China Grottoes originated from India. The traditional grottoes in India are mainly stone carvings, while the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are mainly clay murals because rocks are not suitable for carving. Generally, the whole cave used to be round, and then it gradually faded into high plastic, shadow plastic and wall plastic. Finally, with the mural as the background, the two arts of plastic and painting were combined.
2. Yungang Grottoes-Buddha Statue
Yungang Grottoes, with a long history, large scale, rich content and exquisite carving, are known as the miracle in the history of China fine arts. There are buddhas, bodhisattvas, disciples, protectors and other lifelike figures in the cave group.
There are imitation wood buildings with simple style and diverse shapes; There are Buddhist reliefs with outstanding themes and skillful knife skills; There are rich and complicated compositions and exquisite decorative patterns; There are also ancient musical instrument sculptures in China, such as Zou, Paixiao, Zan and Pipa, which are colorful and dazzling.
3. Maijishan Grottoes-Statues
The art of Maijishan Grottoes is famous at home and abroad for its exquisite clay sculptures. Historian Fan Wenlan once praised Maijishan as a "big exhibition hall for displaying statues". If Dunhuang is a big mural museum, Maijishan is a big sculpture museum.
The statues here are as high as 15 meters and as small as 20 centimeters, which embodies the characteristics of statues in various eras in the Millennium and systematically reflects the development and evolution of clay sculpture art in China.
4. Longmen Grottoes-Stone Carvings
The grottoes and temples in Longmen area show the largest and best plastic arts in China from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (AD 493-907). These works of art describe the religious themes in Buddhism in detail and represent the highest peak of stone carving art in China.
Extended data:
The Mogao Grottoes are strategically located on the Silk Road. It is not only a transit point for East-West trade, but also a meeting point of religion, culture and knowledge. The 492 small grottoes and grotto temples in Mogao Grottoes are famous for their statues and murals, showing the Buddhist art that has lasted for thousands of years.
There are 252 niches and more than 565,438+0,000 statues in Yungang Grottoes, which represent the excellent Buddhist grottoes art in China in the 5th and 6th centuries. Twenty Longmen Grottoes are precious works of Weibei calligraphy. Represents the style of Weibei. Strong and generous, vigorous and powerful. It is the font of transition from official script to regular script. There are nineteen grades in Guyangdong.
Maijishan Grottoes was founded in 384 AD. After more than ten generations of continuous excavation and repair, it has become one of the famous large grottoes in China and a world-famous art treasure house.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Grottoes
Baidu encyclopedia-Yungang grottoes