As the first welcoming monument in the forest of steles, Shitai Xiaojing Monument stands on the central axis of Anbeilin Museum and is a treasure of the museum. According to legend, this tablet was inscribed in Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (745), and was prefaced, annotated and inscribed by the then (Tang Suzong) Prince. Inscriptions and official scripts follow the rules, with slight changes and rich colors, quite like tang style. The monument is hard and thin, and it is as bright as paint so far. It not only records the popular thought of "ruling the world with filial piety" in the Tang Dynasty, but also is an artistic treasure with great historical research value.
There are many versions about the reasons for setting up the monument. Xuanzong said that in order to avoid the taboo of "difficult to correct one's name" and ensure the throne, he announced that "filial piety" would rule the world. Another way of saying this is that Li Longji asked the vassal states to study the Book of Filial Piety, in order to encourage the longevity king to take filial piety as the first priority and give it to Yuhuan. What is the cause of the incident?
Xuanzong filial piety to avoid improper throne?
In 7 13 AD, Li Longji, king of Linzi, mutinied twice, killed his aunt Wei Ruyun, took over his aunt Princess Taiping, and became a father, Tang Ruizong, who became a yellow robe, known as Emperor Xuanzong in history. Some people say that in order to avoid the taboo of "difficult to correct one's name" and ensure the throne, Xuanzong announced that he would rule the world with "filial piety". Is that really the case?
According to the eldest son inheritance system, Tang Ruizong's third son, Li Longji, should not inherit the throne. However, Li Longji made great achievements in fighting against Webster's rebellion, and joined hands with Princess Taiping to push Tang Ruizong to the throne of the emperor. The contribution of this country is hard to drown, so Tang Ruizong is very embarrassed on the issue of building warehouses. Seeing his father's worries, Li Chengqi, the eldest son of Zong Rui (Li Longji's brother, later named Ning Wang), said: "The deputy (Crown Prince) is also a public instrument in the world. In times of peace, he must make progress first, and when the country is in trouble, he will make achievements." If time is lost, it will be disappointing at home, which is not the blessing of the country. I dare to die now. "After hearing this, Zong Rui still hesitated. When the finished product is finished, it will "cry for a few days" and "get to the point". Zong Rui was deeply moved by this sincerity to make way for the finished product and agreed to his request. When Li Longji knew this, he "tried to be a useful tool, then boycotted the table and made a solid concession". In this way, the two brothers were self-effacing again and again. Finally, Li Longji was made the Crown Prince, and Li Longji was justified as the emperor.
Professor Wang Shuanghuai, a history expert from Shaanxi Normal University, said that Li Longji was very grateful and friendly to his brother Li Chengqi, and he really gave in. After Li Longji became a prince, he made a big quilt and a long pillow to sleep with his brothers. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he built a building in Xingqing Palace where he worked, which was called "Flower Calyx Tonghui Building", meaning that brothers were as harmonious and friendly as calyx. In 7 14, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named his brother King of Song and worshipped General Zuo Wei. In July16, Li Chengqi was renamed Li Xian and promoted to Wang Ning for avoiding Zhao Chengdou, the mother of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In 733, he was promoted to Qiu; 74 1 year 1 1 month, Li Xian died at the age of 63. At that time, after hearing the news of his brother's death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty "burst into tears, hiding his face and crying on both sides". The next day, the imperial edict was issued to make a sacrificial vessel "Let the Emperor", and ordered the master of ceremonies to bury his brother in the specifications of the emperor, and named the mausoleum "Hui Ling". In addition, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty also had great affection for other brothers. In order to show that he shared happiness with his brothers, Tang Xuanzong also distributed the fairy medicine he brought to the kings. Feudal emperors of past dynasties instinctively and selfishly pursued immortality, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty distributed the medicine of immortality to his brothers, willing to live with them for a long time and fight with them at home, which is also a rare move to embody the spirit of "filial piety".
"Filial piety" in the Book of Filial Piety means filial piety. Filial piety refers to the love to repay parents; Praise refers to the friendship between brothers and sisters. Xuanzong not only sincerely treated his brother who gave him a abdication position, but also showed great filial piety to his parents. After his father Zong Rui died, he built a large-scale Tang Mausoleum-Qiaoling for his father. For the sake of his mother, every memorial day, he is also a big memorial to show his heart. Xuanzong not only set an example, but also asked officials to strictly observe filial piety. During Xuanzong period, the imperial court strictly implemented the "Ding You" system. In North Korea, if parents die, they must resign and go home to be filial for three years. Even if they have just become prime ministers, they should implement them, or they will be severely punished.
It can be said that every word and deed of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty is practicing filial piety. If he is putting on a show, he may not have the energy and time to do these things. After all, the emperor was still very busy, not to mention that the early Tang Xuanzong was a good emperor who tried to govern the country.
Tang Xuanzong used filial piety to win his son's love?
It is said that Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, fell in love with Yang Yuhuan, the princess of his own son Li Mao, so that he missed tea and rice day and night. Gao Lishi had a brainwave, and suggested that Li Longji let his ministers learn the Book of Filial Piety, so as to encourage Shouwang to take filial piety as the first priority and give it to Yuhuan. Li Longji readily adopted it and explained to the ministers: "The essence of filial piety lies in obedience, taking parents' wishes as their own wishes and parents' ideas as their own ideas." I hope that Shouwang will feel something. At the same time, Gao Lishi went one step further and recommended himself as a Taoist priest, thus removing the identity of Princess Shou. In the fourth year of Tianbao, after Xuanzong set up a filial piety monument, he wrote that Yuhuan returned to the secular world and conferred the title of imperial concubine.
Professor Wang said that this statement is biased. After all, when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty set up the stone tablet of the Book of Filial Piety, he had studied the Book of Filial Piety for more than 30 years, and the love between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei could not be established simply by the consciousness of longevity king. Without two of a kind, what is the eternal story?
According to historical records, in the winter of the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty visited Huaqing Palace and remembered the beautiful scene of living together with Wu Huifei. Once again, I was depressed because I didn't have a beautiful woman to accompany me. Seeing that Tang Xuanzong was often mentally empty and emotionally unstable, eunuch Gao Lishi and his accompanying ministers were very anxious. Gao Lishi had been a beauty pageant for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for many times, but Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ignored everything and showed no interest in concubines and folk women's training in the Inner Palace. Therefore, when Gao Lishi mentioned Yang Yuhuan, the "most beautiful woman", Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ignored the feelings of his father and son, and did not avoid suspicion of Weng's daughter-in-law, so he resolutely took the love in her arms. Agree with Gao Lishi to call Yang Yuhuan to the Hot Spring Palace.
After the death of Wu Huifei in the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Yang Yuhuan has been in mourning with Shou Wang Huan. Shortly before being summoned by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he had just been in mourning for three years and took off his mourning clothes. When she heard the imperial edict conveyed by Gao Lishi, she was naturally very happy. After all, she has not seen her father-in-law for a long time. At that time, she didn't know what medicine was sold in Gao Lishi's gourd, nor did she think of the real intention of Tang Xuanzong calling her to Huaqing Palace. There is no record of Yang Yuhuan's reaction to the request of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to enter the palace at that time. She may be shocked, because this is something she never thought or dared to think about. As the saying goes, if you want me to die, I have to die. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was the king and Yang Yuhuan was the minister. Tang Xuanzong asked her to be a concubine. Can she refuse? But then again, from the perspective of human relations, after all, it is the concubine of Shou Wanghuan. She is a married woman. Can she happily agree to Tang Xuanzong's request?
Professor Wang analyzed that from the actual situation at that time, there was probably a crack between him and Shouwang. First of all, their personalities are not consistent. According to historical records, Shou Wanghuan studied hard, liked calligraphy and remained quiet. Yang Yuhuan is an active person, especially fond of singing and dancing. They don't have the same language. Secondly, after their marriage, they have never given birth, that is, they have no offspring. Without offspring, you may get divorced. Shou Wanghuan liked Yang Yuhuan very much at first, but Yang Yuhuan never gave birth to his children. According to the ancients, there is a danger of childlessness, so Shou Wanghuan must be very unhappy. These two things together, slowly, there will be cracks in the relationship between the two people.
Tang Xuanzong is handsome, but more importantly, he is brilliant, especially he is proficient in temperament and keen on singing and dancing. There are many records about this in the literature. At this point, there are similarities between Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Yuhuan, and their hobbies have laid a solid foundation for their love. Judging from the later results, Yang Yuhuan finally agreed to Tang Xuanzong's request. And it is a sincere promise, willing to accept the request of Tang Xuanzong. Finally, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow eulogizes the love hymn. Although Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave up his beauty for Jiangshan in the end, Yang Yuhuan lived in his heart forever. Being in the DPRK, Xuanzong couldn't help it. After all, he knows which is more important.
Then why did he write the Book of Filial Piety with the imperial brush?
The Tang Dynasty advocated "filial piety" to govern the world, especially Xuanzong.
Since the Han Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have advocated "filial piety" to govern the country and level the world. The Tang Dynasty inherited and developed the culture of filial piety in the Han Dynasty and regarded "filial piety" as an important measure to govern the country and level the world. Since Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, filial piety has been vigorously advocated, and filial piety is regarded as an important magic weapon for governing the country and keeping the country safe. It is precisely because of this that the Tang people regarded the Confucian classic "The Classic of Filial Piety" as a must-read, so that it became a must-read for middle school students in the Tang Dynasty, thus enabling the filial piety culture to be passed down.
Of all the emperors in the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong was the best. He not only absorbed the Confucian master's interpretation of the Book of Filial Piety since the Han Dynasty, but also had his own opinions. Throughout his life, he annotated three classic works: the Confucian Classic of Filial Piety, the Taoist Classic of Tao Te Ching and the Buddhist Classic of Diamond Sutra. However, he paid different attention to these three classics, among which the Book of Filial Piety cost him the most effort.
It can be said that as early as the early years of Kaiyuan, he mobilized Confucian scholars to discuss and sort out the Book of Filial Piety, and then he personally annotated the Book of Filial Piety for the second time and ordered all families in the world to prepare. He even personally wrote an inscription on imperial academy's stone tablet, which took nearly 30 years. On the other hand, the annotation of Tao Te Ching is only a draft for public comment, and the annotation of Diamond Sutra is also a rough first draft. Moreover, in the history of Confucian classics, the annotations made by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for the Book of Filial Piety are incomparable with the Tao Te Ching and the Diamond Sutra. According to statistics, he made 194 comments on the Book of Filial Piety, with about 2699 words and 438 words in sequence. It can be said that the Annotation to the Classic of Filial Piety written by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty is the most important and influential one in the history of the study of the Classic of Filial Piety. Later, the Book of Filial Piety, which was personally annotated by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, became a model for students to learn and made his people follow filial piety in their understanding of the Book of Filial Piety.
When the story of Shitai Xiaobei was finished, the story about the monument came out. Xuanzong erected a monument, but he didn't show it to the whole world, nor did he win his son's love with it. He just left his 30-odd years' research on the Book of Filial Piety to future generations in the form of a monument for others to learn and inherit Chinese virtues. Of course, this is inseparable from his political ambition, otherwise there will be no prosperous new century. Of course, he also left his own Mo Bao for future generations to admire. After all, in the Tang Dynasty, few people could surpass his official script.