"Dumpling" is a homophonic pronunciation of "Jiaozi", which means one yuan begins again and everything is renewed.
It is said that firecrackers originated from firecrackers. There is a saying that has been circulated since ancient times: A long time ago, a ferocious beast called "Nian" appeared every year on the night of the Lunar New Year. In order to scare away this ferocious beast, people burned bamboo joints at their doorsteps. As the air in the bamboo cavity expanded due to heat, the bamboo cavity burst, making a loud noise. The sound is used to drive away the Nian beast. With the invention of gunpowder, gunpowder firecrackers replaced the past bamboo firecrackers.
Spring Tie originated from China, and its origin can be divided into three aspects: Yichun Tie, Taofu, Yanxiang Poems.
Yichun Tie is one of the origins of spring Tie, also known as "Spring Book". It has appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is an item for people to pray for good luck and good fortune. It is the color used on the first day of spring. The paper was cut into the word "Yichun" and posted on the doorpost. There were also some other auspicious words written in single sentences and posted on the lintel. The "Jingchu Years' Records" written by Liang Zongmao of the Southern Dynasty records that at the beginning of spring, Hunan and Hubei In addition to cutting colorful silk into the shape of swallows and wearing them on their heads, people in both places also write the word "Yichun" and paste them at home, which is Yichun Tie, also known as Chun Tie. "Qian Jin Jade Order" written by Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty " also mentioned that people put up Yichun Tie at the beginning of spring. Since the beginning of spring is close to the Spring Festival, and the form of Yichun Tie is similar to the current spring strips and horizontal batches, some scholars believe that the current spring strips and horizontal batches are directly derived from Yichun Tie. The names are different.
Peach charms are another origin of spring stickers. Peach charms are objects used by the people to draw the gods Tu and Yuxi on peach boards during the Spring Festival to ward off ghosts and ghosts. In ancient legend, there is a peach charm on Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea. Under the big peach tree, there are gods Tu and Yu who are in charge of all ghosts. When encountering ghosts that cause trouble, they will tie it up and feed it to tigers. [4] Later, people wrote some auspicious sentences on the peach charms. In the Tang Dynasty, couplets began Appearance. "Dunhuang Posthumous Notes" records some couplets with auspicious meanings. Some scholars believe that these are the earliest couplets. For example, Tan Chanxue, a researcher at the Dunhuang Academy, wrote an article in the April 1991 issue of "Literary and Historical Knowledge" titled This statement was put forward in the article "The Earliest Couplets in China", but until now there is no substantial evidence to prove that these antithetical sentences are couplets or Spring Festival couplets. In the Five Dynasties, Meng Chang, the Lord of Shu, personally inscribed "New Year's greetings" on the Taofu. "Yu Qing, Happy Holidays to Changchun" is a couplet that most people regard as the earliest Spring Festival couplets.
Yanxiang's poems are also one of the sources of spring posts, also known as spring posts, spring post words, and post words. It was the ancient imperial court that asked Hanlin scribes to write poems and submit poems at the beginning of spring. The content of Yanxiang's poems is mainly about describing scenery, praising peace, or implying advice. The writing style is beautiful, and most of them are five-character and seven-character quatrains. Zhou Hui's "Qingbo" Magazine" mentioned that Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi's spring posts were mainly admonitions, while Sima Guang wrote regular style. These poems would be posted on palace gates and palaces and pavilions in palaces and gardens. They were very popular in the Song Dynasty. Some paired couplets were later used It has become a kind of Spring Festival couplets.
The modern spring post with the word "Fu" written upside down and the later spring post is the product of the mutual influence of folk peach charms, Yichun tie and palace post words. The peach charms were mixed into one thing, and the post words were simplified into two sentences of peach charms. The peach charms were simplified into the paper writing and pasting of the post words. So the carrier of paper spring couplets came into being in the Song Dynasty and became a custom. Wang Anshi wrote in his poem It has been said: "Thousands of households always replace old talismans with new peaches." The Northern Song Dynasty's "Sui Shi Za Ji" records that people carved auspicious sentences on peach boards at that time. The Southern Song Dynasty's "Meng Liang Lu" records that there was an incident at that time "Spring greeting cards" are planted, and it is also said that "spring cards" should be put up on New Year's Eve. These may be paper peach charms. Some people think that the spring cards are spring stickers with the word "Fu".
The green spring stickers for bereaved families are in red. Writing peach charms on paper began in the Ming Dynasty, and the term "spring post" also appeared. The custom of posting Spring Festival couplets also became popular in the Ming Dynasty. According to the "Hao Yun Lou Miscellaneous" written by Chen Yunzhan of the Ming Dynasty, the Spring Festival couplets were attributed to Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. It is advocated and popularized. In addition, there are other legends about Spring Festival couplets about Zhu Yuanzhang. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang was traveling incognito in Jinling (now Nanjing), the then capital, on a New Year's Eve in the early Ming Dynasty. He found that one of the households did not have Spring Festival couplets posted, and asked the head of the household. , learned that because no one could write and no one could write the Spring Festival couplets for them, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote the Spring Festival couplets based on the head of the household's occupation as a butcher, "split the road of life and death with both hands, and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife." One of the reasons why the word "福" was written upside down. The theory is also related to Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang once used the word "福" as a sign to kill people. When his queen Ma knew about it, she ordered everyone in the city to go to their homes before dawn.
The word "福" was posted on the door, but one of the illiterate families put the word "福" upside down. The next day, Zhu Yuanzhang found that every household had pasted the character "福", and he also knew that family had posted the character "福" upside down. She ordered the imperial guards to kill all the members of that family. Seeing that things were not going well, Empress Ma told Zhu Yuanzhang that the family knew that he was coming and had deliberately pasted the label with the character "福" upside down, which meant "luck has arrived". The emperor heard that it made sense. , he ordered his release. From then on, people firstly prayed for good luck, and secondly, in order to commemorate Empress Ma, they pasted the characters "福" upside down.
By the Qing Dynasty, the custom of pasting spring stickers had already been developed. It was very popular. The "Yanjing Chronicles" at that time described that since the twelfth lunar month in Beijing, many literati and poets had written Spring Festival couplets to polish their pens. The colors of Spring Festival couplets were graded at that time. The folk Spring Festival couplets were written on red paper or red paper, and the inner court or imperial couplets were written on red paper. The clan uses white paper with red and blue edges. In addition, there are other taboos and restrictions. For example, those who have not completed the three-year mourning period cannot use red paper. The deceased is male, cyan is used, and the deceased is female, yellow. The content is It was also changed to a sad word. Liang Zhangju compiled a monograph on Spring Festival couplets, "Three Couples on the Threshold", which showed that it had become a literary and art form at that time.
In addition to meaningful auspicious sentences, the content of Spring Festival couplets also included some Illiterate people will also write the word "十" on red paper as a spring sticker. According to the "Yichuan County Chronicle" of Shaanxi Province in the 1940s, people can write auspicious sentences, while illiterate villagers write the word "十".
In recent years, there are also some machine-printed spring stickers for sale on the market. In addition to the traditional red paper, there are also gold or other colors. Some do not use paper, but are made of other materials such as cloth and plastic, and can be used multiple times. .There are also some three-dimensional spring stickers made of cardboard, and some also have some cartoon patterns, which are popular among young people. The traditional handwritten calligraphy spring stickers are still popular. In recent years, influenced by Western culture, there are also some spring stickers from left to Right horizontal batch.