Shi Runzhang (1619-1683), whose word is still white, was called Yushan, near Luojushi and Hunzhai, and was called Moment Zhai in the evening. Later generations also called him Shi Shidun, and others called him Shi Fozi. A native of Xuancheng (now Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province), he was a politician and writer in the early Qing Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi (1649), he was a scholar, and he was appointed as the director of the Ministry of Punishment. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), he gave lectures to the Imperial Academy, compiled the history of Ming Dynasty, and tried Henan. Shi Runzhang was studious by nature, studied by Shen Shoumin, read classics and history, studied hard and memorized, and wrote poems and ancient literature. Simple and quiet for the meaning of the text, the poem is as famous as Song Wan, and it has the reputation of "southern application to the Northern Song Dynasty". Gao Yongsheng, a member of Yi people, presided over the southeast poetry circle for decades and called it "Xuancheng Style".
Shi Runzhang is a filial friend, and he treats his uncle like his own father. Anyone who asks for help from relatives and friends, he spares no effort to help others, goes to other people as hard as himself, and sets up a field of righteousness to support the poor families of the same family. He wrote "Song of the Pit" and "Song of the Bamboo Pit" to the long officials, expressing sympathy and pity for the poor sentient beings between the lines, and people sometimes called them "Buddha-givers". There are more than ten kinds of works, such as Shuangxi Poetry Collection and Yushan Poetry Collection. Basic introduction real name: Shi Runzhang alias: Shi Fozi font size: Ji Yun
Yushan's time: ethnic groups in the early Qing Dynasty: birthplace of Han people: Xuancheng, date of birth: 1619, date of death: 1683, major works: Shuangxi Poetry Collection, Xueyutang Poetry Collection, Yushan Poetry Collection and other characters' lives, major achievements, politics, Literature, character evaluation, family members, historical records, anecdotes and allusions, the life of the character Shi Runzhang was born in Shuangxi, Xuancheng, Ningguo Mansion, a famous city in the south of the Yangtze River, on November 21st, the 46th year of Wanli in Ming Shenzong, and his family was a neo-Confucianism family with a "Zou Lu". Grandfather and father are both Neo-Confucians. Leap Zhang's parents died early when he was a child, and he was raised by his grandmother and treated his uncle like a father. Shen Shoumin, a well-known scholar in the rehabilitation society, is well versed in classics and history, diligent in learning and memorizing, and works in poetry and ancient literature. As a teenager, he had a literary name. He once went to Beijing, where he was in harmony with Song Wan, Yan Ling, Ding Peng, Zhang Shuming, Zhao Jinfan and Zhou Maoyuan, and was called "seven sons of Yan Tai". Gao Yongsheng, a member of Yi people, presided over the southeast poetry circle for decades and called it "Xuancheng Style". Shi Chang sang with Tong Cao, and a poem was written out of the manuscript, competing to be told. Shi Runzhang's portrait was taken in the third year of Shunzhi (1646). In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), he was a scholar, entrusted with the charge of the Ministry of Punishment, and appointed Guilin as a foreign minister. The ministers of the Ministry of Punishment praised him for "quoting classics to break the prison, and those who were rehabilitated earned a hundred dollars, but those who were greatly upset were ultimately unlucky." In the 13th year of Shunzhi (in 1656), he took part in the imperial examination in higher education, ranking first, and then he was promoted to Shandong to learn things, and he was praised as an "ice guide". At that time, "celebrities in all directions" admired his name and "failed to ask the industry for nothing" and "leap chapter" He once admitted Pu Songling as the first child test, and repaired the Meng Temple, Minzi Temple and Fusheng Temple. After five years as an official in Jinan, he wrote many poems about Jinan's scenery. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), he was transferred to the Senate of Jiangxi Chief Secretary, and was assigned to guard Huxi Road, which governed Linjiang, Ji 'an and Yuanzhou. At that time, natural disasters and man-made disasters occurred in the west of the lake, and thieves rose up and the people were in dire straits. As soon as Shi Runzhang arrived, he went to the people to learn about the people's feelings. He found that farmers were unable to pay the grain and were forced to steal it. He wrote poems such as "Urging the People to Be Urgent" and "Westbound Lake" to persuade them. He also traveled around the mountains in the west of the lake and visited the people's sufferings in low valleys, and wrote poems such as "Great Sigh" and "Bamboo Source" to reflect the living conditions of the people, hoping to save the officials and attract attention. He wrote in "Big Sigh": "There is no murder tax, and it hurts my heart to come back late ... Su Fu is tired and hard to take up his post. The people are stubborn and stupid, and vegetarians are ashamed of officials. " He wrote in "Bamboo Source": "Counted widows, scattered in lonely villages. It' s hard and half a year, and you can recruit ghosts. " These poems truly reflect the sufferings of the people, represent the voice of the people and are loved by the local people. During his tenure, he paid great attention to folk education, rebuilt Changli Academy in Yuanzhou, renovated Egret Academy in Ji 'an, gave lectures in person, and advocated "teaching with sincerity." Because of a series of preferential policies, the people respectfully called him "Shifozi". In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), the Qing court abolished the Taoist ambassador and was dismissed from office. The local folks in the west of the lake repeatedly refused to jointly retain them, so the local government raised funds to create Longgang Academy to commemorate his good governance. On the day of farewell, "the father and the old man burned incense and wept for dozens of miles." Shi Runzhang returned to his hometown and lived in seclusion for ten years. He devoted himself to serving his uncle's reputation and died, but he had no intention of official career. Every time he was called up by the court, he refused to accept his illness. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), the imperial court opened the course of erudition and Confucianism, but he still said that he should not be ill. It was his uncle's repeated persuasion that he left home and went north. After examination, he was ranked second and fourth, taught by the Imperial Academy, and compiled The History of Ming Dynasty. In the twentieth year of Kangxi (1681), he served as the examiner of Henan Provincial Examination. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi (1683), he became an assistant reader and worked as an editor of the sermon of Taizong. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi (1683), he died in the capital on June 13th (August 5th). The main achievements were political Shunzhi from 13th year (1656) to 17th year (166), and Shi Runzhang served as a political scholar in Shandong for five years. In the past five years, Shi Runzhang has done many things that are beneficial to education, but what makes him famous in history is that he once took Pu Songling as the first scholar. Pu Songling struggled in the imperial examination all his life, but when he was 19 years old, he took three first places in the scholar exam, namely Zichuan County, Jinan Prefecture and Shandong Province, which was inseparable from Shi Runzhang's appreciation. Besides, the first scholar was more glorious than the general scholar, and with the rising voice of Shi Runzhang, Pu Songling became more and more glorious. During Shi Runzhang's tenure in Shandong, he supervised the censor Cheng to visit Shandong, and when he saw the decadence of Baotu Spring at that time, he took out his salary, ordered people to repair the bridge by dredging the spring, and made Shi Runzhang fully responsible for the project. So, Shi Runzhang first led the craftsmen to "dredge the oars, stop the stagnation, and the sand and stone they went to became high, and the sword was pulled out and thundered, and the old spring was restored", and then the bridge was repaired with Chinese fir, and "Shi Dan painted, and the sill was supplemented with bricks. The bridge is interlocked horizontally, and no horse drinkers are allowed to come. Prohibit people from profanity. All those who are depressed and lack of enthusiasm are treated with new ones. It is also a bridge in front of the jade pavilion. " Three months later, when the project was completed, the local people "came to see it enthusiastically", which was a great moment. Shi Runzhang didn't ask for help in the local main examination, but he was the only one who won the praise of the world. Five years later, Shi moved to the Senate of Jiangxi Chief Secretary, and was divided into Huxi Road. He is diligent in official affairs, cares about the sufferings of the people, and repeatedly asks for help when he is suspected of being in prison, often until the night. In his spare time, he also studied Jing Xian and Bailuzhou two academies; Ji Shizi gave lectures in person and promoted the style of study. Soon, he left his post and returned home because of the dismissal and supervision of the company. In the west of the lake, "the father and the old man burned incense and cried for dozens of miles", and he wrote three quatrains in "Don't be the father and the old man in the west of the lake" to thank him. It is commendable that officials in feudal times can get such love from the people. Literature Shi Runzhang's father and father were both Neo-Confucianists, but he was famous for his poems in the early Qing Dynasty. Shi Runzhang, together with Song Wan, Wang Shizhen, Zhu Yizun, Zhao Zhixin and Cha Shenxing, were called the "Six Schools in the Early Qing Dynasty", and with Gao Yong, Mei Geng, Mei Qing, Mei Wending and Shen Bi, they founded their own school of Xuancheng Style, which advocated that academic and literature were inseparable, and pursued "clear and profound" poetic harmony with "mellow". Yan Zhai Shi Hua advocated that "poetry has its origin" and "words have substance", opposed "entering into discussion", respected Tang people and opposed Song poetry. On the poet of Kangxi, Wang Shizhen called him and Song Wan "Southern Song Dynasty", and thought that Shi Runzhang's poems were "gentle and sincere, singing three sighs, with the purpose of being charming" (A Talk in Chibei), and even compared Shi's rhythmic poem "Autumn wind rises overnight" with Nineteen Ancient Poems, which was "thrilling and precious". However, Wang Shizhen's emphasis is mainly on Shi Runzhang's five-character approach, that is, the works of "Wang Meng Feng Zhi" in his later years. Although this kind of poetry is ethereal and concise, it has a deep artistic conception, but its content is rather thin and narrow, and most of the poems show the feudal literati's narcissism. Zhao Yi ridiculed him for "being elegant and pretentious, but a little too sour" ("Ou Bei Shi Hua"). Shi Runzhang's works that pay more attention to reality are the ancient styles he created when he visited the capital, sent an envoy to Guilin, promoted his studies to Shandong, and defended the west of the lake in middle age. Five words are like Arriving in Guilin, Great Sighing, Bamboo Source, Pro-drought in Linjiang, New Valley, Trip to Copper Wells and Young Men, and seven words are like Arriving in Guilin. In these works, the killing and looting of the Qing army, the rampage of corrupt officials and cruel officials, the desolation and depression of the countryside forced by wars, natural disasters and taxes, and the deep suffering of people from all walks of life, especially the tragic experience of women, have all been reflected to some extent. Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Wei Xi, Shi Runzhang's ancient literature, commented that "the meaning is quiet and simple" ("Preface to Mr. Yushan's Collection"), which is the most exquisite in analyzing Neo-Confucianism and discussing the revision of history, but there are too many mediocre biographical prefaces and postscripts to compare with his poems. Zhang Yuzhao listed Zheng Zhen, Shi Runzhang and Yao Nai as three generations of poets in Qing Dynasty in "Three Poems of the Dynasty". Shi Runzhang is good at five-character poems, and his poems are famous for their clear words and beautiful sentences, with the name "Xuancheng Style", which is as famous as Song Wan, a native of Laiyang, Shandong Province, and has the reputation of "southern application to the Northern Song Dynasty". He has written a lot, including 28 volumes of Shuangxi Poetry Collection, Xueyutang Poetry Collection, 5 volumes of Shi's Family Style Description, 2 volumes of Ji Zhai Miscellaneous Notes, 2 volumes of Yu Shan Wai Collection, 8 volumes of Xueyutang Collection, 5 volumes of Quasi-Ming History, and 4 volumes of Mi Ming History. The local chronicles also include Taishui Annals, Gezaoshan Annals, Qingyuan Annals with Fang Yizhi and Yuzao, and their major is Yuanzhou Annals and Linjiang Annals, and they are Xintai Annals, Guangling Annals, Anfu Annals, Yuanzhou Annals, Linjiang Annals and Songshan Annals. In the preface of these local chronicles, Shi's theory of local chronicles has been expounded. He thinks that "the ambition of the county and city is similar to the national history" and "its method is close to the history". After the Han and Tang Dynasties, although "the ambition is bad and the history is far away", the local chronicles can make up for the lack of what the historians know and have an irreplaceable role in history books. Regarding the function of local chronicles, he thinks that local chronicles can "learn from the appearance of water, learn from the ancient times and know about politics", so that "those who follow them will learn from the ancient times and learn from the present" and know that "something is convenient for the people and something is beneficial to the people" (preface to Kangxi's Yuanzhou Prefecture Records). Regarding the characteristics of local chronicles, he thinks that the difference from the history of a country lies in that "the book is easy to be written, the land is narrow, and it is easy to be recorded, and people are close to it" (preface to the Annals of Anfu County by Kangxi), that is, it is convenient for reading, reviewing and investigating. With regard to the compilation of local chronicles, he advocated that first of all, we should collect information extensively, and "explore the Expo in a poor way" (preface to Kangxi's Records of Lushan Mountain), and then identify the authenticity, save its truth, and make it slightly false, so that the letters contained in local chronicles have a sign, and pointed out that some local chronicles have a common fault of "five ugliness" because of poor compilation, that is, "praising long officials will be rude." Regarding the candidates for compiling local chronicles, he emphasized that people should be "chosen and appointed", in order to use people who are "knowledgeable and able to write, who are arbitrary in their opinions, and who are willing to compromise their right and wrong" (preface to the Annals of Anfu County, Kangxi). These ideas still have reference value today. Character evaluation Qing Dynasty writer Pu Songling: Mr. Yushan, my teacher also. When you see it, you are still a boy. When I saw his prize scholar, I was so afraid of boxing. If there is a small grievance, it will be taken care of. I refused to be a school, so I wanted to flatter myself. There are more than one generation of masters who protect the saints, and there are no flexors in Hengwen. And love is like life, especially beyond the reach of those who learn to tell stories in vain. Tang Bin, a politician and philosopher in the Qing Dynasty, said: A well-known scholar at home has been in China for forty years. Yuan Mei, a poet and essayist in Qing Dynasty: There were many poets in Xuancheng since ancient times. After Mei Wanling, Mr. Yushan was the most author of this dynasty. Song Wan, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty, said, "The foolish mountain is the place where Zhang Tan is located, between Wanling and Jingting.". Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty: When Shi Runzhang was studying politics in Shandong, he was "elegant and elegant, and had a reputation as an ice guide". Grandfather of Family Members: Father of Neo-Confucianism: The anecdote and allusion Pu Songling, which is recorded in the historical records of Neo-Confucianism, was once appreciated by Shi Runzhang, and he was named the top scholar, which was more glorious than the scholar in the general examination. With the rising voice of Shi Runzhang, it became more and more glorious. Later, Pu Songling repeatedly failed after having obtained the provincial examination. Recalling Shi Runzhang's kindness to him, he was even more grateful to Shi Runzhang for his kindness. Therefore, Pu Songling borrowed the story of Rouge to praise Shi Runzhang's "love talents and protect talents" with great fanfare. Shi Runzhang's calligraphy "Rouge" tells the story of Shi Runzhang's insight into grievances when he was a political scholar in Shandong, and he rehabilitated the unjust case for celebrities. Pu Songling first praised Shi Runzhang in the article, saying that "the sage can be called the best, and he has the virtue of caring for the talented", and at the end of the article, he said a long paragraph of gratitude in the name of "a different historian": "What a pity! You can't be careless when hearing a lawsuit! Even if you can know Li Daidai's injustice, who will think twice about it? However, although things are dark, there must be a period. If you want to think carefully, you can't get it. Whoo! Everyone is convinced by the philosopher, but he doesn't know the hard work of a good worker. When the residents of the world go to the top, the chess game disappears, and the silk is released, which makes it difficult for the people, and they are even more unwilling to spare an inch. To encourage the official to open the door and sit proudly in the classroom, those who are embarrassed will be calm and calm, so why blame the grievances under the cover! " In the article, "everyone is convinced by the philosopher's mistakes, but he doesn't know the hard work of a good worker", which means that people admire the wise judgment of the philosopher, but can't appreciate his good intentions. The implication is that Shi Xuezheng's "good intentions" are mainly reflected in caring for talents, not just in judging cases. In contrast, those so-called parents are inferior, and they can't even "break the prison". They can't "work hard" and "think carefully and examine" when deciding cases, but "shackle and calm" Pu Songling's praise of Shi Xuezheng and criticism of those self-righteous officials are really heartfelt and thought-provoking. In the supplementary provisions, Pu Songling added, "Mr. Yushan, my teacher is also. When you see it, you are still a boy. When I saw his prize scholar, I was so afraid of boxing. If there is a small grievance, it will be taken care of. I refused to be a school, so I wanted to flatter myself. There are more than one generation of masters who protect the saints, and there are no flexors in Hengwen. And love is like life, especially beyond the reach of later generations. " This is really a true confession. The article says that Mr. Shi is my teacher! When I first received his education, I was still an inexperienced teenager. At that time, I saw him rewarding and supporting students, and his sincere feelings were afraid of being inexhaustible. Students have a little injustice, so we must take care of them gently, and never use it to bully others and please the powerful. Like Confucius, he defended and preached Confucianism, which was admired by more than one generation. He cares for talents as his own life, and he does his best to review students' articles, and he will never be wasted, especially not as perfunctory as later learning politics. Then Pu Songling cited the story of "Treasure Prosperity" written by a famous person, further praising Shi Runzhang's spirit of loving and protecting talents. This passage reads as follows: It is not surprising that a famous person entered the venue and wrote the article "Treasure Prosperity" and mistakenly committed the word "water". After recording it, he realized it. After writing the lyrics, he said, "The treasure is in the mountains, but it is mistaken for the water's edge. The crystal temple was built on the hill. Hu has a long peak and a sharp point, and the beads are on the top of the tree. This time, the punter fell dead in the cliff! Tell heaven, leave some tips for friends to see. " first