Cheng Wei Qu is a quatrain written by Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the quatrain of the ages. Singing with music is like crying, and the famous "three floors of Yangguan" is immortal.
The Yangguan mentioned in the poem is in the South Lake of Dunhuang. When driving from the city to the beautiful and rich South Lake, the surrounding scenery changes rapidly. At first glance, Yunshan is vast, the desert is vast, and the breeze and mist linger. The towering beacon tower in Yangguan is like a mirage in the vast desert, showing a fantastic desert scenery.
Yangguan, located 70 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang, is named after being in the sunshine of Yumenguan. As early as BC 12 1 year, the Western Han Dynasty set up four counties in Hexi Corridor, namely Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang, and established Yangguan and Yumenguan at the same time. From then on, as the gateway to the western regions, Yangguan is the only way to the south of the Silk Road, and its strategic position is extremely important. Since the Western Han Dynasty, many dynasties have sent troops to guard this place as a military stronghold. How many soldiers fought here; How many businessmen, monks, envoys and tourists have passed through here; How many literati and poets, facing the sunshine, sighed and wrote immortal poems. According to historical records, in the Western Han Dynasty, Nanhu was located in Longle County, and Yangguan was under Dewey's jurisdiction. During the Jin and Wei Dynasties, Yangguan County was established. Shou Chang County was founded in the Tang Dynasty. When Xuanzang returned from India, he took the South Silk Road and went east to Yangguan to return to Chang 'an. Cen Can, a frontier poet, once wrote the poem "Two years in business and two years in the sun". It can be seen that they have entered Yangguan many times. After the Song Dynasty, quicksand from Bailongdui wolfed down, forcing people to retreat eastward, and Yangguan was buried in the ruthless desert. Today, the former Yangguan city wall is long gone, and the only eye and ear-a beacon tower on Dundun Mountain still stands proudly. There is an endless beach to the south of the mountain. Excavated by the archaeological team, there are a large number of plate-built sites on the beach, and the houses are arranged neatly and clearly, covering an area of about tens of thousands of square meters. There is also the intermittent wall base of the castle nearby, which is no more than 0.6 meters high. This is the site of Yangguan. Locals call it antique beach. There are large areas of quicksand here, and a series of scattered and undulating sand dunes are naturally arranged into more than 20 large sand beams from east to west. Between the sand beams, there is a gravel flat. Pottery pieces and iron bricks can be seen everywhere during the Han and Tang Dynasties. If you see a brick with black color, fine texture and high stone hardness, don't underestimate it. The famous "Yangguan inkstone" in the past was made of this kind of iron brick. Because it used to be a brick on the wall of Yangguan, it is called Yangguan brick. The inkstone made of it is called "Yangguan inkstone". It is very convenient to use Yangguan inkstone to grind ink to write brush characters, which is characterized by not freezing in winter and not shrinking in summer. If you are lucky, as long as you can find antique beaches, you will find gold, silver, agate, five baht, pottery, arrows and iron pieces ... The locals said, "If you enter antique beaches, you will not return empty-handed."
Why are there so many antiques on the beach? According to legend, in order to maintain a friendly and harmonious relationship with the western regions of Khotan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty married his daughter to King Khotan. The emperor married the princess and naturally gave a lot of dowry. Gold, silver, jewelry, coins, silks and satins, everything. After a long journey, the farewell party came to Yangguan with a dowry. At that time, it was a town, a village and an idyllic land shaded by green trees. Because out of Yangguan is an endless desert, the road is difficult and dangerous, so the farewell party will rest here and prepare to go through the customs. Unexpectedly, a strong wind blew one night, and the yellow sand was everywhere and it was dark. The wind has been blowing for seven days and nights. After the wind and sand stopped, towns, villages, pastoral areas, farewell parties and dowry were all buried under the sand dunes. Since then, this place has been abandoned. Over time, when the wind blows and the quicksand moves, things under the dunes are exposed to the ground and picked up by people. ; The locals once found a golden pony and an exquisite general sword here. Dunhuang Museum has protected the Yangguan site and excavated many precious cultural relics.
Since ancient times, Yangguan has always been desolate in people's hearts. Today, Yangguan and Nanhu are already good places with green flowers, lush trees, clear springs and numerous grapes. On the towering pier hill of beacon tower, there is a celebrity inscription corridor. Visitors can enjoy the poems and calligraphy of contemporary celebrities, mourn the ancient Yangguan site and overlook the natural scenery of oases, deserts and snow peaks.