Population density: 3 10 population/km2.
Jiangchuan District, Yunnan Province has a long history, outstanding people, beautiful lakes and mountains, outstanding people and outstanding people. Xingyun Lake is located in it, and Fuxian Lake is embedded in the northeast border. The water surface area is larger than the cultivated land area, and it is called "Jasper in Central Yunnan" and "Plateau Water Town". Because of the variety of fish, especially bighead carp and anti-wave fish, it is famous far and near; With fertile land and superior water conservancy conditions, there are many kinds of crops suitable for planting, especially flue-cured tobacco, which is known as "the land of plenty" and "the land of clouds and cigarettes". Flue-cured tobacco, piglets, vegetables, flowers and phosphorus chemical industry are the current economic pillar industries. Vegetables, fresh cut flowers,,-are the main export products. The bronze culture of Lijiashan, represented by the Niuhu copper case, is a treasure in ancient Yunnan culture.
Basic situation
Jiangchuan is located in the eastern part of central Yunnan, with an east longitude of 102 35'- 102 55' and a north latitude of 2412'-2432'. It borders Huaning and Tonghai counties in the southeast, Hongta District in the southwest and Jinning and Chengjiang in the northwest. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 3 1.9km, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 35.7 km, with a total area of 850 square kilometers (equivalent to 1.275 million mu), of which mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas account for 7 1.67%, and dam areas account for 15.96%. Form a pattern of "seven mountains, one water and two fields".
Postal code 652600
Area code 0877
The development of history
The pre-Qin period belonged to ancient Yunnan. In the second year of Han Yuanfeng, Yuyuan County was established, belonging to Yizhou County. In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (634), the magistrate of a county was located in Lizhou. Hengshui Prefecture is in Nanzhao. In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Xianzong (760), after Nanzhao annexed Lizhou and other places in the East, there was Jiangchuan County under Heyang County, and the name of Jiangchuan County began. Dali was once a Ministry. In the sixth year of Yuan Xianzong (1256), it was changed to Qianhu House, which was subordinate to Luojiahuan House. In the 13th year of Zhiyuan (1276), Jiangchuan County was established to take charge of Shuanglong County. In the 20th year of Zhiyuan (1283), Jiangzhou was a county and belonged to Chengjiang Road. Since then, it has been called Jiangchuan County. In the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1634), the county government moved from the ancient city (formerly Longjie Town) to Jiangchuan Yi (now Jiangcheng Town). In the early years of the Republic of China, Jiangchuan belonged to the Middle Yunnan Road, where it is now Mengzi Road, also known as Mengzi Road. 1930 Jiangchuan is the third inspection area. 1950 10, the county moved from Jiangcheng to Main Street, belonging to Yuxi area. 1958 10, merged into Yuxi county,19611month, and then set up Jiangchuan county.
administrative division
1984 governs 1 town 1 1 district 69 township. 1998 governs 72 offices (village committees) in 7 towns and 5 townships. After the adjustment of administrative divisions in 2002, it has jurisdiction over five towns, namely Dajie, Jiangcheng, Qianwei, Jiuxi and Luju, two townships, 69 village committees, three community neighborhood committees and 434 villagers' groups in 345 natural villages.
Population and nationality
By the end of 2003, there were 74,326 households with 263,083 people in the county, including: agricultural population of 234,002, accounting for 89%; The non-agricultural population is 2908 1, accounting for 1 1%. The Han nationality and Yi nationality are the two most populous nationalities in this county, among which the Han population is 247,905, accounting for 94.23% of the total population. The Yi population is 1434 1, accounting for 5.45% of the total population. The population density is 309 people per square kilometer.
Geographical climate The whole county is composed of lakes, basins and middle and low mountains, with high periphery and low central part, and Jiuxi in the west is slightly inclined to Yuxi. The mountains are mostly north-south and east-west, with less northeast; The highest elevation is 2648 meters (Cuifeng Gudui Mountain), and the lowest elevation is 1690 meters (Jiuxi Hekou Village); The elevation of the county is1730m, and the elevation of the dam area is generally around1740m. The Xijiang River system belongs to the Pearl River Basin. Jiangchuan has no heat in summer, no cold in winter, and four seasons like spring, which belongs to the monsoon climate of the semi-arid plateau in the middle subtropical zone, with distinct dry and wet seasons. Precipitation is obviously affected by topography and seasons. Generally, mountainous areas are larger than dam areas, rainy in summer and dry in spring and summer.
Natural humanities
There are 16 major rivers in Shuiresources County, with a total length of 184.8km, belonging to the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River Basin, with a maximum flood flow of 3 15 m3/s, most of which are seasonal rivers. Xingyun Lake has an irregular oval shape, with a length of 10.5km from north to south, an average width of 3.8km from east to west, a coastline length of 36.3km, a storage capacity of 65438+84m, an area of 34.7 1k m2, a maximum water depth of 10m, an average water depth of 7m and a normal water level of 65,438+. The county also administers Fuxian Lake, the second largest freshwater deep-water lake in China, which is gourd-shaped, about 30 kilometers long from north to south, 90.6 kilometers long from east to west, with a total storage capacity of1850 million cubic meters and a total area of 2 12 square kilometers. Jiangchuan accounts for 32.5% of the total water surface area, * * 68.999. The water surface of lakes in the county accounts for 12.37% of the total area. Abundant water resources, mainly two lakes, are rare in the whole province. Xingyun Lake and Fuxian Lake are both freshwater lakes and natural aquaculture farms. The annual output of fresh fish is about 2.6 million kilograms, and bighead carp and Xingyun Lake, as well as anti-wave fish, golden thread fish and grass herring in Fuxian Lake, have long enjoyed a good reputation.
At the end of 2003, the county had cultivated land 1325 12 mu, accounting for 10.39% of the national territory. The soil conditions are mostly red soil, brown soil, purple soil and paddy soil. There are 12 kinds of proven minerals, including limestone, dolomite, phosphate rock, seasonal sandstone, clay, potassium-bearing rock and lignite. Among them, phosphorus ore has large reserves and high grade. According to 1988 geological report, the total reserves of Jiangchuan phosphate rock are more than 300 million tons, including more than 48 million tons of first-class grade ore and more than 25 million tons of first-class rich ore. Jiangchuan ore is not only of high grade, but also a rare ore body with low arsenic, low oil powder, thin overburden and easy mining.
Jiangchuan, a tourist resource, deserves to be called a tourist attraction, with beautiful and unique natural landscape and a long history of human landscape. There are Xingyun Lake and Fuxian Lake. The natural picture here is better than the West Lake and Gushan, the bronze relics of Lijiashan, represented by the rare treasure "Niuhu Copper Case", the Biyun Temple, the boundary fish stone landscape at the intersection of the two lakes, and the fish don't come and go. Among them, Daiyuhe boundary fish stone, Gushan herring array and Yudong group are called the three wonders. Sunshine Coast, Gushan Island, Xingyu Cave, Lijiashan bronze culture and "three dishes" have become well-known tourism brands.
Jiangchuan, a famous humanist, raised many excellent children. Since the Republic of China, there has been Qu, the founder of Yunnan Baiyao. Yang Jiashan, the second winner of Panama World Calligraphy Competition; There is a "perfect Yunnan army", an anti-Japanese martyr and army general Tang Huaiyuan; General of the Army, Acting Commander-in-Chief of Yunnan Army and Acting Governor of Yunnan Jin Handing; Lieutenant General Lu Zicai, who has repeatedly made outstanding contributions in the movement to defend the country and was praised by Sun Yat-sen as "the light of the nation"; Pu, a painter who is good at Chinese painting, has been included in the Dictionary of Contemporary Calligraphers in China and the Dictionary of Contemporary Painters in China.
Overview of Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake
Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake are located in Jiangchuan County, Chengjiang County and Huaning County. They are two sister lakes among the nine plateau lakes in our province, belonging to Nanpanjiang River system.
Fuxian Lake is a deep-water rift lake formed during the uplift of Yunnan Plateau, with a runoff area of 65,438 0.053 square kilometers (including Xingyun Lake of 378 square kilometers), a gourd-shaped lake with a length of 365,438 0.5 kilometers from north to south, a width of 65,438 0.5 kilometers from east to west, a narrowest point of 3 kilometers, an average width of 6.8 kilometers and a coastline of 88 kilometers. The outlet of Fuxian Lake is Haikou, which is equipped with a gate and finally flows into Nanpanjiang River.
Xingyun Lake is a sunken shallow lake in the central Yunnan Plateau, with a runoff area of 378 square kilometers, an irregular oval water surface in the north-south direction, a length of 10.5 kilometers from north to south, an average width of 3.2 kilometers from east to west, a coastline length of 36.3 kilometers, a water surface elevation of 1722 meters, a water surface area of 34 square kilometers and a maximum water depth of 10 meters.
Xingyun Lake is the upstream lake of Fuxian Lake. Generally speaking, the water level of Xingyun Lake is slightly higher than that of Fuxian Lake. The two lakes are connected by a river 2.2 kilometers long, 5 meters deep and 8 meters wide. Hege River is the only outlet of Xingyun Lake, and it is a natural river. After the improvement of artificial lining, there are gates to control the discharge of Xingyun Lake. According to the Regulations on the Management of Xingyun Lake and Fuxian Lake passed by the Provincial People's Congress, the highest operating water level of Xingyun Lake is 1722.50m, and the lowest is1721.50m. The controlled water level of Fuxian Lake is1722.00m, and the lowest is/kloc.
-the instability of the ecological environment of Fuxian Lake.
Fuxian Lake is a typical deep-water lake with steep bank slope, undeveloped beach body and rocks, gravel or coarse sand as the bottom material. The distribution area of aquatic communities accounts for less than 0. 1% of the whole lake. Large aquatic plants are the strongest competitors of algae. Eutrophication of deep-water lakes lacking large aquatic plants is relatively fragile, and the phosphorus loading capacity is low. Zooplankton is the natural enemy of algae. After whitebait was introduced into Fuxian Lake, it preyed on zooplankton in large quantities, which made the growth of algae out of control.
-Fuxian Lake is seriously out of balance in nutrient income and expenditure.
The average water depth of Fuxian Lake is 87 meters, and the characteristics of deep-water lakes determine the high accumulation of pollutants. In addition, Fuxian Lake is long and narrow from north to south, and pollutants entering the lake mainly come from north and south.
The end is injected into the lake, and the estuary river is located in the middle of the east coast, far from both ends, which determines the characteristics of Fuxian Lake. Therefore, the interception rate of pollutants in Fuxian Lake is particularly high, and it is easy to accumulate nutrients, leading to eutrophication.
-Fuxian Lake is irreversible once it is eutrophic.
Fuxian Lake is over 0/00 meter deep, with a water capacity of 65.438+0.893 billion cubic meters. The average annual runoff into the lake is only 654.38+0/70 of its capacity. Its runoff area belongs to the drought and water shortage area in central Yunnan. Once eutrophication occurs, it cannot be cured. Our only choice is to do our best to protect it.
-Fuxian county has already faced a serious threat of eutrophication.
The eutrophication of Fuxian Lake is accelerating, and some lakes and seasons even have Class IV water quality, and the transparency of lakes continues to decline. Especially after entering the 1990s, green algae proliferated in large quantities, marking the beginning of eutrophication. The proliferation of algae will inevitably lead to a sharp decline in the transparency of the lake. Therefore, effective measures must be taken immediately to protect Fuxian Lake, prevent further pollution and eutrophication, and nip in the bud.
-Water pollution in Xingyun Lake is a hidden worry in Fuxian Lake.
Xingyun Lake is located in the upper reaches of Fuxian Lake Basin and is connected with Fuxian Lake by a river. On average, about 40 million cubic meters of Xingyun Lake water is discharged into Fuxian Lake through the river every year. In recent years, the water pollution and eutrophication of Xingyun Lake have developed rapidly, and the water quality has reached Grade IV-V, and serious cyanobacteria blooms have occurred, and the transparency of the lake has dropped below 1 meter. Moreover, the discharge across the river is mainly concentrated in the middle and late rainy season, with a large flow (10-12m3/s), which forms a water pollution area of about 2km in Fuxian Lake, which not only seriously affects the tourism landscape and the life of local residents, but also causes a large number of cyanobacteria and nutrients to flood into Fuxian Lake with the water flow, which intensifies the water pollution in the south of Fuxian Lake and accelerates the development of eutrophication, resulting in Fuxian Lake.
In February, 2065438+0721February, Jiangchuan District was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.