Jing Qing
Jing Qing was born in about May 1362 and died in April 1403. He was a native of Zhenning, Shaanxi Province (now Zhengning, Gansu Province) in the Ming Dynasty. It is said that his original surname was Geng. Hongwu Jinshi, awarded the title of editor and editor, and changed the censorship. In the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), he was appointed as the censor of Zuo Qiandu. Jianwen first served as a counselor in Peiping. The imperial censor was reinstated. Chengzu usurped the throne and retained his original official position. He wanted to assassinate Chengzu in the early dynasty, but he was arrested and searched for the hidden blade. He was skinned and fried in iron. Kill the nine tribes, turn to each other, and kill the people in their hometown.
Chinese name: Jingqing
Nationality: Ming
Birthplace: Yiluyi, Zhouzhou, Shaanxi
Date of birth: May 1362 Month
Date of death: March 1403
Occupation: Official
Main achievement: Jinshi
Representative work: "Begging the Mother of the King" "Chu Family's Zhenjie Shu", "Chu Tai'an People's Poems for Building a House on Jingjie", and "Inscribed on the Boundary of Zhengning County" 3 chapters (first)
Records in "History of the Ming Dynasty"
Jing Qing, My surname is Geng, and I was born in Yiluyi, Yuzhou, Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty (now Jingjiahe Village, Tuoyuan Township, Changwu County). His parents died when he was young, and he was fostered in his grandmother's home in Zhaizi Village, Xinzhuangli, Zhenning County, Shaanxi Province (now Zhengning County, Gansu Province), and became a Zhenning citizen. In the 27th year of Hongwu's reign, he was ranked second in the rankings and was awarded the title of editor and editor, and was appointed censor. It is said that Xieyuan had passed the provincial examination twice in a row, but refused to go to Beijing to take the examination. He was impeached by Zhang Yunzhao, the right envoy of Shaanxi Chengxuan Political Envoy at the time, which angered Zhu Yuanzhang and banned him from participating in the major examination for ten years. In the spring of the 30th year, he was summoned and ordered to serve as the censor of Zuo Qiandu. The memorial was written incorrectly and the seal was changed, so he was impeached and sentenced to prison. Looking for forgiveness. The imperial edict was issued to inspect private tea tea in Sichuan and Shaanxi, except for the prefect of Jinhua. At the beginning of Jianwen's reign, he served as a counselor for Peiping. The king of Yan spoke clearly and praised him greatly. Then he moved to the imperial censor. When the Yan army entered, many ministers died. Qing Su conspired in advance, and promised that the filial piety and children would die for the country, and finally he returned home alone. Chengzu ordered him to remain in his official position, and he was entrusted to the snake class for a long time. One morning in the morning, Qingyi Feihuai entered with a sword. First, the Japanese played a strange star called Red, which invaded the throne of the emperor. It was very urgent. The origin of Chengzu is clear. In the Qing Dynasty, Fei was the only one in Qing Dynasty. Search for it and find the hidden blade. After questioning him, Qing Fen stood up and said: "I want to avenge my old master!" Chengzu was angry and killed him, killing his clan. Born in his hometown, he was called "Guamanchao", and the village became a market place.
Native records
Personal profile
Jingqing is said to be originally named Geng, but is rumored to be Jing. He is from Zhaizi Village, Xinzhuangli, Zhenning County, Ming Dynasty (now Shanhe County, Zhengning County). Zhenzhaizi Village) people.
Jing Qing has been poor since he was a child, but he is smart and eager to learn, has a quick literary mind, and has memorized his books. When he was studying in the Imperial College, because his family was too poor to buy books, he often borrowed books from others to read. Once, he borrowed a book from a classmate named Gong to read, but he refused to lend it to him. Jing Qing begged many times, but he agreed to borrow it only for one night on the grounds that he was a "family secretary" in the book department. It will be returned early in the morning. The next day, the classmate urged him to return the book. He claimed that the book was his own and was not borrowed. The two sides argued endlessly about this. Later, he went to file a lawsuit with his husband. Jing Qing was the first to say that this book was his family's "family secretary". It had been passed down to several generations and he knew it by heart. The teacher asked Jingqing to endorse in person, and Jingqing was calm, articulate, and recited the whole article without missing a word. The teacher later asked the classmate named Gong to endorse it, but he was so flustered, incoherent, and speechless that he did not know the content of the book. Seeing this, the teacher gave the book to Jing Qing and severely criticized the classmate. The classmate was aggrieved and angry, but had nothing to say and had to obey. Unexpectedly, Jingqing immediately returned the book to the classmate and told the truth: "I'll tell you the secrets with my son, and we'll make fun of each other!" The teacher marveled at Jingqing's young talent and that he will become a great person in the future. Because Jingqing loves reading, he often forgets to eat and sleep, and his family often screams at mealtimes. Therefore, people in the village nicknamed him the "book-eating boy" at that time. To this day, in Zhaizi Village, Jingqing's hometown, there are still the remains of "Jinggong's Lecture Platform" and the cave dwelling where Jinggong studied - "Jingye Kiln".
Jing Qing’s childhood
Jing Gong was both a loyal martyr and a legendary figure in history, and his story is full of magic. Legend has it that Grandpa Jingqing's cemetery is a "living grave". If an egg is buried in it, a lively chick will hatch in 21 days. This tomb was originally collected by a seventeenth-year-old lama for himself. Because he accidentally revealed the secret, Jingqing's father accidentally found out about it. Later, Jingqing's grandfather died and was buried here in order to bless his descendants. That's why later generations of the Jing family gave birth to the "Wenqu star" Jing Qing.
Jingqing was not an ordinary person when he was a child. When he was attending free school in Luochuan (now the seat of Luochuan Township Government), one day he became very popular in poetry and wrote a poem under the robe of the City God in the clay sculpture of the City God Temple: "City God, City God, you Write a beautiful article for me. If you can't write a beautiful article, I will beat you to the pasture of Beiguo (it is said to be a desolate place north of Ningxia)!" The City God was probably a low-ranking official and was afraid of Jingqing's three points. That night Ask Jingqing’s husband for help in his dream. The next morning, my husband indeed found a poem under the robe of the City God, just as described in the dream. He asked a student to wipe it, but he couldn't wipe it off no matter how hard he wiped it. The students took turns to wipe it, and they were so tired that they were sweating, but they still couldn't erase a word. Finally, Jingqing was asked to wipe it. Jingqing wiped it clean with a gentle wipe with his hand. The teacher was very surprised and regarded Jingqing as a prodigy. Later, the school borrowed the side hall of Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple as a classroom. The clay statues in this hall were surrounded by clay statues in a circle, and the middle was very narrow. One day, the husband went out to give quotes to relatives, and it was Jingqing's turn to clean the house. Because it was inconvenient to clean the statues too many times, Jingqing said to the statues: "You all go out and stand outside. I will come back after I finish cleaning!" The statues listened to his words and started to move one by one. They all moved to the door tremblingly. Jing Qingfeng finished cleaning the house in a hurry, and when she was happy, she ran to the Shilang River to play with her classmates, but the statue of the god was still standing outside the door. When the husband returned to the school after the mission, he saw that the students were gone and the statue of the god was standing outside the door for some reason. He became so angry that he immediately drove the students back from the river and tortured them with bamboo boards. Asking them to tell who moved the statue outside the door, the students cried and said that Jingqing was a student on duty and it must have been him. The husband asked Jingqing, but Jingqing said that it had nothing to do with anyone else and that he had spent it while cleaning. Because he was busy playing, he forgot to put the statue back to its original place. Although the husband did not believe in such strange things, he knew that he was young and extraordinary, so he did not criticize him and said: "Since you can put the idol out, you can definitely put it back. Now I look at it, if you If you can make the statue go back to its original place, I won’t blame you, otherwise I will hit you with a bamboo board!" Jing Qing walked up to the statue calmly and said, "You are all stupid, you don’t know how to go back when you are standing here! , why are you standing here? Now go back to each other!" After hearing his words, the statues returned to their original positions obediently. The teacher was shocked and sighed: "In this life, a god-man descended to earth, and even the gods obeyed his words, which is unparalleled by human beings!" Jingqing's hometown, Xinzhuangli Zhaizi Village, is more than 50 miles away from the county capital Luochuan, mostly on mountain roads. It is said that when Jingqing was studying, he would go down to Sichuan in the morning and return at night. His feet were hairy and he could walk as fast as flying. He was protected by gods. Even in the thirty-nine days when dripping water turned into ice, the potatoes burned in the kang tube were still scalding hot when he took them to school to eat. Some people also say that Jingqing is protected by two goddesses, and he is illuminated by three magic lamps on his shoulders. Every night, these three lamps light up, and the hair on the soles of his feet stands up. Wherever he wants to go, he can get there immediately. This is the "divine power" given to this "Wenquxing" by the gods. These three lamps are originally three great immortals, one is the Wolf Immortal, one is the Fox Immortal, and the other is the Dog Immortal. It is said that on a dark night, an old man saw these three immortals in an alley. They were all wearing straw hats, one was wearing yellow clothes, one was wearing white clothes, and the other was wearing black clothes. The three immortals all had long hair on their faces, which frightened the old man so much that he screamed. The three immortals were also frightened and revealed their true colors. It turned out to be a big yellow wolf, a white fox, and a big black dog. I heard that all three lights on Jing Qing’s shoulders were extinguished one by one. The first light went out because he wrote a complaint to a widow in Luochuan and received 10 cents in retouching fees; the second light went out because he wrote an extreme lawsuit to a strongman; The third lamp was extinguished because Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was executed after an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate him. He was skinned and hung in grass on the Chang'an Gate. He cursed the door gods Qin Qiong and Jingde and was not allowed to watch the night. Legend has it that Jingqing can also cure "demon". When Jingqing first went to the election, he passed through Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province. One day when it got dark, he went to stay with a family along the road. The family refused to let him stay, saying that his daughter was only 28 years old and was being raped. The "demon" has been haunting them for more than a month, causing people to panic. They invited many yin and yang, magicians, and shamans, but they couldn't do anything. Seeing that it was getting dark and the monster was coming again, their family was so frightened that they had no worries about letting outsiders stay. Jingqing asked to squat in the doorway of his house for one night to ensure that nothing happened, and the family agreed. Sure enough, the monster Mirai came that night. After Jingqing left the next morning, the monster came again and said through the mouth of this woman: "I am a scholar who is hiding from the scenery." The family realized that the person who stayed last night was really an extraordinary person, so they immediately rode on horseback to chase after them. Ask Jingqing to return and subdue the demon for him. Jingqing was afraid that he would miss the exam date, so he wrote a post saying "Jingqing is here" and asked people to post it on his doorway. After the family did this, the ghost was gone.
From then on, people worshiped Jingqing as a god. Whenever something strange, weird, or evil happened to someone's house, they only needed to put a post on the door saying "Jingqing is here" to ensure peace and good health. There are many stories about Jingqing, which are clearly recorded in historical records such as "Mingyu Lin Volume 4", "Mingyu Lin Volume 8", "Qingyang Prefecture Chronicles", and "Zhenning County Chronicles". It is also widely circulated in Zhenning County, Jingqing's hometown, and neighboring counties, and is known to all women and children. To this day, in Zhengning, Xunyi and Bin counties, there is still a folk custom of posting "Jingqing is here" in residential courtyards.
Jing Qing was in the officialdom
In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394), Jing Qing was ranked second in the imperial examination (Jinshi). He was awarded the title of editor and editor of the Hanlin Academy and revised the imperial history. In the spring of the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang summoned him and ordered him to be the censor of Zuo Qiandu. Once, he was impeached and sent to prison because of "mistakes in the memorial and the change of seals". He was released shortly after and was ordered to go to Sichuan and Shaanxi to inspect private tea, and was later promoted to the prefect of Jinhua. In the first year of Jianwen of Emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty (1399), he served as a counselor in Beiping. Zhu Di, the king of Yan who was also stationed in Peiping, had a close relationship with him. During the conversation, he was appreciated for his clear speech. In the second year of Jianwen (1400), he was promoted to the imperial censor. During this period, Emperor Hui Zhu Yun promoted the policy of reducing the vassal state, but King Zhu Di of Yan openly opposed it. In the name of "Qingjun side", he led his army southward, known as "Jingnan". Jing Qing followed King Yan on the surface, but secretly contacted Qi Tai, Lian Zining, Huang Zicheng, Fang Xiaoru and others, swore an alliance, planned a crusade against the rebellion, and tried to protect Emperor Hui. In the fourth year of Jianwen (1402), the Yan army crossed the Yangtze River and captured the city of Yingtian (Nanjing). Emperor Hui Zhu Yun was burned to death, and many courtiers died. Qi Tai, Lian Zining, Fang Xiaoru and others all died in the national disaster, but Jing Qing was the only one who survived. Zhu Di ascended the throne and changed the country's name to Yongle. At the end of Gui Dynasty (1403), the first year of Yongle, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di appointed Jing Qing as the imperial censor.
Jing Qing’s final outcome
After Jing Qing was reinstated as imperial censor, he not only accepted the orders but also acted in vain. At that time, some people secretly ridiculed him, saying that Jing Qing “disregards his words and deeds, and is greedy for life and afraid of death.” , but Jingqing didn't care about other people's opinions at all, and still appeared in "disguise", humiliating himself, waiting for the opportunity, and plotted to assassinate Ming Chengzu and avenge his old master. One day, Jing Qing went to court and met Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. His unusual behavior aroused suspicion. In addition, beforehand, the Imperial Heavenly Supervisor hurriedly reported that "the alien star has reported a change, the light is very red, and it has invaded the throne of the emperor." Therefore, Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty had already been on guard. At the end of the court, Jing Qing rushed forward and was about to commit a crime. Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty ordered him to be searched. As expected, he found that Jing Qing was wearing court clothes outside, a scarlet robe inside, and a dagger hidden at his waist. Ming Chengzu asked him what he wanted to do. Seeing that the plot was exposed, Jing Qing shouted angrily: "I avenge my late master, but it's a pity that I can't succeed!" He also cursed loudly: "An uncle who seizes his nephew's throne is like a father who cheats on his son and his wife. You betrayed Taizu's order, and you are really a treacherous minister. Everyone gets it and kills him!" Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty was furious when he heard this, and ordered that Jing Qing's teeth be knocked out and Jing Qing's tongue be cut off. Jing Qing sprayed blood on the dragon's face, dragon case, and dragon robe. Chengzu ordered Jingqing to be executed by "beating", his limbs were split, his skin was skinned, and thatch was stuffed in his belly, and he hung it on Chang'an Gate for public display. Then they carried out the cruel and inhumane "Guamanchao" and ordered the "annihilation of the nine tribes". However, due to the "turn of the tide", almost all the tribesmen with the surname Fanjing were killed. They also killed Jingqing's teachers, relatives, friends and students. There were corpses everywhere and rivers of blood. Jingqing's nephews Liu Gu and Liu Guo were in Beijing with their uncle. When they heard that their uncle had been killed, they knew that they were in danger. They were extremely sad and angry and committed suicide. Hundreds of people were implicated in this inhumane "Guamanchao" massacre. The situation was so horrific that it was called "the most bizarre injustice in the world." Jingqing's former residence was also burned to the ground, and the village became a devastated ruin strewn with rubble. Seeing this tragic situation, the Zhenning County magistrate suggested that the person named Jing should hide his name and go into exile to try to survive. After being reminded by the county magistrate, it is said that people with the surname Jing took the surname Gao as soon as they stood on a high place, and took the surname Shi as soon as they sat on a rock, so only a few families survived. According to research, the families named Gao and Shi in today's Zhaizi Village are indeed descendants of the Jing people.
During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty (1426~1435), Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the world to compile true records. Based on the fact that Emperor Jianwen was the legitimate emperor and Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, usurped power and sought the throne, he ordered Fang Xiaoru and Lian Zining, who had died for Emperor Jianwen, to rehabilitate Zhaoxue and call them loyal ministers of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Zheng, a Confucian scholar in Zhenning County, researched Jing Qing's loyal deeds and wrote a memorial to ask the emperor to worship Jing Qing. The imperial court issued an edict to grant him the posthumous title of "Zhonglie". Confucian schools in various places built ancestral temples in memory of Fang Xiaoru and Jing Qing. Chapter 29 of "The Scholars" clearly records: "The temples of Dukes Fang and Jing are very majestic." "Jinggong Temple", "Bangyanfang" and "Jingye Temple" were built in Luochuan, the hometown of Jingqing, Zhenning County.
In the east of today's Shanhe City, there is the site of the "Mingdu Censor Jingqing's Tomb", which is called "Jingye's Tomb" by Zhenning people. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, many people paid homage to Jingqing, including local officials and officials and literati from far away who came here to pay homage to Jingqing. They wrote many poems to commemorate Jingqing. Some of them have been lost over time, and some are still recorded in historical records. There are records.
Jing Qing was good at writing, but most of it has been lost. The ones that can be seen today include "Chu's Chastity Book of Begging Jing Mother", "Chu Tai'an People's Poems for Building a Workshop on Jingjie", and "Inscribed on the Boundary of Zhengning County" 3 articles (first). (Wen Zhenglian)
Weng Fanggang's "Ink Postscript of Jing Zhongzhuanggong" says:
In the Ming Dynasty, Jianwen died in the imperial censor, Jing Gongshi, a historical biography, which was given by imperial edict in the 41st year of Qianlong's reign_ Loyal and strong. The public's poems, essays and writings are ignorant of the world. This scroll has five rhymes and one verse of "Taiyi near the capital of heaven" written in Tang Dynasty. It was later signed in the autumn of Yihai in the 28th year of Hongwu, eight years before his death. The calligraphy is clear and plump, and has a sense of elegance. It is believed to be illuminated by the sun, stars, rainbow and moon, and the heart is green and blood is hanging down. It is not just a treasure of calligraphy and ink. (It may be said that the original surname is Geng, and it is mistaken for Jing. However, the surname in this calligraphy is actually the word "Jing", and the seal is the same.) (Fu Chuzhai Collected Works, Volume 31)
This shows the personality of Gong's calligraphy. It can also be seen that a person with the surname Geng is not _. Qianlong bestowed _ Zhongzhuang, which is different from the general people who say Zhongzhuang. It can fill the gap.