Celebrity name: Liu Yong (Qing Dynasty)
Born: 1719～1804
Celebrity title: politician, calligrapher
Celebrity Country: China (Qing Dynasty)
Related introduction:
Liu Yong (1719～1804), named Chongru, named Shi'an, and also Qingyuan, Xiangyan, Dongwu and Mu'an , Minghua, Riguanfeng Taoren and other names were born in Panggezhuang, Zhucheng County (now part of Gaomi City). He was an important official in the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, and he reached the rank of Tirenge University Scholar. He was famous for his law-abiding, honest, upright and courageous advice. His calligraphy is rich in flavor and has the style of a temple. He was the most famous master of calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty. He liked to use thick ink when writing calligraphy, so he was also called the "Prime Minister of Thick Ink" by the world.
Liu Tang became a Jinshi in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1751). He left the academy a year later, taught editing and editing, entered the official career, and then moved to serve as a lecturer. In October of the 20th year of Qianlong's reign (1755), his father Liu Tongxun (then governor of Shaanxi and Gansu) was imprisoned for improper handling of military affairs. Liu Yong was implicated and arrested and treated. However, he was released and demoted to editor. In June of the following year, he served as the examiner of the Guangxi Provincial Examination. In October, he was promoted to Anhui Academic Affairs. During his tenure, in view of the chaotic situation in the management of the tribute supervisors at that time, Shangshu "asked the states and counties to restrain the tribute supervisors and ordered them to inspect the pros and cons", and proposed practical remedies, which were "approved by the ministry."
In October of the 24th year of Qianlong's reign (1759), he was transferred to Jiangsu Academic Affairs. During his tenure, he also wrote: "Those who cause trouble in prisons and act recklessly will be looked down upon by prefecture and county officials and will not do anything to harm them. (Administrative officials) are not only afraid of being unruly to the people, but also afraid of prisons, and are also afraid of subordinate servants. Hesitating in matters, not distinguishing between innocent and innocent, and not punishing those who should be punished after being convicted, are really lazy and idle, and they are cheating on each other because they have to betray each other." This view is profound and hits the mark. Therefore, he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Qianlong, who praised his "knowledge of government system" and appointed him as the prefect of Taiyuan Prefecture in Shanxi Province in the 27th year of Qianlong's reign (1762).
In the 30th year of Qianlong's reign (1765), he was promoted to Jining Daotai. The next year, when he was the magistrate of Taiyuan, he failed to detect that Duan, the magistrate of Yangqu County, where he belonged, successfully embezzled money from the national treasury. He was found guilty, dismissed from office, and sentenced to death. Because Emperor Qianlong loved his talents, he was especially favored and exempted from his crimes, and he was sent to the military station (the postal post office for transmitting military reports and official documents on the northwest two routes of the Qing Dynasty) to serve as atonement. The following year, he was pardoned and returned, ordered to work at the book repair office. In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1769), he was granted the title of magistrate of Jiangning Prefecture, with a clear name. The next year, it moved to Jiangxi Yanyi Road. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong's reign (1772), he was promoted to be the envoy of Shaanxi Province. The next year, his father Liu Tongxun died of illness and he returned home to mourn.
In March of the 41st year of Qianlong's reign (1776), Liu Yong returned to Beijing after his mourning period. The Qing court remembered Liu Tongxun's many years of merit and found that Liu Yong's knowledge of utensils was useful. He was awarded the cabinet bachelor's degree and moved to the south study room. In October, he served as the vice president of the "Sikuquanshu" library, and was responsible for the "Illustrated Records of the Western Regions" and "Research on the Old News of Japan", and served as the president. In July of the following year, he served as the examiner of the Jiangnan Provincial Examination. Soon after, he was reinstated as the academic administrator of Jiangsu Province. During his tenure, he once accused Xu Shukui, a scholar in Qinzhou, of writing rebellious works and demanded that he be punished according to law. At the end of the year (the forty-third year of Qianlong's reign), Liu Yong impeached Xu Shuling for his rebellious writings and outstanding achievements in supervising the school. He moved him to the right minister of the household department, and later the right minister of the official department.
In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1780), he was appointed governor of Hunan. At that time, many places in Hunan were hit by disasters, and victims were everywhere. Robbery cases also occurred in the prefectures and counties without disasters. Corrupt officials were rampant, and people complained. After Liu Yong took office, he found out the reasons, impeached corrupt officials according to the facts, and recommended strict punishment; he also inspected the inventory, built city walls, built storage valleys, provided relief to the victims, and allowed the private sector to mine saltpeter. In just over a year, the treasury was abundant and the people had plenty of food, and Liu Yong won the love of the people.
In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1781), Liu Yong was moved to serve as the imperial censor of Zuodu of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In March of the following year, he still joined Zhinan Study Room; soon after, he became the president of Santong Museum. At this time, the imperial censor Qian Feng impeached the Shandong governor Guotai for forming cliques and engaging in selfish activities. Liu Yong was ordered to try the Shandong governor's fraud case together with He Shen. Liu Yong went to Shandong, pretended to be a Taoist, and made a private visit on foot. He found out that Shandong had been hit by disasters for three consecutive years, and Cathay took credit for the disaster and repaid the disaster with prosperity. When taxing, all those who were unable to pay were punished; and nine Jinshi and Juren who went to the province to plead for the people were killed. When they arrived in Jinan, after interrogation, it was found out that Cathay Pacific was aware of the corruption case, so they collected money in an attempt to cover up the crime. Liu Yong truthfully reported to the court, opened a warehouse to help the people, and captured Cathay and returned to Beijing. At this time, the imperial concubine had interceded for Cathay, and some censors also agreed. He Shen also intended to protect Cathay. Liu Yong then used the evidence obtained from private investigations to enumerate Cathay's crimes, argued with arguments, and finally brought Cathay to justice.
In handling the Cathay case, Liu Yong was not afraid of authority, upright, selfless, and resourceful. Together with Qian Feng, he defeated the obstruction of the imperial concubine, He Shen and others and successfully implemented the laws of the Qing Dynasty and eliminated harm for the people. Later, people wrote a popular novel "The Case of Liu Gong" based on this incident, praising this "official" Mr. Liu.
After the Cathay case was concluded, Liu Yong was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and also in charge of the affairs of the Imperial College. Soon he was awarded the title of Minister of the Ministry of Works, and also served as the chief master of the upper study room. In June of the forty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1783), he was ordered to serve as the Governor-General of Zhili. In August, he transferred the Ministry of Personnel to the Ministry of Official Affairs, and soon the official examination of Chongshun Tianxiang Examination was held. At the end of the year, he served as a lecturer at the Sutra feast. In May of the following year, he took charge of the affairs of the Imperial College again. In June, the co-sponsored bachelor's degree was awarded. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong's reign (1786), he was the vice president of Chongyu Museum (where the genealogy of emperors was compiled).
In April of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1789), the masters above were absent from the study for a long time. As the chief master, Liu Yong refused to correct them and was demoted to the rank of assistant minister. Soon, he was awarded the cabinet bachelor's degree and admiral Shuntian studied politics. At the beginning of the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1791), he moved the imperial censor Zuo Yushi to the capital, promoted him to be the minister of the Ministry of Rites, and once again took charge of the affairs of the Imperial College. In May, he was also appointed Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. In April of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Liu Yong was awarded the title of Bachelor of Tirenge. In May, he was ordered to go to Shandong with Shangshu Qinggui to handle the case and inspect the breach of the Yellow River. After inspecting the Yellow River, he asked Yu Qiu to "block and build" the breach and "dredge" the lower reaches. The court accepted his opinion. In March of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Prince Shaobao was added. Later, he was ordered to handle the case of Wenhuadian University Scholar and Shen Zhidang engaging in personal gain, taking advantage of power and accepting bribes. Liu Yong was not afraid of power, and quickly found out 20 crimes committed by He Kun and his gang members, including extortionate expropriation, looting people's fat, and corruption for self-enrichment, and reported them to the court. The emperor executed He Shen and confiscated his family property.
At the end of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Liu Yong wrote a book about the canal administration. He was deeply aware of the loopholes in the canal transportation, and his concern for the country and the people was beyond words. After reading it, the Emperor Jiaqing was deeply convinced. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Liu Yong served as the president of the Guildian Hall.
Liu Yong is not only a politician, but also a famous calligrapher. He is a master of calligraphy and one of the four major calligraphers in the Qing Dynasty (the other three are Prince Cheng, Weng Fanggang and Tie Bao). Xu Ke of the Qing Dynasty praised Liu Yong in his "Qing Bailei Chao": "Critics of Wenqing calligraphy, such as the sound of Huang Zhongda Lu and the utensils of Qing temples and Mingtang, have praised him as the top calligrapher of his generation. This is due to his integration of calligraphy of all dynasties. Everyone's calligraphy is unique. The so-called Jin Sheng Yu Zhen is the great success of the group of saints. From the time he entered the Ci Hall to the stage, his body has changed repeatedly and is unpredictable. "Liu Yong is a good and creative calligrapher. Ancient but not rigid. The characteristics of Liu Yong's calligraphy are thick and thick ink, strong and vigorous body, thick and solid, and unique appearance. Liu Yong's calligraphy is especially good at lower regular script. Later generations praised his small regular script, which not only had the standards of Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, but also won the charm of the small regular script of Wei and Jin Dynasties. Liu Yong was also a Gong Wenhan. He had extensive knowledge of hundreds of schools of thought, studied ancient texts intensively, and was good at calligraphy and prose. He became famous for a while. He is the author of "Shi'an Poetry Collection" which has been published in the world.
In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), the emperor visited Rehe and ordered Liu Yong to stay in Beijing and preside over the government. At this time, he was more than eighty years old, but he was as light and healthy as ever, with bright eyes and a cold light that was stunning.
In December of the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), Liu Tang died in office at the age of 85. After his death, he was given the title of Taibao to the crown prince, with the posthumous title of Wenqing. He was enshrined in the Xianliang Temple and ordered to be buried.