The Rosetta Stone is engraved with three language versions of the same imperial edict from top to bottom, namely Egyptian hieroglyphics (also known as sacred relics, representing words dedicated to the gods), Egyptian cursive scripts (also known as Egyptian popular characters, used by Egyptian civilians at that time) and ancient Greek characters (representing the language of rulers). This is because Egypt at that time had surrendered to the Alexander Empire of Greece and came from. Shortly after the end of the 4th century BC, the reading and writing methods of Egyptian hieroglyphs, which were no longer used in the Nile civilization, were completely lost. Despite the best efforts of many archaeologists and historians, they can't understand the structure and usage of these mysterious characters. It was not until 1400 years later that the Rosetta Stone was excavated, and its unique trilingual text unexpectedly became the key to decoding, because the ancient Greek in the three languages can be read by modern humans. Through the comparative analysis of the contents of the other two languages on the stone tablet, we can understand the writing and grammatical structure of these lost languages.
Among many scholars who tried to interpret the Rosetta Stone,/kloc-Thomas, an English physicist in the early 9th century? Thomas Young was the first person to prove that Ptolemy's name was mentioned many times in the inscription. As for the French scholar Jean-Francois? Champollion (Jean-Fran? Ois Champollion) was the first to learn that Egyptian hieroglyphics, which have always been regarded as ideographs, originally had phonetic function, which became the key clue to interpret all Egyptian hieroglyphics. It is for this reason that the Rosetta Stone will be called the key foundation for understanding the language and culture of ancient Egypt.
Code of hammurabi is a law promulgated by the sixth king of Babylon, Hammurabi (reigned before 1792- 1750). It is considered to be the earliest system code in the world, which was produced 3800 years ago. The full text of the code is engraved in cuneiform, with 282 articles except preface and conclusion. Including litigation procedures, damages, tenancy relationship, creditor's rights and debts, property inheritance, slave disposal, etc.
190 1 was discovered in Iran. It is a black basalt cylinder and is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. At the upper end of the column is a relief, in which Hammurabi took the scepter from Chamakh, the sun god.
3。 Misha stone tablet, also known as Moab stone, is a black basalt stone tablet, which records the deeds of King Misha of Moab in the 9th century BC. It was discovered in 1868 and is now kept in the Louvre Museum in France. The archaeological significance of Misha stone tablet has two aspects: one is to prove that Moab had writing at that time; Second, prove that the events about Israel and the Moab war in the Bible [1] are historical facts.
Misha stone tablet is1.24m high and 0.71.71.0m wide. There are 34 lines of inscriptions on the front of the stone tablet, written in the original Hebrew alphabet. The inscription was probably written in 850 BC to commemorate King Misha's victory over King Omri of Israel. This stone tablet was discovered in Diben, Jordan on 1868. It was owned by the local Arabs and was still intact at that time. At that time, Rev. F. A. Klein, a German missionary sent to Jerusalem, found this stone tablet and wanted to buy it. However, due to lack of funds, he needs to return to Europe to raise funds. However, after he left, the original owner heated the stone tablet and threw cold water on it to make it break into pieces in order to ask the Klingon people for more money. Fortunately, before the Federation returned to Europe, it had already made rubbings for the stone tablets, so as to rearrange them according to the inscriptions in the future [2]. At present, the stone tablet is stored in the Louvre. But there are still fragments of stone tablets that cannot be restored.