Li Bai was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was hailed as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations. Please enjoy below the information I brought to you about Li Bai, a poet from the Tang Dynasty. I hope it will be helpful to you~
Li Bai (701 AD - 762 AD), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as Qinglian Jushi. "Exiled Immortal". He was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was hailed as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations. Together with Du Fu, he is called "Li Du". He is a cheerful and generous person who loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends. At the beginning of Tianbao's reign, when he entered Chang'an, He Zhizhang met him and called him a banished immortal. He recommended him to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and awaited an imperial edict.
The overall style of his poems is bold and handsome, fresh and elegant, majestic and full of momentum. It not only reflects the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, but also exposes the dissoluteness and corruption of the ruling class. It shows contempt for the powerful, resists the constraints of tradition, and pursues freedom and ideals. It is a very romantic sentiment.
Song people have biographies of his poems and poems (such as the first volume of Wen Ying's "Xiangshan Wild Records"). In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status.
The birthplace of Li Bai is still controversial.
Suiye City on the Yehe River belonged to the Anxi Protectorate of Tang Dynasty (today's Tokmak City, Chuhe Prefecture) and grew up in Changlong County, Mianzhou, Jiannan Road (today's Jiangyou, Sichuan Province). There are titles such as "Poetic Immortal", "Poetic Hero", "Jiu Immortal", "Exiled Immortal", etc. Together with Du Fu, they are called Big Li Du (Xiao Li Du refers to Li Shangyin and Du Mu).
According to the "New Book of Tang", Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (Liang Wuzhao King Li Hao). According to this statement, Li Bai has the same clan as the kings of Li and Tang Dynasty, and is the younger brother of Tang Taizong Li Shimin. . It is also said that his ancestor was Li Jiancheng or Li Yuanji; according to the "Old Book of Tang", Li Ke, Li Bai's father, was the captain of Rencheng.
In the third year of the Anshi Rebellion (756), he was angry at the difficult times and joined the shogunate of Yong Wang Li Lin. Unfortunately, King Yong and Suzong had a struggle for the throne. They were defeated and implicated, and he was exiled to Yelang (in today's Guizhou). On the way, he was pardoned and wrote "Early Departure from Baidi City". In his later years, he wandered around the southeast, and soon died of illness. It is also said that he "died from illness caused by drunkenness" (see "Li Hanlin's Poems" by Pi Rixiu). It is also said that he died suddenly due to drinking (see "Old Book of Tang"). It is also said that he fell into the lake drunk and drowned by catching the moon. This theory has been around since ancient times and is widely circulated.
His works are unconstrained, romantic and unrestrained, with strange artistic conceptions and brilliant talents; his poems are like flowing clouds and flowing water, as if they were made in heaven. Li Bai's poems have been recited for thousands of years, and many of his poems have become classics, such as "cutting off the water with a knife, the water will flow again, raising a cup to relieve sorrow, and sorrow will become more sorrowful." Li Bai's artistic achievements in poetry are considered the pinnacle of Chinese romantic poetry. Li Bai's poems are included in Volumes 161 to 185 of the Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty. There is "Collection of Li Taibai" handed down from generation to generation. Du Fu once commented on Li Bai's articles: the pen fell in the storm, and the poem became the weeping ghosts and gods.
Family members
Parents
According to the "Old Book of Tang", Li Bai's father was named Li Ke, and he was a city captain. Mother, no record.
Spouse
⒈The first wife, Mrs. Xu, married his wife (original name: Xu Ziyan: someone guessed it from "Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke"), which had a great influence on Li Bai , who always encouraged and supported Li Bai when he was lonely, and is the granddaughter of Xu Yushi (Xu Shao's youngest son), the prime minister during the Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. In 727 AD, they got married through the help of their friend Meng Haoran in Xiangyang, Hubei (it is also said that through the help of two friends Hu Ziyang and Ma Zhenggong in Anlu, Hubei), and they became a son-in-law. After marriage, they gave birth to a boy and a girl. The boy's name was Li Boqin (small character: Mingyuenu), and the girl's name was Li Pingyang. Xu died in 738 AD.
It is also said that Li Bai had only one wife named Xu in his life: in the 13th year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai was 25 years old. He left Shu and roamed the country, traveling south to Dongting and east to Jinling and Yangzhou. Later, he returned to the Jiangxia area, and in Anlu, Hubei, he married the granddaughter of Xu Yushi, who had been prime minister during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, and settled in Anlu.
After Li Bai married his wife Xu, they lived a happy married life under the peach blossom rocks in Baizhao Mountain, which was close to Xu's family. However, the beautiful married life did not weaken Li Bai's ambition to roam around in pursuit of success. With Anzhou as the base, he traveled several times, to Luoyang and Taiyuan in the north, Qilu in the east, Kuaiji in the south, and hid in Tanzhong with the Taoist priest Wu Yun. In the first year of Tianbao, Li Bai was 42 years old. He was recruited to Beijing by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty because of Wu Jun's recommendation. Tianbao left Chang'an after the third year of Tianbao, and roamed for another twelve years in Tianbao's fourteenth year, traveling to Bianliang, Qilu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Yanzhao. Li Bai met Du Fu soon after leaving Chang'an, and the two formed a deep friendship.
⒉The first lover, Mrs. Liu, was the daughter of a famous family in Nanling. They lived together and then broke up. In 739 AD, Li Bai took this woman to Anhui and bought a house. They just lived together like this without getting married through a clear matchmaker. Soon, because Liu looked down on Li Bai, Li Bai left angrily.
⒊The second wife is from Donglu, Li Poli’s biological mother. In 745 AD, Li Bai married a local woman in Rencheng, Shandong. Li Bai just came out of the capital Chang'an, carrying a large bag of gold and silver treasures, and traveled all the way to Shangqiu, Henan with Du Fu and Gao Shi, and stayed here for a long time. After breaking up with him, Li Bai went to Mount Tai to obtain Taoist teachings. Passing by Rencheng, he met this woman. The two fell in love and got married. After giving birth to a son, Li Bai also bought a large amount of land in Yanzhou, Shandong. After that, during his wandering life, these lands were handed over to his wife. The wife died five years after their marriage.
⒋The third wife Zongshi. In 750 AD, Li Bai met Wu Zetian in Kaifeng, Henan, and was the granddaughter of Zong Chuke, who was the prime minister. The pen wrote "Liang Yuan Yin" on the wall. Not long after leaving, Zong came here with his servant. After seeing this poem, he couldn't let it go for a long time. It happened that Liang Yuan's servants saw it and were about to wipe it off. Zong stopped him and spent a thousand gold to buy the wall, leaving a good saying of "a thousand gold buys a wall". In 761 AD, Zong went to Kuangshan to study Taoism. So, Li Bai was alone again. Zong rescued Li Bai from Li Lin's unjust case.
Children
The eldest son, Li Boqin (?-792, one says Po Li), was born to the Xu family. He died 30 years after Li Bai's death.
The eldest daughter Li Pingyang, born to the Xu family, died after getting married.
The second son, Li Poli, was born to a woman when Li Bai was in Donglu and has disappeared.
Main Achievements
Poetry
Li Bai inherited Chen Ziang’s literary ideas and took it as his own duty to restore the tradition of poetry and Sao. He once said, “Since Liang and Chen, there has been no beauty in beauty. At the extreme, Shen Xiuwen still adheres to the rhythm of music and will return to the Taoism. Who but me?" (Meng Qi's "Poetry of Ben Shi·Gao Yi") He advocates "innocence" and satirizes the imitation of ugly women who "become innocent". , Handan toddler.
His best genres are seven-character songs and quatrains, which adopt a structure of large opening and closing, jumping and swinging. The beginning of the poem is often abrupt, like a sudden surge, while the middle images of the poem change suddenly, often omitting transitional references, and there seems to be no trace to follow. The end of the poem often ends abruptly at the emotional climax. It more represents the fresh and bright style of his poetry. For example, "Early Departure from Baidi City", "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling", "The Difficult Road to Shu", "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", "Quiet Night Thoughts", etc. The beauty lies in the fact that "only the foreground and spoken language are visible, but there are overtones and tastes" The external flavor makes people feel distant." ("Shuo Shi Xuyu") The natural beauty is the result of his careful study of the characteristics of folk songs, which are as clear as words, popular and vivid.
Some of Li Bai's poems are as fresh as spoken language, and some are bold and unrestrained, close to prose, but they are all unified in the natural beauty of "hibiscus emerges from clear water, and the natural carvings are removed". This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty -
Ci Fu
There is still no unanimous conclusion on whether Li Bai composed Ci, but the works that are now passed down as Li Bai's Ci, regardless of There are about 20 poems about their authenticity and whether they can be classified into the style of poetry, such as "Autumn Wind Ci", "Knotting Socks", "Bodhisattva Man", "Recalling Qin E", etc.
In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status in the history of Ci. This status is similar to the status of ancient Greek mythology in Western art. As an "unattainable" standard, Li Bai's poetry has become an eternal idol in people's minds. Li Bai made significant contributions to the formation of the textual model of Ci and the creation model of Ci.
In fact, since the Five Dynasties "Hua Jian Ji", all anthologies and collections of Tang and Song poetry will not forget Li Bai in their specific operations, and at least mention a sentence in the preface and postscript; As the first great lyricist in the history of literature, no one has ever expressed any dissatisfaction or criticism towards him, although he only has a few lyrics whose authorship is often doubted. If the best poet in the world is selected, Li Bai will undoubtedly be elected as the "King of Ci" by unanimous vote.
Calligraphy
"Tie to the Upper Balcony" is Li Bai's own four-line cursive poem, and it is also his only authentic calligraphy handed down from generation to generation. Paper, length 28.5 cm, width 38.1 cm. 5 lines of cursive script, 25 words. The inscription is "Taibai
Li Bai's "Tie on the Balcony"
". It is preceded by the four-character inscription "Qinglian Yihan" in regular script written by Hongli, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, and the seven-character inscription "Li Taibai of the Tang Dynasty went to the balcony" in the upper right corner of the text in gold by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. On the back are inscriptions and inscriptions by Zhao Ji, Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Yan, Du Ben, Ouyang Xuan, Wang Yuqing, Wei Su, Zou Lu of the Yuan Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The seals on the front and back of the volume include "Zigu" and "Yizhai" by Zhao Mengjian of the Song Dynasty, "Qiuhe Book" by Jia Sidao, "Zhang Yan's Private Seal" and "Ouyang Xuan Seal" of the Yuan Dynasty, and Xiang Yuanbian of the Ming Dynasty, Qingbiao, Anqi, and Nei of the Qing Dynasty. Mansion, seal collected by Zhang Boju and others in modern times.
Swordsmanship
Li Bai is not only brilliant in literary talent, but also very skilled in swordsmanship. He is "fifteen good at swordsmanship" and "has mastered swordsmanship by himself".
The attainments are extraordinary. Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordsmanship, and Zhang Xu's cursive calligraphy are collectively known as the "Three Wonders" of the Tang Dynasty. Although Li Bai's swordsmanship is not among the "Three Wonders", his swordsmanship is only lower than Pei Min, ranking second in the Tang Dynasty.
According to statistics, the word "Jian" appears 107 times in Li Bai's poems in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", excluding "Jiange" as a place name 3 times, "Jianbi" once, and the weapon "Jian" "There are still 103 times. "铓", which belongs to the sword, appears once, "Wu Gou" once, "Wu Hong" once, "Zhanlu" once, "ganjiang" once, "Moye" once, and "Qingping" twice , "Autumn Lotus" twice, "Frost Snow" twice, "Dagger" three times, and "Longquan" four times. In total, "sword" *** appeared 118 times (when counting, "Wu Gou Shuang Xue Ming", "Kong Yu Zhan Lu Sword", "Sword Flower Autumn Lotus Light Comes Out of the Box", "Clumsy Wife Mo Xie Sword", "I "Jia Qing Ping Sword" is counted once each), distributed in 106 poems, accounting for about 10% of the total number of poems. It can be seen how much Li Bai loves swords.
The Taoist Scriptures
Since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests from Taoist temples to talk about the Taoist scriptures. Later, he lived in seclusion in Minshan Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi and devoted himself to study. They raised many exotic birds and became animal breeders in the mountains and forests where they lived. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to being raised, fly here regularly to beg for food. They seem to understand people's language. With a call, they fly down from all directions and fall in front of the steps. They can even peck at grains from people's hands. Grain, not afraid at all. This incident was rumored as an anecdote, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds eating. Seeing that they could command the movements of birds, the governor thought that they had Tao skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Tao exam. However, both of them politely refused. Zhao Rui, a famous strategist at that time, was also Li Bai's teacher. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716), he wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics". Li Bai was only fifteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's strategist-style work studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the world situation, and emphasized the rise and fall of chaos, which aroused Li Bai's great interest. In the future, he was determined to make great achievements and loved to talk about the ways of kings and dominators. It was also influenced by this book.
The story of "spoon" and "dragon towel wiping spit". He unscrupulously ridiculed the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the corrupt political phenomenon of the time, and promoted the spirit of heroism in the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with a bold attitude of resistance. Li Bai's anti-powerful ideology became increasingly mature with the enrichment of his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equality requirements of "not giving in to oneself and not being intrusive to others" and "being equal to the princes", as he said in the poem: "In the past, when I was drunk with flowers and willows in Chang'an, five princes and seven nobles shared a cup of wine.
The Qi shore is far ahead of the powerful, but the romantic is willing to lag behind others! "("Liu Yelang Presents to Judge Xin") "Praising the Master of the Nine Levels of Ten Thousand Vehicles, mocking the trivial and virtuous people. " ("Yin of the Jade Pot") He sometimes made lofty words that disdained the powerful, such as "The gold and white jade bought songs and laughed, and I was drunk for a long time and looked down on the princes" ("Recalling the Old Travels and Send Qiao County Yuan to Join the Army"), etc., but mainly Expressing the arrogance in his heart. As he understood the actual situation of the high-level power groups, he further revealed the opposition between the grassroots people and the powerful: "Pearls buy songs and laughs, and chaff nourishes talents. "("Ancient Style" No. 15) "The phoenix nests in the sycamore tree, and the mandarin ducks live in the mandarin thorns. " ("Ancient Style" 39), and he also mocked the ugliness of those who stole power by flattering the emperor, such as: "The carts are flying dust, and the pavilions are dark at noon. There is a lot of gold in the middle, and there is a house in Lianyun. If you meet a cockfighting man on the road, what a brilliant crown he has. The nose is dry and the rainbow is dry, and all pedestrians are wary. There is no one who can clean his ears. Who knows about Yao and Zhi? "And in "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell", he made the loudest cry: "An Neng has to bend his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy! "The significance of this artistic summary in Li Bai's poems is as important as Du Fu's famous line "The wine and meat in Zhumen smells bad, and there are frozen bones on the road" ("Five Hundred Words of Ode to the Emperor from Beijing to Fengxian") in Du Fu's poems.