them for years. A visitor from my mother in Russia said, "My mother sent me a postscript:' Speak for me, encourage the son of heaven, and don't think about my old age.' "Is secretly sent to meet them, resistance to coach busy, nine times out of ten, and then return. My first minister was filled with tears and thanked me for being unfilial.
It can be seen that although my mother-in-law is an ordinary peasant woman, she understands the important principles deeply, which is enough to make people respect for this record alone. The record of backstab's four words "serving the country faithfully" only exists in the History of Song Dynasty (volume 380) and Biography of He Zhu. When interrogating Yue Fei:
Flying naked and showing his back, the word "loyalty to the country" written by Lao Nie goes deep into the skin.
This shows that the tattoo on Yue Fei's back has been around for years. Of course, the two most original records cited above cannot provide proof of mother-in-law's tattoo. It stands to reason that my mother-in-law, as an ordinary peasant woman, was generally afraid of illiteracy, and tattooing was a specialized craft at that time. In the eighth chapter of The Water Margin, it is said that Lin Chong "stabbed the army state far away" and "called a writer and stabbed him in the cheek". Yang Zhi was sentenced for the twelfth time, which was also "calling the scribe to stab two lines of gold seals, overlapping with the left-behind department of Daming House in Beijing, in order to serve as an army", indicating that not everyone in the Song Dynasty could tattoo people casually. I wrote the historical novel "Jing Kang Qi Shame", which is actually a legendary story that I can't bear to completely overthrow my mother-in-law's tattoo. Therefore, describing Yao's brother as a tattoo artist, and Yao specially asked him to get a tattoo, is a last resort and a reasonable fiction. However, we must admit that the mother-in-law's tattoo is a history of faith, even overwhelming. We must always respect the objectivity of historical materials.
Third, the word "Man Jiang Hong" and its age. The dispute over the authenticity of Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" was originally conducted among several famous scholars. My two teachers, Mr Zhang and Mr Deng Guangming, have different views. When I was in college, I was very curious and asked Teacher Deng about the authenticity of the word "Manjianghong". Mr. Deng said that now "Manjianghong" is Yue Fei, and Yue Fei is "Manjianghong". He once persuaded Mr. Xia that there was no need to write words to distinguish fakes. For this reason, he published two articles, especially Re-discussion on whether Yue Fei's Ci "Man Jiang Hong" is false or not, and the second was a special search in Selected Works of Deng Guangming. According to my experience, Mr. Deng's talk at that time emphasized that the word "Manjianghong" really fully reflected and expressed Yue Fei's patriotic feelings. People can question the word "Manjianghong", but there is still not enough evidence to categorically determine that it is forged, which has been demonstrated in Mr. Deng's article. In a CCTV speech, I said that Fei Yuefei couldn't write this word, which actually came from my conversation with Teacher Deng.
However, it would be a pity if Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" was not mentioned in the records of the Song Dynasty. Fortunately, I learned that Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" was a fake because of the "Notes of Yue Fei Ji" given to Mr. Guo Guang by the late senior scholar Wang Yunhai. This article is undoubtedly the most important new progress in the study of Yue Fei's Man Jiang Hong. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Yu wrote "Hua Zuo in Tibetan Meaning", which I also read, using yu zhang series, and compiled the related words into "E Zuo Bian, Continued Proofreading". However, Mr. Guo Guang used the word "Cang" quoted in Shen Xiong's Ancient and Modern Anthrax in Qing Dynasty and Kangxi's (1 17) Imperial Selection of Yu Yu Volume. Compared with the yu zhang series, it is as important as the next paragraph:
(Wu Mu) also wrote "Man Jiang Hong" to show loyalty. He doesn't want to "wait to see the young man's head", so he can understand his heart.
This, of course, provides very strong evidence for judging the authenticity of Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong". Mr. Guo Guang's detailed discussion need not be repeated here, and those who are interested can find it to read. In addition, Pan Yongyin of A Qing Dynasty also likes the following passage in Volume III of Loyalty and Justice:
Wu Xie said: "The concept of dusty night was made up by young people, but it was simply inspired by others." The most work. Wu Mu has the words "Man Jiang Hong": "Rush to the crown in anger, lean against the railing, and rest in the rain. Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce. Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Don't wait to see young people's heads, empty and sad! Jingkang shame, still not snow; When will courtiers hate it? Driving a long car to break through, Helan Mountain is lacking. Aspiring to eat and hate meat (it should be Land Rover, which was tampered with by Qing people), laughing and drinking Hun blood. I will clean up the old mountains and rivers from the beginning and go to the sky. "
Ren Lei Banknotes in Song Dynasty is a collection of all kinds of note novels in Song Dynasty, which are classified into books. None of the four notes of Yue Fei recorded in Volume 3 of this book indicates the source of historical materials. However, according to the current records, the first article was copied from the legacy of the ruling and opposition parties, the second article was copied from the volume of Maple Window, the third article was the above quotation, and the fourth article was copied from the volume of Bi Heng in Tanzhai 18. The first sentence in the three thanks table of Yulu in Helin by Luo Dajing in the Southern Song Dynasty is almost the same as this quotation except that the word "most skilled" is regarded as "very skilled" and the word "yue" is added at the beginning. As you can see, the quotation in the third paragraph above can be roughly judged as another version of Herring Yulu. The last edition of The Continuation of Guo Jin Bay by York in Southern Song Dynasty was the first year of Duanping (A.D. 1234). Luo Dajing's writing time in the preface to Part B of Helu is "Chunyou Xinhai", that is, the eleventh year of Chunyou (AD 125 1). Its completion time is similar to that of Hua Zuo with Cangyi, both after the first year of Duanping, which naturally reflects the new discovery after the compilation and continuation of Guo Jin Bay in Hubei. Now there are two records in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the word "Man Jiang Hong" was written by Yue Fei, so there is no doubt.
However, some people may be skeptical about quoting the works of Song people in Qing Dynasty, and it seems necessary to talk about personal reading experience. For a long time, I have no doubt that people in the Ming Dynasty, especially in the early Ming Dynasty, can still see a large number of Song books that people can't see today. The most obvious example is the remains of Yongle Grand Ceremony. However, there is also a wrong impression. It seems that all the Song books that can be seen in the Qing Dynasty can be seen today. However, with the progress of some research work, this erroneous impression will be corrected. The Tales of Song People compiled by Ding Chuanjing in Qing Dynasty is naturally a book that historians of Song Dynasty read from time to time. However, according to the principle of originality of historical materials, this book can not be cited as historical materials, but can only provide clues, and then check the original records of Song people. In the third volume of this book, I saw Li You's Miscellanies of Ancient Hangzhou, in which a poem satirized Song Gaozong's pigeon-raising behavior. Unexpectedly, I looked up various versions of ancient Hangzhou Miscellaneous Notes, but there was no such poem. Therefore, when I finally finalized the book Song Gaozong, I could only quote the notes on page 148 of Tales of Song People. It can be seen that transferring the works of Song people in Ming and Qing Dynasties is also an important aspect of expanding the search scope of historical materials in Song Dynasty.
But it is impossible to judge the exact creation time of the word "Man Jiang Hong". In my Biography of Yue Fei and historical novels, I tied this word to Shaoxing for four years (A.D. 1 134), after he was promoted to our time. Our era was the most important virtual title for soldiers in the Song Dynasty, which can be compared to being awarded the rank of Marshal now. Yue Fei is by no means an official fan, just like Fu Yuan's poem quoted the people's comments: "When I was a child, I lived in Lianjiang, and my elders frequently said," I can win the battle with my hands, but I just want to live in seclusion. " General Si Changsheng will never be complacent because of his promotion. On the contrary, his promotion will only make him pay more attention to the great cause of the reunification of mountains and rivers, and he will never forget the heavy responsibility he shoulders and the long journey in Xiu Yuan in the future. "Thirty fame, the dust settles, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon" is perhaps the most appropriate word to reflect his mentality at this time. This is my guess at this time, which is still allowed in the study of modern history.
Judging from the meaning of Xiao Zhongshan, another poem by Yue Fei, I think in the annotation on page 98 1 of Ewan Ben and its sequel: "This word should be written in the autumn of August, September, October or November in Shaoxing, reflecting that Yue Fei is opposed to lowering the gold and asking for peace." In biographies and novels, it was before Shaoxing was arrested and imprisoned in the eleventh year (AD 1 14 1). Although it is impossible to have a very exact basis, it is generally acceptable.
Fourth, the manuscript of Yue Fei's book in Volume 4 of the sequel to Maple Post. In Volume 15, York said that his grandfather's writing style was better than that of the Soviet Union, and in Volume 28, he said that "the calligraphy of the former king originated from the Soviet Union" and that "the calligraphy style of the former king (Yue Lin) was influenced by his family and used the Soviet Union more". This should be the only basis for judging the authenticity of Yue Fei's ink. Yue Fei is a strategist. Although he attaches importance to culture and calligraphy, he is not a calligrapher. It is hard to say that it is a scientific attitude to overthrow York's success theory and impose Su Dongpo's calligraphy on Yue Fei.
"Book Seal" is an authentic work of celebrity calligraphy compiled at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, including three letters from Yue Fei, which is now treasured in Shanghai Library. Its photocopy was published in the eighth issue of Cultural Relics 196 1, so it is unnecessary to record its words in this paper. Mr. Xu Senyu, a senior scholar, published the article "Jade Ancient Terrace Post and Maple Tree Post" in this issue of Cultural Relics, and affirmed: "Yue Fei's handwriting in the maple tree post is authentic Su Dongpo style." However, I have also noticed that Mr. Deng Guangming is more cautious about this. On the 99th page of Yue Fei Biography (revised edition), he said: "Yue Fei's youth is not bound by calligraphy, so the letters and slips sent by his military camp must be ghosted by aides. Maybe the three signatures in this book were written by Yue Fei himself. " However, Mr. Xu Senyu has determined that the handwriting is Su Dongpo, which is consistent with York's theory. In the absence of any reference objects, we might as well be lenient and decide that these three letters are Yue Fei's handwriting, which should not violate the scientific attitude. With the original of this book post, we can easily identify the authenticity of Yue Fei's ink passed down from generation to generation.
Ding Yazheng and Shen Lixin's "Epitaph No.5 of Yuefei Tomb Temple" is an inscription on a book list on pages 42-44 of "Maple Tree Post", and it is explained. The word "worship" in Yue Fei's bamboo slips is cursive, and the inscription on Yue Fei's tomb temple is interpreted as "line". In my catalogue "Loyalty to the Country-A New Biography of Yue Fei", according to the Collection of Song and Yue Wang Hua compiled by Qian Ruwen in Qing Dynasty, it is also interpreted as "line". Mr. Chunyu of Wang Meng pointed out that he asked the calligrapher that the cursive script of "worship" could be written in this shape, but the characters of "worship" and "line" could not be used, and it is now corrected. York's Bao Fa Shu Zan (Volume 28) and E Guo Shu Tie recorded eleven letters of Yue Fei and three posts published in Feng Shu Tie, which can be said to be the only three original works besides Bao Fa Shu Zan.
Five, "Feng Langzhong miscellaneous" post. The inscriptions on Yuefei Tomb Temple are published on pages 33 to 35 with explanations. The inscription reads as follows:
Fly to consult the eyes, nodded and then worship on the base of the doctor. This day is just to enrich things, calm the gods and wait for the stage to stop hail. Learning from yu zhang is a great comfort. A lot of things have to be taken care of, but unfortunately I didn't do it. Our army is short of money and food recently. Today, the official Buddha Zhang was specially invited to see the sincere face of Zeng Cao. Because of his trip, he waited for a question. Fortunately, he survived. I can't help but see that only a few people are in charge of their own country, that is, they are arrogant and don't declare it. Fly to consult the eyes, nodded and then worship on the base of the doctor.
According to the explanation, the "Zeng" of "Zeng Cao" is suspected to be a mistake of "respect". According to historical records, during the three or four years in Shaoxing, Zeng Gui was the "Minister of Communications" of Jiangnan West Road. Vi shows that the word "Zeng" is correct, especially at the beginning of the third year of Shaoxing (AD 1 133), Yue Jiajun was once very short of money and food. "Official" is the official business of Yue Jiajun, also known as official business. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 134), Zhang Dan served as a "martial doctor" and "official" in the Yuejia Army. The official doctor Zhang mentioned in the letter of VII may be this person. The handwriting of this post is obviously different from the three originals. However, according to Mr. Deng Guangming's thinking and discussion, it is not difficult to see that the two "Fei" signatures in this post are the same as the first three originals. So this post should be ghostwritten by the staff, and Yue Fei personally signed two words with the word "fly".
Six, "check the text" and "with Zhao Zhong" two posts. Two inscriptions were published on page 36-4 1 in the inscription of Yuefei Tomb Temple. There is no need to record two complete posts here. From the content, it seems impeccable. In the Song Dynasty, the word "xianggong" was a title of respect for senior officials such as domination, and it could not be abused. The bachelor or university student of Guanwendian was awarded this honorary title after Zaizhi was dismissed from office. The previous post called "Encourage Sergeant to Go to Huaiyin", called Yin to the south of the water, and Shaoxing helped Huaixi in winter for four years. In addition, Shaoxing sent troops twice in the sixth year (A.D. 1 136) and the eleventh year (A.D. 1 14 1), but it was impossible. Textual research on the Qing Dynasty in Yue Fei's letters to Li Gang. At that time, at least Li Gang and Zhu Shengfei had the title of Wen Dian. It is not impossible for Zhu Shengfei to strongly recommend Yue Fei to return to China. The latter post was called "Anti-Yu was abolished" after the collapse of Shaoxing in the seventh year of the pseudo-Qi regime (AD 1 137) in November. In his letter, Zhao Ding criticized that "there is no conclusion yet", which can also be proved by Yue Fei's statement that "I seek the country without hiding it". However, the handwriting of the two posts is different from the original anyway, and even the signature of "Fei" is different, so it is difficult to judge whether it is the original.
Seven, the authenticity of Song Gaozong's calligraphy. Handed down from ancient times, Song Gaozong presented Yue Fei with an original work, Qing Sheng Qiu Ji, which also had its imperial decree and lasted for seven years. Its text is the same as that contained in Volume II of Guo Jin Bay Compilation, and I sorted it into Forty-four Emperor Gaozong Chen Han in Guo Jin Bay Compilation and its sequel. One characteristic of Song Gaozong's handwritten imperial edict is that he must write it himself, while Zai Feng can only draft it for him, and he will write the final version himself. The other is that there must be a royal oath in general. Token is a special signature symbol popular in Song Dynasty. According to Hsi Chin, Hubei Province, only Emperor Chen Hanyi did not have a royal seal, probably because Yue Fei's official position was still very humble at that time. The handwritten letters to generals and others all show the authority of the emperor's personal orders in the extraordinary period of military affairs tension. The Qing Dynasty said that the imperial edict of Song Gaozong's calligraphy could be replaced by "secretariat", which was wrong. Of course, the imperial edict of the Song Dynasty was written by ci ministers, which is different from the handwritten imperial edict. York edited the sequel to Guo Jin Tuo. The first volume was written by Emperor Chen Han, and the second to fourth volumes were written, which was listed as the first of Four Letters. Its specifications and styles are different from calligraphy, with the word "trouble" in front, which readers can compare. Five copies of Song Gaozong's imperial edict were published on pages 69-8 1 in Epitaph of Yuefei Tomb Temple. One of them is the above-mentioned handwritten imperial edict, but compared with the original, it can be seen that the number of rows was adjusted and increased when the monument was erected. Among the other four books, there is a word difference between the inscription on the imperial edict of aiding Huai and Eighty-one Articles of Emperor Gaozong Chen Han edited by Ewan, but from the handwriting and imperial seal, it seems to be authentic, which is the eleventh year of Shaoxing. "Interesting invasion", namely the emperor Chen Hanshan, has an inscription on it. The imperial edict was written by Gao Zongchen, and there is no imperial edict in the inscription. The imperial edict lies in the volume 1. It was released in Shaoxing for three years. The handwriting of the two inscriptions is the same, but slightly different from the first two inscriptions. In my opinion, it may reflect the change of Song Gaozong's handwriting from Shaoxing three years to seven years later, while X's later inscriptions missed its royal oath when copying. As for another inscription in Shaoxing's six-year "Qi Fu Zhao", although there is "Yue Fei was given by the emperor" at the end, the handwriting is quite different from the original, and there is no imperial decree. It has not been confirmed in The Continuation of Guo Jin Bay, and it is undoubtedly a forgery.
Eight, before and after the "model" and other non-authentic. I once published Yue Fei's Handed Down Book as a False Trust. Xi mainly put forward two reasons. First, the pen and ink are untrue, which is a retelling of previous studies. Secondly, from the time point of view, according to the self-report in the Model, Yue Fei happened to be on the way from Ezhou to Lin 'an. Later, I saw a manuscript to discuss with me. I'm sorry to tell you the truth, I didn't think it was convincing at that time, because Yue Fei couldn't have separated at that time, and it was impossible to change to Nanyang midway like flying now. I can give a third reason here, not my discovery. Wang Rongsheng, an expert in Qing history, told me that someone wrote an article pointing out that this kind of forgery violated Song Qinzong's taboo. The ancients put great emphasis on the custom of avoiding names. In the Song Dynasty, if Cheng Wenzhong violated the emperor's taboo, he would be relegated. As a minister, Yue Fei is taboo. For example, Xie Jiang and the Pardon Table written by Zhang, an aide, rewrote Lou Jing of Han Dynasty as "Qin Lou". Because of the word "respect", Song Taizu's grandfather Zhao Jingyu was taboo. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Gauss said in his speech: "Between the monarch and the minister, the goods should be supported and complement each other. What is this Yuan and mental pollution? " Thirteen here refers to Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, but in order to avoid taboos, the word "Huan" was changed to "Yuan". However, in the fake "Former Teacher", the word "Huan" is still used according to Zhuge Liang's original text. As the saying goes in Jiangnan, a full meal is delicious, but it is hard to say when you are full. But please forgive me for saying that with the above three reasons, any attempt to prove that this calligraphy is the original of Yue Fei will always be in vain.
I'm afraid there may be new discoveries in the future, such as Yue Fei's relics and ink. In the summer of 2004, I visited the Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang, Three Gorges, and accidentally saw Yue Fei's inscription in the temple. At first glance, it seems to be a copy of the handwriting of the model, which is definitely different from the Su style in Feng Shu Tie. Yue Fei did worship Zhang Fei, but there is no record that he went to visit Zhangfei Temple in Yunnan Army. Recently, I saw the inscription on Yue Fei's Su Family Tree. The ink is different from that of "a teacher's model". There is a seal with the words "faithfully serving the country", which is undoubtedly a fake after backstab's four words were misinformed.
Nine, handed down Yuefei relics, ink, etc., some can distinguish the authenticity, and some are still difficult to distinguish. For example, the poem "Mr. Song Zixiu's Northern Expedition" is a fake, which has been verified by senior scholars. However, to give another example, the Red River (overlooking the Central Plains) is neither easy to prove nor easy to deny. Although Mr. Deng Guangming didn't tell me about dealing with such relics and ink, they didn't extract "Man Jiang Hong" (overlooking the Central Plains) when they wrote Yue Fei's biography. It can be seen that we should actually hold the same idea, that is, we would rather lack than abuse. Yue Fei is great enough, and the good intentions of future generations are just like gilding the lily. In my school's annotation of Ezhou Golden Melody Collection 19, except for the original two poems, only one quatrain contained in Man Jiang Hong (rushing to the crown in anger) and Bing Tuilu was annotated, and the rest of Yue Fei's poems and articles were said to have been ignored, and there was no plan to make any further additions in the future.
Finally, I want to emphasize two points. First, if we accept the legends and relics of Yue Fei handed down from generation to generation without screening, it will go against modern historical thinking, so it cannot be said to be scientific. Even if I do this, there will be criticism and refutation. Second, whether it is politics or study, everything is completely wrong. What I said above is just a family opinion. Everyone is welcome to criticize and correct me. As long as there is evidence and convincing disagreement, I will always be ready to correct my mistakes and give up my opinions.