1. Chua's of Han nationality all came from the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Chua's of Liu Chen and its branch Jiyang flourished in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially in Nanliang and Chen Shi. Cai Xiang and Cai Jing, calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty, Cai E, general of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, Cai Chang, a female activist, Cai Tingkai, commander of the 19 Route Army, Cai Hesen, an early leader, and Cai Zhenhua, director of the General Administration of Modern Sports, are all descendants of Chen.
2. The descent of Cai's family changed from minority to Han nationality (such as Platts changed to Cai's family during Emperor Xiaowen's reform) is not clear.