Commonly used metonyms: 1, Mulberry: hometown 2, Taoli: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate: classmate 6, beacon smoke: battle 7, female 8, bamboo: music 9, male 6. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry mother: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14, four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Zhao Mengfu 15, 100 major schools in the warring States period and their representatives: Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Legalism, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Li Ezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi). 2. The general history of the first biography: Historical Records. 3. The first dictionary is Erya. The first encyclopedia is Yongle Grand Ceremony. 5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs. 6. The first anthology is Selected Works of Zhao Ming. 7. The first dictionary is: Explaining the text. +00. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese: Search Ji Shen 1 1. The first quotation: The Analects of Confucius 12. The first chronicle book is: Chunqiu 13. The first dynastic history: Han Shu 14. The first art book: Sun Tzu's Art of War. Sima Xiangru 16. Yuefu: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, and adding "Fu Qin Yin" is Yuefu Three Musts 17. The Double Treasure of History: Historical Records as a Mirror 18. Two beats: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. The Gemini of China's Modern Literature: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo. Generation: Monday 23rd. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals: Zuo Zhuan Yang Gongzhuan Gu Liangzhuan 24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou. Sanshan: Penglai abbot Yingzhou 26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Three fairs: Zhou, Sima Situ, Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Tai Wei, Imperial censor Qingming, Taishi Taifu Taibao 28. Three Cao Cao: the twenty-ninth Cao Cao and Cao Pi. Third Public Security Hospital: No.30, Yuan Hongdao Middle Road, Yuanzong Road. Jiangnan Sangu Building: Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower and Hunan Wangtengting 3 1. Three friends in cold years: Song 32. Three assistants: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng Beijing.
2. The literary knowledge of the four classic novels
Four Great Classical Novels refers to Four Great Classical Novels.
China's four classical novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. The four major European classical novels are Homer's epic, Divine Comedy, Hamlet and Faust.
Mark Twain's four great classic novels are The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg and Epiphany. China and the four classical novels introduced the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in detail, that is, the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Author: (Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty) Earl of Luo Guanzhong: * * * Introduction: Based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, The Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Ye Fan, The Story of the Three Kingdoms by Yuan Zaju and some folklore.
At present, the earliest edition is Ming Jiajing edition, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 articles. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son made some modifications and became the most common transcript of 120.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China's first novel. The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan and ends with Wu. This paper describes the military and political struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The characters are simple, profound, tortuous and grand in structure. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China's novels entered a new period, especially Zhang Hui's novels entered a perfect stage.
China's first classical novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was born and swept the world through the pen of Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period. He has made great achievements in the history of China literature development.
At the same time, it also adds brilliant brilliance to the treasure house of world literature. Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The book reflects the political and military struggle, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era and shapes a group of heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, focusing on the description of Liu Bei Group, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao.
Today, we should dialectically understand the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore in Luo Guanzhong era, which implies people's hope for the rejuvenation of the Han nationality.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has created nearly 2,000 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has the lofty spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death" and the ambition of helping people rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world in modern times. In addition, the author endowed him with the peculiar ability of giving orders and calculating skillfully.
Cao Cao is a treacherous man, and his life creed is "Better teach the world to be negative than to teach the world to be negative" (historically, "Better teach the world to be negative than to teach the world to be negative." He is a political careerist and schemer, so don't confuse him with the real Cao Cao in history.
Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his loyalty is based on personal grudges, not the national justice.
Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a kind-hearted person, a corporal with noble character and a kind-hearted person. The author Luo Guanzhong (1330- 1400) was a popular novelist in Ming Dynasty.
His native place is Taiyuan (now Shanxi) and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), so he is not sure. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong was a screen guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also wrote popular novels such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties and plays such as Meet the Dragon and Tiger of Zhao Taizu.
In addition, quite a few people think that the last thirty chapters of Water Margin are also his works. The Water Margin, also known as Loyalty and Righteousness, and Biography of the Hawks in Jianghu, was written by Shi Naian (late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty). In addition, quite a few people think that the last thirty chapters of Water Margin were written by Luo Guanzhong.
Gao Ru recorded what he saw in "Hundred Rivers Record" in Ming Dynasty. The former was "Qiantang Shi Naian Book, edited by Luo Guanzhong". Hu Yinglin's Shao Shi Shan Fang Bi Ji was written by Shi Naian, and Wang Qi's Xushu Tongkao was written by Luo Guanzhong.
Recitation: There are many different books in the spread of Water Margin. At present, there are mainly 100 copies, 120 copies and 70 copies.
After Zhao An 100, there were plots such as "collecting Liao" and suppressing Fang La uprising. 120 Huiben added the plot of suppressing tian hu and Wang Qing. Later, Jin Shengtan deleted the book, excluding courtship and later events, and called it 70 chapters (actually 7 1 chapter).
Introduction: The Water Margin was created by the author on the basis of Xuanhe legacy and related scripts and stories. The main theme of the book is to describe the peasant war, and it created Liangshan heroes such as Lin and others, revealing the social contradictions at that time.
The story is tortuous, the language is vivid, and the characters are vivid, which has high artistic achievements. Author Shi Naian (1296~ 137 1) whose real name is Zi 'an, also known as Zhao Rui, Yan Duan and Naian.
Native place: Baijuchang, Xinghua, Jiangsu. Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
According to legend, he is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. When Shi Naian was seven years old, his family was poor and he couldn't go to school.
But he is smart and eager to learn, often borrows books, asks his neighbors to teach him, and sometimes goes to the university to audit. In this way, he read many books such as The University, The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Songs and The Book of Rites.
/kloc-at the age of 0/3, he can answer questions in public and write beautifully. Once, an old neighbor died of illness. Please ask Ji Xiucai, who teaches in a private school in Xushuguan, to write a eulogy.
Ji Xiucai failed to arrive in time, so others suggested Yan Duan try. Nai 'an, in high spirits, wanted to show his talents and didn't give in. He came over and waved.
Later, Ji Xiucai read this naive and brilliant eulogy and praised it greatly. Offered to take Shi Naian to Hushuguan for free study.
Later, he betrothed his daughter to Shi Naian. Shi Naian studies hard at the Hushu Pavilion. He is not only familiar with the contention of a hundred schools of thought, but also browses various books.
At that time, the Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty was published, saying that Classical outsmarted The Outline of Birth and Song Jiang.
3. What is common sense in literature?
The range of literary common sense is 1. Writer's works.
Including: the names, characters, numbers, overflow numbers, dynasties, works and collections of ancient writers in China, their position in the history of literature, and the style of collections; Names, places of origin, times, works and collections, masterpieces and representative works of modern and contemporary writers in China, as well as the evaluation of authors and works; Names, nationalities, times, works and collections of foreign writers, famous works, representative works, literary schools, and comments on authors and works. 2. Common sense of ancient culture.
Such as astronomical calendar, geography, official position, imperial examination etiquette, title and so on. 3. Stylistic knowledge and categories.
Including ancient stylistic knowledge and categories as well as modern stylistic knowledge and categories, such as narrative, expository, argumentative, poetry, prose, novels and so on. 4. Knowledge about the job content.
Such as characters, plot arrangements, famous sentences and paragraphs described in famous articles; The source of idioms, allusions and famous sentences in ancient writers' works; Famous sentences of poetry and songs; Wait a minute.