1981May 16, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) decided to award Comrade Soong Ching Ling the honorary title of "Honorary Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC)". 198 1 year 1 month The central government decided to name this residence "Former Residence of Comrade Soong Ching Ling, Honorary Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC)", which was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council. Later, under the cordial care and direct leadership of Deng, Liao Chengzhi and other central leading comrades, the former residence was completely repaired, and the original appearance of Soong Ching Ling's work and life was preserved and restored. Show it in its original state, collect cultural relics and materials nationwide, and organize the "Life Exhibition of Comrade Soong Ching Ling". On May 29th of that year, on the anniversary of Soong Ching Ling's death, Deng personally unveiled the former residence, which was officially opened to the public. Now it has become a "youth education base".
The main building of the former residence is an integrated gray tiled shed roof, which mostly retains the layout and style of the original Wang Fu Garden. Among them, the lobby "Haoliangqu" (formerly called "Yishoutang" here) is facing a stage, and the plaque "Haoliangqu" was originally hung in the south of the stage backstage, facing the South Lake, so it was named after the allusion of knowing the joy of fish in Zhuangzi Qiushui. During the reconstruction of Soong Ching Ling's apartment, the stage and other buildings were demolished and the plaque was replaced with "Yishoutang". The back hall is "Changjinzhai", the east room is "Flower Appreciation Room" and the west room is "Yu Tingxuan". ) is connected to the new main building. This group of quadrangles has seven front halls, five back halls, two entrances and three hatchbacks, which are connected with the opposite "South Building" across the lake through winding verandas. On the rockeries on both sides of the South Building, there are fan-shaped pavilions in the east and angular rain houses in the west, echoing left and right. In the northeast corner of Nanhu Lake, a "Bourne Pavilion" with a hexagonal conical roof stands in the veranda. The plaques on these buildings are now well preserved. This not only reflects Soong Ching Ling's love for the historical relics of the motherland, but also reflects the love of the party and the government for Soong Ching Ling. At the beginning of ten years of turmoil, the CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that Soong Ching Ling was the first batch of key protected objects. In the turbulent era of "breaking the capitalism", some people encouraged to attack Soong Ching Ling's former residence. It was Premier Zhou Enlai who stepped forward and compared Soong Ching Ling to a "national treasure" and tried his best to protect her and her residence from disaster.
From the early Ming Dynasty, a section of Tonghui River in Yuan Dynasty was enclosed in the imperial city, and the water transport vessels arrived outside Beijing and no longer entered Shichahai, so Shichahai had nothing to do with water transport. Merchants related to water transportation switched to other businesses, and a large number of Buddhist temples and aristocratic houses were built along the Three Seas. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there were more than ten Lotus Clubs, Linjintang, Mi's, Dingguogong Taishi Garden, Mirror Garden, Xiangguofang Garden, Liumaocai Garden and Wanxi Garden just beside Shichahai. Before the Pearl moved in at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, although the ownership of the mansion was unknown, it should be a noble mansion on the whole.
Mingzhu building
Na Lanmingzhu, Manchu Huang Zheng Banner. Born in the ninth year of Nuerhachi Tiancong (1635), the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, his grandfather was the Hercynian Nuzhen and Yehe Chief Bellena Rankin who lived in Kaiyuan East City in northern Liaoning in the late Ming Dynasty. In the fourth year of the Qing Emperor Taizu's mandate of heaven (16 19), in the struggle for hegemony among the Nuzhen departments in Northeast China, Jin Taishi was killed by Nuerhachi, and the Nuzhen Yehnalan department was also destroyed by Nuerhachi's Nuzhen. Han, the son of Jin Taishi and the father of Pearl, moved to Huang Taiji in Nuerhachi and was promoted to assistant doctor and doctor Guanglu for his meritorious service in the Ming War. Mingzhu is Han's second son. He lost his father at the age of 12 and was raised by his brother Zheng. Mingzhu was smart and studious since she was a child. "Everyone knows everything." She is full of courage and wit. In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), she was appointed as the emissary of 17-year-old Wei Yunhui. Kangxi three years (1664), 3 1 year-old, head of the internal affairs office; In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), he graduated from Hong Wen Academy with a bachelor's degree and was promoted to the position of minister of punishments. Later, he was appointed as the left ambassador of Duchayuan and the minister of war. In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), Zhu, a senior minister of the Ministry of Finance, and Mololi, a senior minister of the Ministry of Punishment, made great contributions to the San Francisco Rebellion and won the great trust of Emperor Kangxi. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi (1677), he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Wuyingdian and a history of rites, and was also a prince and a teacher, both of whom were prime ministers. In the twenty-third year of Kangxi (1684), Soto fell out of favor and left his job, and Mingzhu recorded it alone. So he sold officials and titles, greedy for mountains and mountains. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), he was impeached to remove the prime minister, but he did not suffer any economic losses. He died in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708) at the age of 74. When the houses and the West Garden in the northern edge of Houhai in Shichahai will become the Pearl Mansion, the upper limit should be no earlier than the third year of Kangxi (when he was the head of the internal affairs office), and the lower limit should be no later than the sixteenth year of Kangxi (1677), and they will be promoted to a bachelor and prime minister in Wuying Hall. After this house was bought by Mingzhu, it went through Mingzhu Nalanxingde (Nalanchengde), Baxu, Bafang, Sun Fuge, Yongfu, Yongshou, great-grandson Zhan Dai, Ningxian, great-grandson Da Honga, and finally continued to Sun Cheng (Cheng) An IV and * * six generations.
There are different opinions on whether Soong Ching Ling's former residence is the Pearl House Garden, but there is a plaque inscribed by Emperor Kangxi in the former residence, which is hung behind the "Changjinzhai". According to the legal system of the Qing Dynasty, the inscriptions written by the emperor for princes and ministers are not allowed to be transferred or moved privately. "The five peaks are all beautiful" is a relic of the Pearl House. In addition, Nalan Xingde, the eldest son of Mingzhu, was a famous scholar in Beijing and was good at poetry. There is a poem in Xing De's "Lushui Pavilion Collection": "Two nights in front of the door, the branches and leaves are full of glory, the density is sunny and rainy, and it is sparse and bright." Among them, the "two-night combination" refers to two "bright-night combination trees" (common name Mao Wei), which still grow in front of the stone steps of the South Building, and the age of the trees should be more than 300 years, which can be said to be the Pearl House Garden.
Marriage hall
During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the fourth descendant of Pearl Cheng (Cheng 'an) was accused by Luo Zhi of violating the powerful minister Xiao Shenyang, and his house and property were confiscated. It used to be the farewell courtyard of Little Shenyang, but it was far less luxurious than Pearl Hotel. For example, there is a sleeve stone poem in Xiao Ting's Continued Record: "Flowers and trees in Pingquan are in the green circle, and Guoxiang Tower is here. Who can remember that the head pool is dry and the green water pavilion is nowhere to be found. "
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Aisingiorro Yan ordered Xiao Shenyang to commit suicide, confiscated his property, and gave this house to his brother Jin Yong, and converted it into a wedding palace according to the organizational system of Wang Fu. As the 11th son of Qing emperor Qianlong, the prince was brilliant, studied hard and wrote good poems since he was a child, and became a self-contained calligrapher from Europe and Liu. Emperor Qianlong loved him very much, and he was often lucky in his family. In fifty-four years, Yu Qianlong became a prince, and in sixty years, he was enfeoffed, that is, the former residence of Mingzhu. As North Korea's foreman, minister of military affairs and the third treasury of the Prime Minister's Office, he has considerable power. Yan made an exception and let married people introduce into the garden. This is the only Wang Fu garden in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, except the royal garden that introduced the Yu He River into the garden. To this end, married Wang Yong built a "Bourne Pavilion" to thank Huang En.
In October of the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was dismissed from the important position of military affairs minister because he wrote a letter to Hong criticizing Jiaqing's failure in political affairs, and thought behind closed doors at home. Since then, I have been in low spirits, wandering among flowers, trees, poems and paintings all day long until I die of old age. His son Mian died before him and gave it to the county king. His great-grandson carried Yue on his back and attacked the county king. Pu Zhuang, the eldest son of Zaiyue, attacked Baylor. Pu Zhuangjin succeeded Yu Zhi, and for eleven years, he attacked Viscount Bei.
Chun Qin Wang Yu di
In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Aisingiorro Zai was in charge, and the Alcohol Palace in front of Taiping Lake (commonly known as Ye Qifu) became a "hidden dragon mansion" because it was the birthplace of Zai, and it can no longer be used as a mansion. Because the descendants who became princes at that time were relegated by tradition, they have been relegated to Beizi in Yuyuan Garden. Empress Dowager Cixi ordered the house to be returned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, so she gave it to her biological father Yi and became a new alcohol palace. In order to distinguish it from the Spring Palace in front of Taiping Lake, it is called Beifu. Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu successively allocated10.6 million taels of silver for repairs. The following year, most houses such as Fuzheng Courtyard were completed. 1890, the game is dead, and there is not much money left to repair the alcohol palace, so that the West Park only repaired the main projects in the east and south.
1909, Emperor Guangxu died childless. Empress Dowager Cixi appointed Puyi, the eldest son of her brother Zai Feng, as the successor of Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun and Guangxu Emperor. Zai Feng was named the Regent, so in Xuan Tong's time, this house was also called the Regent's House. Because it was the birthplace of Emperor Puyi, it became the "Hidden Dragon Mansion", so it was decided to build a new Regent's Mansion east of Fu You Street and south of Jinwen Street (now northwest of Zhongnanhai). The civil engineering of the new government was completed at the beginning, and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed before painting.
After the Revolution of 1911, Zai Feng still lived in Chunwangfu. After being expelled from the palace in 1924, Puyi stayed here for a while, then went to Tianjin and then to the northeast. In the meantime, Zai Feng moved to Tianjin and returned to Beijing on 1938 to live in Xiyuan. 1947, Zai Feng set up a competitive school in the front yard of Wang Fu residential area (Zhong Ling College), and then moved to Longhua Temple (now Houhai Kindergarten).
1949 In September, after the People's Liberation Army entered Beiping, Zai Feng sold all the houses of Qin Chun Wang Mi to the state. Wang Fu Zhonglu Road and Donglu Road, as the organs of the Ministry of Health, have established national higher technical schools in Xilu Road and Garden. 196 1 year, Xiyuan was rebuilt and became the residence of Soong Ching Ling. 1April, 963, Soong Ching Ling moved here. The year after her death, it was opened to the public as "the former residence of Soong Ching Ling".