Chinese (Shaanxi Volume)
Reading questions in Volume I
A required questions
1. Reading modern literature (9 points, 3 points for each small question)
Read the following text and complete questions 1-3.
The word "book" originally refers to characters, and the word "book" mentioned now is not from characters, nor from the "six books" of philology, but from the art of calligraphy. Calligraphy has a far-reaching influence on the Chinese nation, and "book" and "gold", "stone" and "painting" are both called and occupy a very important position in China culture. Calligraphy is an art, and it is loved by the broad masses of people. As soon as China's Chinese characters appeared, the writers had the requirement and desire to "write beautifully". Oracle Bone Inscriptions, for example, is like this. Although the font is complicated, the structure and composition should be good-looking, regardless of the single word or the whole word. It can be seen that since the action of writing, it has been accompanied by artistic requirements and aesthetic requirements.
Both Qin Li and han li have just evolved from seal script, which is monotonous and laborious to write. Therefore, after the Jin Dynasty, real books (also known as regular script and official book) began to appear and gradually shaped. Although each family has different writing methods and styles, the font structure is the same. In history, seal script, official script, etc. have not been used as long as the real book. The real book is still in use today because of its fixed font, natural stroke turning and continuous writing, and it is easy to be found if you write more than one stroke. A real book is a running script if it is written in a lingering way, and a cursive script if it is written faster. Another source of cursive script is the cursive script from the Han Dynasty, that is, writing cursive script with the brushwork of real books, which is different from writing cursive script with han li's brushwork. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it merged with the cursive script changed from real books.
The writing of real books is very convenient, so various works are constantly emerging, with diverse artistic styles and various fonts, such as Yan Ti, Liu Ti, European Ti and Chu Ti. Before this, no one specialized in writing and was famous for calligraphy. Even Wang Xizhi was not a specialized writer, and there was no such name as "calligrapher" in ancient times. At that time, many tablets were written by craftsmen who carved tablets. By the Tang Dynasty, it was common for literati to write tablets. Emperor Taizong loved to write, wrote two tablets, the inscription of Jin Ci and Wenquan Ming, and sent the rubbings of these two tablets to foreign envoys. At that time, literati and famous officials such as Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and later Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan all wrote tablets, so the schools of calligraphy gradually increased, and their tablets have been handed down to this day. In fact, the level of documents and scriptures unearthed in Dunhuang, Turpan and other places today really exceeds that of tablets handed down from ancient times. Among the documents of ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty, there are also calligraphy that is better than the inscription of Jin Ci | Wenquanming. However, those written by emperors and officials are valued, and the works of many unknown calligraphers are unknown.
In ancient times, a good calligraphy work was called "Dharma Book", which means that this work is sufficient for Dharma, and "calligraphy", "calligraphy way" and "calligraphy art" refer to writing methods; Now that they are combined into one, they are all called "calligraphy". Calligraphy plays a great role in people's lives, from calligraphy works, artistic decoration to correspondence. At the same time, calligraphy activities can not only cultivate artistic sentiment, but also adjust the heart and nourish the spirit, and achieve fitness effects. People in the northern dynasties once said, "A thousand miles away, a thousand miles away." When I saw a letter, I felt very cordial, as if I had met someone. Calligraphy is regarded as the representative of human character and image, which has been the case since ancient times. (Excerpted from Qigong's Random Talk on Jinshi Calligraphy and Painting)
1. The following statement about "book" does not conform to the original meaning:
a. In Chinese, "book" can refer to both written symbols and the "book" of the "six books" in philology. This article is about the so-called "book" from the perspective of calligraphy art.
B. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the structure and composition of a single word or a whole word are already very beautiful. It can be seen that as soon as Chinese characters appeared, there was a requirement for "calligraphy".
C. In history, "book" and "gold", "stone" and "painting" are also called, and they also occupy a very important position in China culture because of their far-reaching influence.
D. Real books are easy to write, and various works appear constantly, forming different fonts such as Yan Ti and Liu Ti, which are divided according to the artistic style of "books".
2. The following understanding, which does not conform to the original meaning, is
A. A real book is a running script, and a faster running script is a cursive script, which is a source of cursive script. Another source of cursive script is Zhangcao, which was formed by writing Zhangcao with han li's brushwork.
B. Qin Li and han li both evolved from seal script, which is monotonous and troublesome to write. So after the Jin Dynasty, real books came into being and have been used until today.
C. In ancient times, there were no people who specialized in writing and were famous for their calligraphy at first, until it became a trend for literati to write tablets in the Tang Dynasty, and Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and others became calligraphers.
D. In ancient times, "calligraphy" refers to the method of writing, and "calligraphy" refers to good calligraphy works. Now, the two are combined and called "calligraphy".
3. The following understanding and analysis do not conform to the original content:
A. In terms of the complexity of glyphs, Qin Li and han li surpass the real book, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions surpasses Qin Li and han li, which can be said to be the fundamental reason why the real book has been used for a long time.
B. In ancient times, there were not many schools of calligraphy. At that time, there was not even the name of "calligrapher". But in the Tang Dynasty, calligraphy flourished and schools gradually increased. It seems that the development of calligraphy has a great relationship with the advocacy of society.
C. China people have regarded calligraphy as a representative of people's character and image since ancient times, so people in the Northern Dynasties called "letters written in letters, with a thousand miles of features", which means that people today call it "seeing the characters as they see the people".
D. In the Tang Dynasty, some unknown calligraphers were also very high-level. In fact, the calligraphy of Tang Dynasty tablets did not represent the highest level at that time, but they were praised by the world because they were written by emperors and officials.
reading ancient poems (36 points)
(1) reading classical Chinese (19 points)
read the following classical Chinese and complete 4~7 questions.
Huayun is a Huaiyuan person. He looks great and black, and he is extremely brave. In the thirteenth year of Zhizheng, Zhang Jian paid tribute to Mao in Linhao. Surprise their talents, so that the soldiers will be slightly, and they will be able to do their best. Taizu will take Chuzhou, ride forward at a rate, and follow the clouds. Thousands of thieves were suddenly encountered, and Mao Yunyi drew his sword and galloped into the array. The thief was shocked and said, "This black general is very brave, so he should not be the front." When the soldiers arrived, they seized Chuzhou. Mao crossed the river, and the clouds helped first. Both grams of peace, with loyalty and courage to stay around. Mr. Zhuo, the general manager, is loyal to Zhenjiang, Danyang, Dantu and Jintan. After crossing the horse and carrying sand, hundreds of thieves blocked the road and fought. Cloud and fight for three days and nights, all captured and killed. Taizu set up the Privy Council in Taiping, and he was sentenced by Yunyuan. Life tends to be peaceful, and the soldiers are trapped in the mountains for eight days, and the thieves are entangled. Yun Cao spear clamored for entry and exit, beheaded hundreds of times, and missed a shot. Still stationed in Taiping, Chen Youliang took the boat as his master. Yun and marshal Zhu Wenxun fought in battle, and Wenxun died. Thieves can't enter for three days, so they ride up in a huge boat and climb up the edge of the boat. When the city fell, the thief tied the cloud, and the cloud shouted loudly, and it was tied to the ground. He took the defender's knife and killed five or six people, cursing, "The thief is not my main enemy, so it's boring!" When the thief was angry, he smashed his head, tied it to the cluster and shot it. He scolded the thief a lot, and his voice was still strong until he died, and he was nine in his thirties. Taizu, the king of Wu, pursued the title of Hou of Yundong Qiujun and set up a loyal minister's shrine to worship him. When the battle was in a hurry, Yun's wife offered sacrifices to her family's temple, and when she was three years old, she cried to her family, "If the city is broken, my husband will die, and my righteousness will not survive alone. However, we must not leave Hua's family without an heir. If we wait for good care." When the cloud is held, it will die in the water. After serving the children and grandchildren, they took their children on a trip and were taken to Jiujiang. Sun went to a fisherman at night and took off his hairpin to raise him. When the Han army was defeated, Sun Fu stole his son and crossed the river. When the army seized the boat and abandoned it in the river, he broke the wood and entered Weizhou, picking lotus seeds and feeding his son. He did not die for seven days. Over the years, it reached the Taizu Institute. Sun hugged his son and wept, and Mao also wept. He put his son on his knee and said, "I will plant it." Give your child a name. His fifth grandson invited Sejong to present Mrs. Gao Zhenlie and Sun Anren and set up a shrine to offer sacrifices. (Excerpt from Ming History? Biography of Flowers and Clouds)
Note: The defeated army.
4. The incorrect explanation of the words added in the following sentence is (3 points)
A. Claw sword and bow to the great ancestor in Linhao Staff: holding
B. Encountering thousands of thieves, cloud wing and great ancestor wing: protecting
C. Thieves are not our main enemies, Disappear: submit to
D. favor Zhenjiang, Danyang, Dantu, Jintan: plunder
5. In the following sentences, all of them show that Hua Yunyi is bold (3 points)
① Draw a sword and leap into the array; ② General Hei is brave, and should not be the front; ③ behead hundreds. Yunfen shouted
⑤ He grabbed the defender's knife and killed five or six people. ⑤ He cursed the thief a lot until he died.
A.124B.13⑤
C.236D.456⑤
6. The following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text is incorrect (3 points)
A. Huayun was stationed in Taiping, and Chen Youliang led the navy to attack the city. Marshal Zhu Wenxun died and he was captured. Huayun was fearless in the face of danger, and at the moment of being killed, she still loudly denounced the thieves.
B. Hua Yun is brave and outstanding, and his talent is deeply appreciated by Mao. In the thirteenth year of Zhengzheng, he paid a visit to Mao, and stood up in times of distress to save Mao from difficulties. Since then, he has led troops to fight many times, established outstanding military exploits, and was promoted by Mao.
C. Hua Yun's wife is determined to be a martyr for her husband. Seeing the urgency of the war, Huayun's wife knew that her husband's life was in danger, saying that she would never live alone and entrusted her three-year-old son to a servant at home. After Huayun was taken, his wife died without water.
D. Hua Yun's son, Hua Wei, survived through hardships. After the death of Huayun's wife, the servant picked up Huahui and fled for his life, and was taken to Jiujiang. The servant took him to a fisherman's house, and later took him across the river, only to come to Taizu one year later.
7. Translate the underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (1 points)
(1) Thieves are not allowed to enter for three days, so they ride up in a huge boat and climb up at the tail of the boat.
(2) When the army seized the boat and abandoned it in the river, it broke the wood and went into Weizhou, collecting lotus seeds and feeding the children, but it didn't die for seven days.
(2) Reading ancient poems (11 points)
Read the following Yuefu poem and complete 8~9 questions.
rain and snow bend the river ①
rain and snow are separated by Yuxi ②, and military service takes place in Longxi ③. See the fox trail around the array and the horseshoe by the mountain.
in cold weather, the flags are colored badly, and the drums are low. The long and gloomy clouds rise, and the desolation is lost.
note ① general manager Jiang (518~59): Chen was a litterateur in the Southern Dynasties, who was born in Kaocheng, Jiyang (now Lankao, Henan). Li Shiliang, Chen and Sui Dynasties. ② Yuxi: refers to the frontier fortress.
③ Longxi: In the eastern part of Gansu today.
8. What kind of environment does this poem describe? What do you mean by "going the other way" in the last sentence?
9. The poet put "bad flag" and "low drum sound" after "cold weather" and "dark ground" respectively. What are the advantages of this writing? What kind of feelings does this poem show about the guards? (6 points)
(3) dictation of famous articles and sentences (6 points)
1. Fill in the blanks in the following famous articles and sentences. (6 points)
(1) Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the gentleman is knowledgeable and the Japanese ginseng saves himself. Persuade to learn ")
If gold is sharp, it will be beneficial, then it will be clear and there will be no mistakes.
(2) There are always swift horses. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by slaves, and it is not called a thousand miles. (Han Yu's Miscellaneous Essays (IV))
And Bole doesn't often die in the trough
(3) Don't laugh at the farmer's wine. There is no way to recover from heavy mountains and heavy waters. (Lu You's "Tour Shanxi Village")
In a good year, there are enough chickens, dolphins, willows and bright flowers in another village
B-choice questions
III. Reading literary texts (25 points)
11. Read the following text and complete questions (1) to (4). (25 points)
Protecting People Law Mo Bosang
Malan never dreamed of such a good career!
one morning, he read in the newspaper that a former classmate had recently become a member of parliament. Malan became his classmate's friend again.
Soon, the MP became a minister, and half a year later, Malan was appointed as a counselor of the Administrative Court.
at first, he was a little carried away. To show off, he walked up and down the street, as if others could guess his identity as soon as they saw him. Later, out of a sense of responsibility of a powerful and magnanimous person, he felt an irresistible desire to protect others. No matter where he meets an acquaintance, he is happy to meet him. Without waiting for someone to ask, he quickly said, "You know, I am a counselor now and I really want to help you. If there is anything you can do for me, please feel free to ask. I have power in this position. "
whenever he got the chance, he offered unlimited and generous help to anyone. He writes ten, twenty and fifty letters of introduction to people every day, and he writes them to all officials. He feels happy, extremely happy.
one morning, he was going to the administrative court, and it was raining outside.
it is raining harder and harder. He had to take shelter from the rain at the door of a house. There is already an old priest there. Before joining the Senate, he didn't like priests. Since a cardinal politely asked him for advice on a thorny matter, he also respected them. He looked at the priest and asked with concern, "Where are you going?"
The priest hesitated, and after a while he said, "I'm heading for the palace."
"If you like, Father, I can share my umbrella with you. I'll go to the administrative court. I am the counselor there. "
The priest looked up at him and said, "Thank you, I accept your kindness."
Malan went on to say, "You probably came to Paris for fun."
The priest replied, "No, I have something to do."
"oh! Is it an important thing? If you need me, just let me know. "
the priest seems to be in a dilemma. Hesitantly said, "Ah! It's an insignificant private matter ... a little misunderstanding. You won't be interested. But ... it's an internal ... church thing. "
"alas, this is under the jurisdiction of the administrative court. Just tell me. "
"sir, I'm going to the administrative court, too. It's very kind of you. I'm going to see Mr. Le Pei and Mr. Saon. Maybe I have to see Mr. Petipa. "
"Oh, they are all my best friends, scraping colleagues. I sincerely go to entrust your relationship. Just wrap it on me. "
The priest mumbled many words of gratitude.
ma Lan Gaoxing is wonderful. "Hum!