Question 2: Who are Su Shi's four students? Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and Chao He are also called "Four Bachelor of Su Men".
Question 3: Who are the four bachelor's degree, four bachelor's degree and six gentlemen of Sumen respectively? Four bachelor's degree in Sumen: Northern Song Dynasty writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao He.
The last four: Liao Zhengyi, Dong Rong and Li.
Six gentlemen of Sumen: Huang Tingjian, Chao, Horror, Li De.
Question 4: How does Su Zhecong, a female literature in Song Dynasty, evaluate Li Qingzhao and a person, mainly from the social contribution of this person. In the long patriarchal society in ancient China, women's wisdom and talent were buried. Li Qingzhao can be said to be a female writer who awakened her consciousness earlier in thousands of years of history. Her outstanding contribution lies not only in her "arrogance of past lives" and "overwhelming desire for men" in the ci world, but also in her setting up a rebellious spirit for later women.
First, the causes of personality
Personality refers to the characteristics of people's thoughts and actions, which is produced by the movement of the objective social relations system in which individual activities participate, and is a distinctive personality that individuals can form in social activities and education. Li Qingzhao's distinctive rebellious character was formed in her early life and environment.
Li Qingzhao (1084 ――1155), a native of Jinan, Shandong. China, a famous poetess in the Song Dynasty, was born in an upper-class scholar-bureaucrat family with rich books. His father, Li, is one of the "Four Masters of Post-Sumen Bachelor", and his mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar Wang, who is also good at writing. Li Qingzhao was deeply influenced by a good family environment. Later, she married Zhao Mingcheng, a textual research scientist in epigraphy. The couple are very elegant and often sing together. Father Li grew up in a free academic environment in Sumen, and his thoughts and behaviors were deeply influenced, which made his management and education of his daughter more relaxed and enlightened, and it became possible for Li Qingzhao to form an independent, self-reliant and confident personality. Since childhood, she has been able to read a wide range of books, including classics, schools of thought contend, poems and songs, notes and novels, and anecdotes, and has drawn rich nutrients from the ocean of knowledge. Therefore, since she was a child, she was not like those aristocratic ladies who were bound by feudal ethics. On the contrary, it retains a cheerful, lively, naive and cheerful attitude that other girls do not have. This is reflected in his early work "Like a Dream" (I often think of the sunset in Xiting):
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering. After returning to the boat in the evening, I walked into the deep arc field of lotus root in a daze, where it was snowy and snowy. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
This is a story about the pleasure of boating in Li Qingzhao's girlhood. The author went out to play until it was dark, and the wine in the scenic spot made her so drunk that she "didn't know the way back" and "strayed into the depths of the lotus". When she competed with her girlfriends, she was surprised to find a beach of seagulls. The author's anxiety from the beginning to the joy after discovering the gull heron later aroused his strong interest in enjoying the beautiful scenery during the tour. Therefore, it also reflects her carefree and lively personality. It shows her love for nature and her yearning and pursuit for a free and beautiful life. This was extremely incredible in the feudal society at that time. It is the relaxed family education of the Li couple that has formed Li Qingzhao's willful and straightforward character.
The ancients generally married early, based on "parents' orders, matchmakers' words", so women "married rather than married". Li Qingzhao is lucky. Her marriage when she was young can be said to be the best time in her life. At the age of nineteen, she married Zhao Mingcheng. They are congenial and live in harmony. * * * They collect stone antiques, collate inscriptions and read books for entertainment. Couples' poetry appreciation, you sing and I come on stage, which is called a fairy couple. During this period, Li Qingzhao won the love of her parents and her husband, and with her strong self-confidence, she tried to get rid of the invisible pressure brought by society to stifle women's talents. Look:
When the sky meets the clouds, the Milky Way wants to turn to Qian Fan dance. As if the dream soul belonged to the emperor. Smell the sky and politely ask me where to go.
What I reported is that the road is long, and there are amazing sentences in learning poetry. 90,000 Li Fengpeng is a positive move. The wind stopped and the ship blew away three mountains. (Fisherman's Pride)
Li Qingzhao expresses her inner pain in reality by writing about white sleepwalking and meeting the Emperor of Heaven, which shows her stubborn pursuit. This is the only romantic poem left by Li Qingzhao, but romance cannot be separated from reality. In real life, the author works hard under the great shadow. She doesn't want to be silent in silence, but wants to rely on the encouragement of the "God of Heaven" to fly high in the wind and go to the ideal fairyland. Her self-improvement personality is the embodiment of rebellious spirit. It is precisely because of her happy marriage life when she was young that it provided a good atmosphere for her personality to continue to develop.
Second, the rebels in feudal society
As a woman in feudal society, Li Qingzhao's tenacious character of independence, self-improvement and self-confidence has proved reliably that she rebelled against society:
First of all, for feudalists ... >>
Question 5: Who can provide some famous scholarly families in China? Wu family
Wu Huan, Wu Zuguang and his new son, was born in 1953. When I was a child, I worked hard with my parents and had perseverance. I'm known as "a gifted scholar in Beijing" and "a magic pen in Xiangjiang River". Hong Kong famous writer, painter and calligrapher. The old man Baishi was given the name "Wu Huan Man Xi". He is famous for his novels, dramas, political comments, poems, calligraphy and paintings in overseas Chinese society. 1998, the first painting and calligraphy exhibition was held in Hong Kong, and celebrities from all walks of life were present to congratulate it, which caused a great sensation. 1999, China Art Museum held a joint exhibition of calligraphy and painting to commemorate the first anniversary of the death of mother Xin, which caused a sensation. Beijing praised Wu as one of China's cultural families, and there were successors.
Question 6: Who can show me the origin of surnames? China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5,000 years ago). According to legend, the earliest origin of surnames is related to the totem worship of primitive people. Clan tribes not only worship totem as a god, but also regard it as the unified clan name. In primitive tribes, totem, clan name and ancestor name are often the same. Over time, the name of totem has evolved into the symbol of all members of the same clan-surname. There are many legends about the evolution of totem into surname. According to textual research, the monarch of Yelang Kingdom is the king of bamboo, and the subjects take bamboo as their totem, and their surname is bamboo. According to historical records, there were foxes and snakes in Jin, dogs in Han, wolves and deer flags in Three Kingdoms and leopards in Three Kingdoms. Through these strange names and surnames with the same names as animals and plants, such as Luo, tiger, ant, cow, sheep, bird, dragon, bamboo, dragon, tea and chrysanthemum, we can vaguely see the indelible historical imprint of totem worship on the origin of surnames.
The formation of surnames is not only closely related to totems, but also closely related to women. At that time, it was a matriarchal society, only knowing that there was a mother and no father. Therefore, "surname" is composed of "female" and "born", which means that the earliest surname is the mother's surname. Archaeological data show that there are less than 30 surnames in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but most of them come from women, such as Jiang, Yao, Si, Ji, Wa, maid, pregnant, concubine, kindness and win. Not only ancient surnames are related to the word "female", but even the word "surname" itself comes from the female side, which is probably the characteristic product of matriarchal clan system. Women are in a dominant position in production and life, and group marriage is practiced. Brothers and sisters can marry. Under this system, children only know their mothers, not their fathers. Therefore, there are many stories circulating in the myth that "a saint without a father was born in heaven". Many ancient surnames came from the female side, which shows that our ancestors experienced the traces of matriarchal clan commune.
In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had surnames and surnames. In the development of ancient clans, the title of "teacher" was derived. Legend has it that when the Yellow Emperor ruled the world, there was already a "famous soil". The generation of surnames was the largest and most frequent in the Zhou Dynasty. In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, in order to control the conquered vast areas, the vassals were enfeoffed on a large scale. And the descendants of these vassal States all take the country name as their surname. In addition, similarly, the vassal states enfeoffed the domestic doctors of Qing Dynasty, and the descendants of the doctors took the enfeoffed country as their surname. Since then, various forms of surnames have emerged, and the number of surnames far exceeds the number of surnames. However, only aristocrats have surnames, while the poor have no surnames, and surnames have become a unique symbol of aristocrats. As for aristocratic women, no matter how they are called, they should follow their surnames, which reflects the authority and rigor of the ancient feudal patriarchal clan system in China. By the Warring States period, earth-shaking changes had taken place in society, and the old aristocrats declined and some of them became slaves. This shows that there is no need for aristocratic families to exist.
The surname comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe to which you belong. "Shi" comes from the monarch's fief, knighthood, official position, or the title added according to merit after death. So nobles have surnames, and famous people have surnames; Civilians have surnames, and famous people have no surnames. Men and women with the same surname can get married, but men and women with the same surname cannot get married. Because China people have long discovered this genetic law: consanguineous marriage is bad for future generations. The emergence of surnames, historically, in the pre-Qin period, "Mandarin? "Yu Jin" records that "the Yellow Emperor did it for pumping water, so the Yellow Emperor did it for pumping water". Zhou Yu recorded that "I, Ji Min, fell from the sky". This shows that surnames are appellations that represent races with the same blood. It is not allowed to marry between the same surnames. This is the regulation of the marriage system in the Zhou Dynasty. " Men and women have the same surname, but life is not sweet "("Zuo Zhuan? Twenty-two years), "if you don't marry with the same surname, evil things will not be born" ("Mandarin? Jin Opera). The ancients knew for a long time that marriage between close relatives would produce bad offspring. In order to distinguish the similarities and differences between male and female surnames and decide whether to get married, it is very necessary to indicate surnames in female appellations. It can be seen that the role of surnames in ancient times is mainly "heterogeneous" and "heterogeneous marriage".
The system of different surnames was used until the end of the Warring States Period. By the Qin Dynasty, the old aristocracy collapsed, the feudal patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty basically ended, and the old clan and surname system was also eliminated. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was little difference between surnames. When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he simply confused surnames. "Since Taishigong, surnames have been mixed. This record was called' Zhao' in Qin Shihuang and' Liu' in Emperor Gaozu, and the same is true." (Gu Lu) Since then, China's surname has been combined with his surname, either his surname or his surname is his surname. People use their surnames, which is simple and convenient, and there is no distinction between high and low. So civilians also have surnames from no surnames to surnames.
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