Before learning seal cutting, you must be prepared.
1. Indian Dao
Seal cutter is the main tool. Knife edge, generally engraved with a flat knife. The front angle of the blade should not be too sharp or blunt, and generally it is appropriate to range from 45 degrees to 15 degrees. The pavilion is generally about 15 cm long, slightly higher than the tiger's mouth.
2. Pen, ink and inkstone are used for copying, drafting and extension.
Generally, two pens should be prepared, one is new and the other is old, which are used for copying, drawing, turning pages and putting stones. A wool varies in size, the big one is used to write Yin Gao, and the small one is used to dip in water to extend the boundary.
An ingot of ink, oily smoke ink, or a bottle of better calligraphy and painting ink (such as China ink stick and Cao Sugong ink). ).
You can prepare two small inkstones. If you don't need to grind cinnabar, an inkstone will do. Ordinary bluestone inkstones can be used as inkstones.
Sandpaper is used to polish Yin Shi.
4. Yin Chuang Yin Chuang is used to fix the seal, so as to save time and effort when carving.
5. Printing is used to brush the printed surface.
6. Brown brooms are generally called "brown tigers" and are used to expand border payments.
7. When it is an extended paragraph, use the expansion package.
8. Yin Yin Gui Gui is used for the position of the frame, and the seal is printed in Bell.
9. Printing ribs are used to mix inkpad.
10, small glass mirror
1 1. Other examples are Yin He (or seal cover) for seal protection and hard rubber pad for bell printing; Saw Yin Shi's hacksaw, soft cloth (or small towel) to wipe the seal, etc.
Seal materials include copper, stone, gold, jade, wood, teeth, bone, brick, plexiglass products and so on. But now, as wood in seal cutting, stone is the main material. Lithographic materials have been used by Indians since the Ming and Qing Dynasties because they are soft, brittle, greasy, moderately hard, easy to cut and can show the unique charm of stones. At the same time, it also promoted the development of seal cutting. Yin Shi has many producing areas and different textures, among which Qingtian and Shoushan Stone are the best, with large output, low price and good quality, which can be bought everywhere.
Ink is the medium to convey seal cutting, and its quality directly affects the effect of seal cutting's expression.
Yin Gao's writing method
First, turn the transparent paper designed by Yin Gao upside down and copy the stone with a pencil according to the "reverse draft", and then copy it with a brush.
Use knife method
Seal cutting is a combination of calligraphy and carving art, so the former calls the carving knife an iron pen. My predecessors talked about the art of using saber, and there are many names, which are almost mysterious. In fact, the knife method is nothing more than punching and cutting.
[Punching knife] Push the knife forward with the lines to be engraved at the corner of the knife, and press the ring finger on the edge of the lithograph to control the conveying speed. However, this kind of "punch" is not a hit, but a punch in one section, which can avoid the shortcoming of not being dignified enough, and the punch angle is small, about 30.
[Cutter] The grip angle of the cutter is straighter than that of the punching cutter, about 60. The lines cut by the cutter are shorter, and the longer lines are divided by repeated actions according to different angles. Due to the lack of momentum of pure knives, it is generally appropriate to use both punches and punches, relying on the whole body's virtual strength to transport between fingers through elbows and wrists, rather than relying on the big movements of arms.
White sculpture
There are single-knife and double-knife conveying. A single knife is a straight knife (on the other hand, if you take a knife in the middle of the knife mark and take away the zigzag cracks in some strokes a little, it won't be too thin)? Not suitable for beginners, so I won't focus on it here.
Cut off the strokes with double knives, that is, cut one side of the seal into four times with assembly line method: ① cut out the lower part of the horizontal strokes in turn, and turn the lithograph 180. (2) Complete the carving of the upper part of the horizontal stroke, and gently rotate the knife angle to repair both ends of the stroke. ③ ④ The vertical lines are also carved twice according to the above method, and finally the edges and some shortcomings are cleaned up. At present, "it is better to make the knife insufficient than redundant", because the shortage can be made up and the surplus cannot be made up.
Zhu Wen engraving
Carving Zhu is the opposite of carving, that is, leaving strokes and margins and carving all the open spaces outside. There is also a double-knife-loss operation method, in which a version is divided into four quarters, and finally the margins are cleaned to remove the residual parts other than strokes and margins. Seal cutting doesn't have to be carved too deep, and the carving knife must be close to the strokes, otherwise it will make people feel that the white text becomes thinner and the Zhu text becomes thicker after carving the cymbals. No matter how Zhu Wen and Bai Wen carve it, they should finish it all at once, that is, they should carve it as thoughtfully as possible and write it in style. According to the specific situation of printing, it is also very important to adjust the cutter conveying speed at any time and change the direction and angle of the blade. Large prints should be heavy and steady, while small prints should be light and smooth. Don't break the strokes if you don't have a good grasp of the weight, or make the whole printing rigid because of repeated scraping. Everything must be studied and practiced hard, so that you can be familiar with it and use it freely.