In the sixth year of Anzheng (1859), his father Ji Nanhao died, and he was accepted as a son-in-law and married a daughter-in-law. Wen Jiu was a professor in Fan School for three years (1863), and in the first year of Yuan Zhi (1864), he was an English student supervisor in Zhiyuan Hall of Fan Yangying School in Nagasaki. At the same time, he studied the system, economy and law of Britain, Europe and America, studied the American Constitution, the Declaration of Independence and other books, and established the viewpoint of freedom and civil rights. In the third year of Keio (1867), he left San Francisco with Otaru Shigeyoshi at the risk of his life, went to Edo to call on the advisor of General Tokugawa Yoshinobu, and advocated the return of major policies. As a result, he was caught by the shogunate and sent back to Saga, only to be punished by "vigilance" (confinement) because of the asylum of the main island.
After the Meiji Restoration, Keio became an official of the Meiji government in the fourth year of Meiji (1868). 13, Keio 4 March-21,Keio 4 April, served as an official and judge of the investigation bureau, 13, Keio 4 years-Meiji 2 July 8, served as an official of the Meiji government. Referring to federalism, western occasions, laws and the Constitution of the United States of America, Mr. Nakajima and Mr. Fukuoka drafted the Meiji government organization law, which was promulgated in April 2 1 and on the 27th. On the basis of Napoleonic Code, Vice Minister insisted on abolishing the heinous crimes in China Code (1880). July 8, Meiji II (1869)- July 24, Meiji IV (187 1), Meiji IV (187 1). In the sixth year of Meiji (1873) 10/0/0/3-in the sixth year of Meiji (1873) 10/0/25 October, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
187 1 year, Minister of Seed of Vice Island submitted a book to the Ministry of Civil Affairs to abolish human trafficking and establish a white paper, and formulated a law prohibiting Japanese trafficking. At that time, it was the western development of the United States (the westward movement of the United States), and foreign ships were transporting China coolies to the United States, and they kept stopping in Japan. 1in June, 872, the Peruvian ship "Maria Lu Si" docked in Yokohama during the typhoon. The owner treated coolies like slaves, sued the owner and demanded personal liberation. Auxiliary island insists on just international humanitarianism, independent trial and anti-humanity slave trade. 1873 in February, the Peruvian navy minister visited Japan and asked the Japanese government to apologize and compensate for the Maria Ruth incident. The two countries reached an arbitration agreement to resolve the dispute, and the third country, the Russian Empire, will conduct international arbitration. Russian Tsar Alexander II held an international referee in St. Petersburg, and Japanese representative and plenipotentiary Takeshi Sumoto attended. 1875 In June, the court ruled that "Japan's handling was appropriate and did not violate general international laws and treaties" and rejected Peru's lawsuit.
The Deputy Island Chief held talks with Russia on the ownership of sakhalin island. Sakhalin Island, near the estuary of Heilongjiang, was originally the territory of China. The Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty signed in 1689 also confirmed that Kudao is the territory of China. /kloc-In the 8th century, Japan and Russia colonized the south and north of the island successively. /kloc-In the early 1950s of 0/9, despite the provisions of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar, Russia brazenly announced that Sakhalin Island would be incorporated into Russian territory. 1860, Russia forced China to sign the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty and seized a large area of land east of the Wusuli River, including Sakhalin Island, from China. Since then, Russia went south from the northern part of Sakhalin Island, which intensified the pressure of Japan's colony in Sakhalin Island. Shortly after the Hakodate War, the Meiji government set up a pioneering ambassador on July 8, 1869. /kloc-In August of 0/5, Xiaidi changed its name to Hokkaido, while sakhalin island, formerly called Xiaidi, changed its name to Huatai. Both of them were under the jurisdiction of pioneers, but there was no consistent policy to rule sakhalin island. At this time, the Russian army marched south and oppressed the Japanese fishery administration. 1870 In February, Japanese officials were arrested and imprisoned in Xinbo. 1873 In April, Japanese shops were robbed and Japanese officials' houses were broken into. From the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) at the end of the curtain to the early 1970s of 19, there were several negotiations to demarcate the so-called Japanese-Russian border in sakhalin island, but they all failed. Japan regards Britain and the United States as outposts to prevent Russia from going south, and sees through Japan's absolute inability to fight against Russia and manage Sakhalin Island, so the ministers of the two countries advised Japan to give up Sakhalin Island and concentrate on ensuring Hokkaido. The ownership of Sakhalin Island has caused controversy within the Japanese government, and there are two opinions. The deputy island chief advocated occupying the whole Sakhalin Island or splitting Sakhalin Island into two parts, and the residents of the two countries lived in isolation. Kuroda adopted the advice of Britain and the United States and thought that "Sakhalin Island is too far apart, so we should give it up as soon as possible and make every effort to develop Hokkaido". At this time, the theory of "recruiting Korea" became the focus of Japan's diplomatic struggle. Most people in the left-behind government hope to concentrate on invading North Korea and advocate handing over Sakhalin Island to Russia in exchange for Russia's neutral attitude and not interfering in Japan's aggressive policy toward North Korea. Later, with the failure of the theory of conquering Korea, Deputy Island Minister stepped down, and Kuroda Kiyotaka's "Huatai Abandonment Theory" prevailed. 1874, Japan sent Takeyama Sakamoto as ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Russia to negotiate in St. Petersburg. 1On May 7, 875, Japan and Russia signed the Huatai Thousand Islands Exchange Treaty, which stipulated: 1. The whole island of Sakhalin will be owned by Russia in the future, with Zonggu Strait as the border between the two countries; Second, the Kuril Islands dominated by Russia, namely 18 islands from Zhanshou Island to Telford Island, were ceded to Japan, and the border between the two countries is the strait between Cape Luo Patka and Zhanshou Island in Kamchatka. Since the signing of the 1875 treaty, Japan has owned dry islands until the end of World War II.
In February of Meiji 6th year (1873), Mr. Nakajima went to Beijing as Foreign Minister and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and negotiated with the Qing government to deal with the incident of Ryukyu boat people being killed in Taiwan Province Province (Peony Society incident, called "Miyako Islander Taiwan Province Province Disaster" in Japan), and congratulated the Tongzhi emperor on his wedding and exchanged the Sino-Japanese Reconciliation Rules (Japanese Reconciliation Rules, 643,000).
The accidental killing of Ryukyu boat people by Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province is purely a problem between China and Ryukyu, and has nothing to do with Japan. However, Japan took the opportunity to intervene and prepared to invade Taiwan Province Province by killing Ryukyu people belonging to Japan. In order to prevent the interference of European and American countries and the protests of the Qing government, the Japanese government planned a series of diplomatic plots before the invasion. First of all, the Ryukyu King was forcibly changed to the Ryukyu captaincy and listed as a China citizen, and his foreign affairs were handled by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Secondly, on the condition that the Japanese government agrees to inherit the Ryukyu-US Treaty, strive for the United States to recognize Ryukyu as Japanese territory; Third, take advantage of the opportunity of Mishima, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, to exchange the rules of Sino-Japanese reconciliation, and test the attitude of the Qing government towards Taiwan Province Province and North Korea. Deputy Island Minister claimed that Ryukyu was Japanese territory, and asked the Prime Minister of the Qing government why the National Office of the government did not punish the murderer. Qing officials pointed out that this was a problem between China and Ryukyu. "I have my own business, so why ask?" He also said: "murderers are all' raw', so there is no way to cure them if they are released to the world. Japan's' Xiayi' and the United States' Hong Fan' are not subject to Wang Hua, who is also owned by all countries. " Seeing the failure of blackmail, the island's deputy officials seized the word "foreign affairs" as an excuse and took it out of context, which became the basis for Saigou Jyuudou to send troops to Taiwan Province in the future. 1874 Japanese invasion of Taiwan Province province, Li Hongzhang and Kubo Junyi signed the Sino-Japanese Beijing Special Article, China compensated 502,000 silver, and the Japanese troops withdrew from Taiwan Province province.
After returning home, the leaders of Saigō Takamori, Sakahara, Goto Kojiro and Edo's new equal stay-at-home government advocated the theory of "levying Korea" and forcibly established the Korean dynasty. Before the Meiji Restoration, the shogunate could not send envoys directly to North Korea, and the trade was limited to the Japanese Museum in Busan. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan wanted to break this convention and sent officials to North Korea for negotiations again and again. However, the North Korean government refused to accept it. So Japan sent warships to Busan to investigate the landing site and decided to return to free trade. North Korea posted a notice in front of the museum prohibiting Japanese from engaging in smuggling trade. Under the pretext of "insulting Japan" and "rudeness", Japan set off a wave of clamoring for invasion of the DPRK. Minister Deputy Island returned to China and reported to the government that the Qing Dynasty declared that it would not interfere in North Korea's internal affairs. Xixiang decided to postpone the invasion of Taiwan Province and invade North Korea first. Senators such as Banhara retired also supported Xixiang's opinion.
After Minister Iwakura's return to Korea, Iwakura Tomomi, Kubo Junyi, Koji and others strongly opposed this theory, and advocated actively reforming internal affairs, developing production, and opposing the immediate invasion of Korea in order to "postpone the levy". A heated debate broke out between the two sides. Under the control of the "priority faction of internal governance", Emperor Meiji adopted the opinions of Iwakura and Okubo and refused ". Xixiang, Daidao, Banhara, Goto and Jiangteng collectively resigned, and more than 600 soldiers and bureaucrats resigned. The "Korean faction" was purged from the government, and the "internal governance priority faction" took the lead, which was known as the "Meiji six-year coup" in history.
In the seventh year of Meiji (1874)65438+ 10/2, Nakajima and Sakahara abdicated, formed the first Japanese political party-"Patriotic communist party" on the basis of the Happiness Security Society, and advocated the protection of basic human rights and the establishment of an elected parliament under the guiding ideology of "Natural Human Rights Theory". Vice-Island Minister Banyuantui, Goto Kojiro and Edo Xinping jointly submitted the White Paper on the Establishment of Elected House to the government, severely criticizing the "authoritarian government with departments", pointing out that "the place where the current political power belongs is not in the imperial residence, not in the people, but only in the departments", and strongly advocating the establishment of elected houses and giving people the right to vote. It reflects the demands of aristocratic farmers and businessmen and gentry who have improper rights to participate in politics. Although Bai Jianshu was rejected by the government, it triggered a heated debate about whether the time was ripe for the establishment of an elected house, which promoted the rapid expansion of democratic thoughts.
Although Satoshima was the initiator of Japan's freedom and civil rights thought, he did not participate in the freedom and civil rights movement. Later, his three sons died one after another within one year, and when he was disheartened, he sold his residence in Shimonoseki, Tokyo, to Prince Akikawa Miyazhiren at a low price of 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. From 654.38+0.876 to 654.38+0.878, he roamed all over China and was called "China Hand". At that time, there was a war in southwestern Japan. When I got home, I heard Saigō Takamori's will: "Be careful not to die".
In April of Meiji 12 (1879), Mr. Kojima was appointed as the first-class lecturer of the Imperial Palace of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and together with Tian Yuan Yongfu, he taught Confucian classics such as Da Xue and The Doctrine of the Mean to Emperor Meiji. In Meiji 14 (188 1) and June 10, Tan Chongxin was removed from the government (Meiji 14 coup). Although Iwakura Tomomi invited him to work in the government again, he was turned down. He put forward the Opinions on Government Reform, which was attacked by Noue Kaoru, the mainstream government. In Meiji 17 (1884), the Han Order was promulgated and implemented in July, and the deputy island minister paid tribute to the count for his political reform. However, he opposed the hierarchical Chinese order, supported the Eastern Socialist Party, and advocated reconciling the rich and the poor with morality.
1886 (Meiji 19) On February 5th, he was appointed as a counselor in the palace. 1888 (meiji 2 1 year) from April 30th to 189 1 year (meiji 24th year) on September 30th, served as a counselor of the Tang dynasty, 189 1 year (meiji 24th year) 1June 8, 892 (in the 25th year of Meiji) to1June 8, 905 (in the 30th year of Meiji), 65438+1October 3 1, served as consultant of the Council.
1 In February, 892, when the Cabinet was loosened for the first time1,the government intervened in the election. In the second general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and local bureaucrats used administrative power and police power to intervene in the election, supported government candidates, suppressed the People's Party, aroused a strong rebound of the opposition parties, and bloody conflicts broke out. Interference in the election triggered a sharp confrontation between the government and the opposition party. After interfering in the election of Ichiro Shinagawa, Kojima became the Minister of the Interior. However, in the Imperial Parliament, in the face of the noisy venue, the Minister of the Interior only said one word "Virongvidi" (meaning barbarian) in his reply, and then he walked off the platform, making the whole audience stunned.
In response to this incident, the deputy minister of the island carried out a large-scale personnel cleaning, and a large number of cadres and local governors of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were dismissed from the post of Bai Gen, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in an attempt to open the political deadlock and ease the situation. Since then, with the wholehearted support of Bai Gen, local officials such as Abe Zhaohui and Chuan Yuewei have instigated the "Dazi Island" movement. After three months in the position of Home Secretary, Mr. Kojima was forced to resign, and wrote a poem: "Learning from the past and the present is not true, and generosity and virtuous neighbors are not true. Only God's grace is as great as the sky, and you must be independent and uninhibited for the guests. " This is his last flash in politics.
Since then, he has continued to serve as an adviser to the Council, an active advocate of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War, and served as the head of the Dong Bang Society, devoting himself to studying China's poetry and calligraphy. His poems are known as the style of Han and Wei dynasties, and draw a clear line with those who are known for their simplicity and gentleness in the literary world. His calligraphy is also loved by the Japanese. After the work, it was sorted out by the heir, Dao Zheng, and published as The Complete Works of the Sea, with a total of 6 volumes.
1905 (Meiji 38) 65438+1Oct. 3 1, Minister of Vice Island died at his home in Tokyo at the age of 78, and the Emperor posthumously awarded the First-class Sunrise Oriental Flower Medal. Tell your family before you die, just sign the "Tomb of the Seed Minister of the Vice Island" in front of the tomb. The third road to the island is to attack Jue.