There are many popular stories from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period that have been passed down to this day. There are also many
idioms and allusions related to the characters of this period. In addition to the following stories
you can also Do you know?
In the twenty-eighth year of King Yan’s reign (227 BC), Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to assassinate King Qin. When Jing Ke set out, Tai
His son and guests all wore white clothes and white hats and went to the edge of Yishui to pay him a farewell
. Gao Jianli was building the building, and Jing Ke sang generously and tragically: "The wind is rustling and the Yishui is cold, Once the hero is gone, he will never return!" After singing,
get in the car and leave without looking back, expressing his determination to never turn back
Prince Dan of Yan was once a hostage together with Wang Zheng of Qin, and the two of them shared the joys and sorrows. However, as Thailand's power grew, it began to attack the country of Yan
Beginning to despise. Prince Dan of Yan resented the King of Qin for his political neglect of friendship.
He was arrogant and rude, and conspired with Ju Wu to retaliate against the King of Qin. Ju Wu
persuaded Prince Dan to make an appointment with Xi The three Jins were connected to Qi and Chu in the south. Prince Dan believed that this was a long-term solution, so it was better to find someone to assassinate the King of Qin. Ju Wu recommended Tian Guang, but Tian Guang said that he was old and could not He was qualified and he
recommended Jing Ke and then committed suicide. Prince Dan and Jing Ke discussed the situation
and repeatedly asked Jing Ke to take on the important task of assassinating the King of Qin.
Jing Ke agreed. Prince Dan then respected Jing Ke as his high minister and sent him as an envoy to Qin to take the opportunity to assassinate the king of Qin. Jing Ke arrived in Qin and bribed the concubine among the favored officials of the king of Qin. Haojia, in order to be summoned by the King of Qin in Xianyang Palace. Jing Ke presented the map of Yan State. When he unfolded the map, the dagger wrapped inside was exposed. Jing Ke grabbed it with his left hand.
Hold the sleeve of King Qin's clothes and stab him with a dagger in his right hand. King Qin retreated quickly.
The dagger cut off King Qin's sleeve. The sword King Qin wore was long and frightened
Unable to pull it out, he ran around the pillars of the palace, with Jing Ke chasing after him. The officials were shocked and didn't know what to do. King Qin ran around the pillars to escape, and the general The sword moved to his back, pulled out, and stabbed Jing Ke fiercely, breaking
his left leg. Jing Ke was injured, so he threw the dagger out, but missed.
The king of Qin struck Jing Ke eight times again. .Jing Ke leaned on the pillar and laughed and cursed
The King of Qin was later killed. (Contributed by Ni Juan in 803)
:
Du Mu’s poem "Inscribed on Wujiang River" "Ting" wrote, "The victorious and defeated soldiers have unexpected family affairs, and it is a man who endures shame and humiliation.
The children of Jiangdong are many talented people, and their comeback is unknown." Li Qingzhao, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote in "Summer Quatrains"
It is said in the book, "I was born as a hero, and died as a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross the Yangtze River." Undoubtedly, this is for Xiang Yu, especially Xiang Yu's unwillingness to cross the Yangtze River. Highly praised.
Some people once said that maybe Xiang Yu could cross the Wujiang River with a little less domineering and a little less arrogance, and wait for a comeback in the future. As the saying goes, "keep it. "The green mountains are there, and you are not afraid of running out of firewood." Yes, Xiang Yu
has this ability. He broke the siege of Julu in one fell swoop. When Chu and Han were fighting, this was even more demonstrated
With his outstanding military talents, Liu Bang once took advantage of Xiang Yu's fierce battle in Qi to assemble 560,000 troops and quickly captured Pengcheng. After Xiang Yu learned the news, he ordered his troops to continue to pacify Qi. Dier
He personally led 30,000 elite troops back to the city at night. At that time, Liu Bang was intoxicated with the joy of victory. As a result, the 560,000-strong army
was completely defeated by the Chu army's fierce attack. His father Taigong and his wife Lu Fei were all captured by Chu.? (Provided by 802 Huang Yan)
If Xiang Yu was simply a warrior, he would undoubtedly be the most outstanding talent at that time. He was chaotic and acted decisively, but he had the fatal weakness of not being good at using people and being gullible and suspicious. Unfortunately, he took the throne of Chu army commander with this fatal wound. Since ancient times, kings and generals have been suspicious, like Qin Shihuang, Li Si, Cao Cao, and Zhu You Check, everyone is paranoid all day long, worried about others taking away
Xiang Yu took his throne, his status, and his military power. Of course, the same was true for Xiang Yu. Because he was gullible and suspicious and blindly listened to rumors, Fan Zeng ran away in grief and anger because he was suspected by Xiang Yu for no reason. Because he was not good at using people, rare good generals like Han Xin and Chen Ping , and Yingbo all turned to Liu Bang from Xiang Yu's command.
Gullible and suspicious, women are benevolent, so even if, as some people say, if Xiang Yu was less domineering and less arrogant, he would be able to survive After crossing the Wujiang River, they may not be able to make a comeback, not to mention that Xiang Yu has a cruelty that no one else has. After attacking Xiangcheng, Xiang Yu massacred the entire city. In the battle of Julu, Qin general Zhang Han had led his army to surrender, but he still ordered the killing of 20 people. The troops of Wan Qin surrendered and entered Xianyang, where they killed King Jiang of Qin, burned the palaces of Qin, and plundered women and treasures. Xiang Yu was so cruel, how could the people trust him? Even if he had outstanding talents, even if he could imitate Gou Jian and eat his guts by lying on firewood, Just imagine that when such a "fat and evil thief" who goes back on his word arrives in Jiangdong, will the people of Jiangdong sincerely help him, still make suggestions for him, and wait for opportunities to make a comeback in the future? Now, I am willing to come back with the king. "Wang Anshi's poem is quite right. Instead of subjugating the world, why not commit suicide in the Wujiang River and let the world be moved!?
I admire Xiang Yu because of his heroic character. I respect Xiang Yu, because of Xiang Yu's arrogance and domineering, I admire Xiang Yu, and because of Li Qingzhao's comments, "You are born as a hero, and you die as a ghost hero!" He was a defeated hero, but he was a failed hero with a strong sense of tragedy. In his own words, "Heaven destroyed me, and it was not the crime of using soldiers."
663 BC , the Shanrong Kingdom in the north (in the northeast of today's Hebei Province) invaded the State of Yan. The monarch of the State of Yan asked Qi for help, and the monarch of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi, personally led an army to rescue. When Duke Huan of Qi's army rushed to the State of Yan, Shanrong The army of Rong State had fled to Guzhu State in the east with the plundered property. Duke Huan of Qi ordered the army to continue pursuing the enemy. When the armies of Shanrong State and Guzhu State heard that the army of Qi State was coming, they were frightened. He had to hide in the mountains and forests. Duke Huan of Qi followed the enemy's traces and attacked into the mountains. Finally, he scattered the enemy's troops and fled. Duke Huan of Qi won and took back the property plundered by the enemy. When they When they were about to return to Qi State, they lost their way. Because when the Qi army came, it was spring, the mountains and rivers were green, and the road was easy to identify. But when they returned, it was winter, the mountains were covered with snow, and the mountain roads were winding and changeable. So, they walked He couldn't tell the direction while walking. At this time, Guan Zhong, the counselor of Duke Huan of Qi, said: "Your Majesty, dogs and horses all have the ability to identify the road. Let's pick a few old horses and let them lead the way, and we can walk out of the valley. ." Duke Huan of Qi immediately selected a few old horses, let go of the reins, and let them walk freely in front, with the army following behind the horses. Not long after, under the leadership of the horses, Qi's army
The team really walked out of the valley and found their way back to Qi.
(Recommended by 802 Wu Haikang)
Learning transfer station.3.
. 2. Historical Grand View Garden
◆The first issue of the history tabloid of Youchegang Town Middle School (2004.12.12)
Sponsored by: Eighth Grade History and Social Interest Group
Editor-in-Chief: Huang Yan, Xu Fa, Xu Qiang, and Wang Wei
Preface to the First Issue
China has lasted for five thousand years, and the history of the world’s splendid civilizations is like the endless flow of a mighty river. Opening the long scroll of history, the waves wash away the sand. , how many good stories and romantic figures have been left behind through the ages. Only by remembering the past can we have a better foothold in the future.
In order to enhance everyone’s interest in learning, expand historical knowledge, broaden historical horizons, and improve historical analysis capabilities, teachers Under the guidance of , we created a publication for our history enthusiasts - "History Tabloid". Although it is immature and not rich, we hope it can be helpful to everyone's history learning.
This The tabloid *** has four sections. The first page is a historical synthesis, which introduces historical trends and historical information; the second page is a historical grand view garden, which introduces historical allusions and interesting stories about celebrities; the third page is a learning transfer station, which introduces learning methods and various information. Class learning materials; the fourth edition is "Cooking Wine and Discussing Heroes" to evaluate historical figures.
.Here we warmly welcome all classmates and teachers to provide us with manuscripts, so that the quality of this newspaper will become better and better.
Interest group leader: Xu Fa
Ancient China (from Pre-Qin to 1840):
1. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: 770 BC - 221 BC
1: Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives for self-improvement. --- "Book of Changes" "
2: When you work hard, you forget about food, when you are happy, you forget about excellence. You don't know that old age is coming. "The Analects of Confucius"
3: Three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition." "The Analects of Confucius"
4: Cultivate oneself, manage one's family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world. ---"The Great Learning"
5: Born in sorrow, died in peace and happiness. ---"Mencius"
6: Wealth cannot be lascivious, poverty cannot be moved, power cannot be subdued - "Mencius"
7: My life has a limit, but my knowledge has no limit. ——"Zhuangzi"
p>8: The road is long and long, I will search up and down. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"
9: If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster. "Historical Records·Funny Biographies" 10: Yiyu The heart is kind, and even though he died nine times, he still has no regrets. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"
2. Qin and Han Dynasties: 221 BC - 220 AD
11: The sparrow knows the swan is safe Ambition - "Historical Records·Chen She Family" 12: How can one sweep the world if one house is not swept? - "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Chen Fan Biography"
When Chen Fan, a famous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, lived alone in a room when he was young, the courtyard was dirty. Xue Qin criticized him: "Why don't you sweep the house to entertain the guests?" Chen Fan replied: "When a man lives in the world, he should sweep the world and make sure the whole house is in order." Xue Qin immediately retorted: "If you don't sweep the whole house, how can you sweep the world?"
13: Where there is a will, things come true. - "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty·The Biography of Geng Yan" 14: Where there is sincerity, gold and stone will be opened.--The "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·The Biography of Wang Jingsi in Guangling" 15: If a young man does not work hard, the old man will become a slut Sadness.——"Han Yuefu·Chang Ge Xing"
3. The Three Kingdoms Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: 220 AD - 581 AD
16: The old man is striving for a thousand miles; In old age, martyrs are full of ambition. ---Cao Cao's "The Turtle Lives Longevity"
17: Sacrifice one's life to go to the national disaster, and regard death as a sudden return home.--Cao Zhi's "White Horse" 18: Give one's best, and die.--Zhuge Liang "The Later Master's Biao"
19: It is better to have broken jade than complete tiles.——"Book of Northern Qi·Yuan Jing'an Biography"
Four, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties: 581 AD - AD 1271
20: I am born with talents that will be useful. - Li Bai's "Jinjinjiu" 21: There is no fear of changes in the sky, no laws for ancestors, and no sympathy for people's words. - Wang Anshi
Northern Song Dynasty During the Shenzong period, Wang Anshi advocated reform and opposed conservatism, and put forward the famous "three deficiencies" conclusion.
22: Live as a hero, and die as a ghost. - Li Qingzhao's "Summer Quatrains" 23: I dare not forget about my country despite my humble position. - Lu You's "Sickness in the Book"
Five, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: 1271 AD - 1840 AD
24: Who has never died since ancient times? , leave a lasting impression on history. --- Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
25: The sound of wind and rain, the sound of reading, can be heard, family affairs, state affairs, and everything in the world are concerned about. --- Gu Xiancheng
26: Tomorrow comes tomorrow, there are so many tomorrows. I am waiting for tomorrow, everything will be in vain.——"Song of Tomorrow"
27: Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. Gu Yanwu
28: After countless hardships, strength is still strong, regardless of the wind from east to west, north or south. Zheng Banqiao's "Bamboo and Stone"
29: The sea embraces all rivers, and tolerance is great; standing on a wall with thousands of feet, without desire is strong. --- Zheng Banqiao's "Couplet" 》
.4. Discussing heroes over wine
Shen Wushou was overjoyed, only to realize that King Zhuang was no longer a mediocre person
Sure enough, King Zhuang changed his past behavior , stopped singing and dancing, engaged in political affairs, appointed good ministers, killed traitors and traitors, and selected good talents. The countrymen cheered for what he did. In the second year of King Zhou Kuang (611 BC), King Zhuang of Chu began to listen to politics. Zhou Kuang In the year of Wang Wang (608 BC), King Chuzhuang personally led an army to attack the Chen and Song Dynasties. He fought with the Jin army in Beilin (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) and captured the Jin official Xie Yang. The Jin army was defeated and returned. In the ninth year of King Zhou Ding ( 59 BC
In the spring of 8 years), King Zhuang of Chu led his army to attack Zheng and captured the Quercus of Zheng (today's Yu County, Henan Province). So Zheng turned into an ally of Chu. In the summer, King Zhuang of Chu summoned Duke Xiang of Zheng, and Chen Chenggong made an alliance with Chen. In the mausoleum (now west of Huaiyang County, Henan Province), Zheng and Chen expressed their attachment to Chu. Later, Zheng rebelled against Chu and formed an alliance with Jin. In the spring of the tenth year of King Ding of Zhou (597 BC), King Zhuang of Chu led his army to attack Zheng. Chu The army surrounded Zhengdu. After three months of siege, the city was finally broken. Zheng surrendered to Chu and made peace. In June, the Jin army set out to rescue Zheng. When the Jin army arrived at the bank of the Yellow River, they knew that Zheng had made peace with Chu, and the Chinese army The commander-in-chief Xun Linfu wanted to lead the Jin army back, but the deputy commander Xian Gu did not obey his order and led the Chinese army across the Yellow River alone to fight the Chu army. After a day of fighting, the Jin army was defeated. After the Chu army won the victory, King Chuzhuang ordered to worship the river god on the bank of the Yellow River, build a temple for the ancestors, report the victory of the war, and then return home. The hegemony of King Chuzhuang was thus established.
(Contributed by 803 Wang Wei)
p>In the fifth year of King Qing of Zhou (614 BC), King Mu of Chu died and his son Lu came to the throne as King of Chuzhuang. In the first few years after King Chuzhuang ascended the throne, he did not care about state affairs and spent all day drinking and playing in the palace. , and ordered that anyone who dared to remonstrate and persuade should be killed. Minister Shen Wushou asked him: "There is a big bird on the mountain of Chu State. It has not flown or screamed for three years in a row. What kind of bird is it?" King Zhuang of Chu replied : "Three years of non-flying, one soaring into the sky, three years of non-stop, one blockbuster."
Historical knowledge contest answers
1. Cheng Changgeng 2. March 12, commemorating Sun Yat-sen Mr. 3
Zhu Da, Zhu Da 4, "Strange Pines", "Strange Rocks", "Sea of ??Clouds" and "Hot Springs"
5, Singapore 6, Tofu from Bagong Mountain, Huai Kingfish 7, Pyramid 8, 00, 200 W)
9, 1970; 10, can, cannot; 11, first quarter moon; 12, clouds; 13, Tiananmen Square 14, Forbidden City; 15, Yongle University Zhong; 16, Shanhaiguan; 17, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui, Yao Nai; 18, Jin Dynasty; 19, Han Fei; 20, Wu)
21, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties; 22, Compass; 23, Nanjing ; 24, Deng Jiaxian; 25, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty; 26, Archimedes; 27, Xia; 28, Classics, History, Zi, Collection./"The Analects", "Mencius", "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean", /. "Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Changes", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn".
1. Who is known as the "originator of Peking Opera" 2, China's Arbor Day
When 3 is set every year, who is the "Badashan Man" in the history of Chinese painting
There is a calligrapher in ancient China, and the painter calls himself
"Donkey" Who is 4, the four wonders of Huangshan are 5, which country is known as the "country of gardens" 6, the two wonders of Huainan's products are 7, what is the largest tomb in the world 8. If a point is bounded by the Eastern Hemisphere to the east, the Western Hemisphere to the west, the Southern Hemisphere to the south, and the Northern Hemisphere to the north, what is the geographical longitude and latitude of the point? 9. China ranks first.
In which year was the artificial satellite "Dongfanghong" successfully launched? 10. On the earth, can it go east to circle the earth? Can it go north to circle the earth?
Quanma 11, "The moon is setting, crows are crying, the sky is full of frost, the river maple, the fish and the fire are facing melancholy.
Hanshan Temple outside the city of Suzhou, the midnight bell is ringing for the passenger ship." The moon phase it refers to is
12. "Sichuan Dog Barking Sun" refers to the Sichuan Basin. 13. What is the largest square in the world? 14. The largest and most square in the world.
The complete ancient wooden structure complex is 15, which is the oldest in this era.
The one that enjoys the title of "Bell King" is 16. "The First Pass in the World" refers to
17. The Tongcheng School was a very influential prose school in the Qing Dynasty. It mainly represented the "Three Ancestors of Tongcheng", who were they respectively? 18. Fu Ma was an abbreviation for an official position in ancient times, and its full name was Fu Ma Duwei. Later , In which dynasty did "Fu Ma" become a nickname for the emperor's son-in-law? 19. Who was the first thinker in the world to propose the population theory during the Warring States Period of our country? 20. Who was the first to create a sealed test paper? 21. "There is no poor family in the upper class, and there is no family in the lower class." What period of our country does "gentry" refer to?
22. What does "Friends of Sailors" refer to? 23. Where does "Ancient Capital of the Six Dynasties" refer to?
24. Who does "Two Bomb Heroes" refer to? 25. "Hello, King of Chu" Who is the "King of Chu" in "If you have a thin waist, many people will starve to death in the palace"? 26. Who is the scientist who said "Give me a stable fulcrum, and I can move the earth"? 27. The earliest report on meteor showers in the history of world astronomy Records, in which dynasty of our country 28, "Siku" refers to which "four books" refers to which "Five Classics" refers to (collected by Ni Juanjian)
Library history book recommendations
1. "Collection of Chinese Historical Stories"
The whole book contains ten volumes including ancient times, Spring and Autumn and Warring States, Qin and Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. .The long development history of Chinese civilization is presented in the form of stories. Reading this book not only understands Chinese history, but also broadens your horizons and learns a lot of extracurricular historical knowledge and allusions. Students can borrow it and read it.
2. "Series of Essences of Ten Ancient Chinese Scholars"
The whole book is divided into ten volumes, mainly introducing the deeds of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, Guanzi, Hanfeizi, Zhuangzi, and Gongsun Longzi. and thoughts.
3. "Traditional Chinese Morality Middle School Reader" not only contains historical stories, but also can improve moral cultivation.
From the founding of a feudal state to the unification of the world
Tell us the start and end times of the Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Qin and other dynasties and their founders or capitals.
What is the feudal system, the patriarchal system and the ritual and music system and what roles do they play
In which dynasty was the civilization of rituals and music established? In the Zhou Dynasty, how did a person’s social status and power depend?
Did you know the fundamental reason for the decline of the royal family and the struggle for hegemony among the princes during the Spring and Autumn Period?
What are the reasons why Duke Huan of Qi became the first hegemon in the Spring and Autumn Period? What is it about respecting the king and fighting off the barbarians and the Kuiqiu Alliance
"Abandoning the well fields and opening up the Qianmo" is what kind of reform in which country during the Warring States Period? The content of this reform and The significance is
What are the opinions and thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Mozi, Han Feizi, and Sun Tzu in A Hundred Schools of Thought
Tell us about the founders and time of the Qin Dynasty. What measures did Qin Shihuang take to consolidate it? Measures of a centralized state
The territory of the Qin Dynasty was four to four. Do you know how to evaluate Qin Shihuang's historical actions
10, "Is the whole world the land of the king, and the shores of the land are the ministers of the king?" "What system does it reflect in the Western Zhou Dynasty?
11. Do you know the origin of the names of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? Do you know the historical allusions of Wu and Yue's struggle for hegemony?
12. Do you know the couplet "Where there is a will, there is a way? A hundred and two Qin passes were made, broken cauldrons, boats were destroyed, and the Qin Pass finally returned to Chu. His hard work paid off, and he endured hardships. Three thousand Yue Jia could swallow Wu. What historical allusions and historical figures does it contain?
13. The main reasons why the Qin Dynasty was able to unify the world and perished. What are each of them (provided by Teacher Li)
Li Zhi's "Collection of Books·Volume 2 Catalog" praised him as "one emperor through the ages"; Zhang Taiyan's "Qin Zheng Ji" said that "Although there were four and three emperors, six and five emperors, "It was once less than Bilong"; Li Bai's "The King of Qin Conquered Liuhe" praised Qin Shihuang's unification cause: "The Lord of Qin conquered Liuhe, what a majestic sight!" They all spoke highly of Qin Shihuang's achievements and affirmed his role in history. He was a great Historical figures. Others cursed the First Emperor of Qin for "having a greedy heart and pursuing the wisdom of self-improvement" and "began the world with tyranny" (Jia Yi's "New Book: Guo Qin Lun"); "The First Emperor was tyrannical and his son died." (Volume 8 of "Zhenguan Zhengjia"); "The First Emperor was resolute and ruthless, and he liked to use punishment and killing as a threat. He was a full-time prison warden, but he was personally blessed, and he was worried and bored at home." (Quoted from Chen Dengyuan's "Old News of the History of the Country"). They all criticized Qin Shihuang's rule. Cruel and a tyrant. These views all have some truth, but due to the different stances and starting points of the commentators, they are also one-sided. Our point of view is: Qin Shihuang is an outstanding historical figure who has made great contributions to the development of Chinese history. At the same time, He was also a cruel tyrant. His achievements are the main aspect, but they cannot cover up his crimes; his crimes are serious, but they should not erase his great historical achievements.
The most important history of Qin Shihuang The merit lies in completing the cause of unification and establishing the first feudal centralized country in history. Qin Shihuang’s
Its contribution also lay in laying the foundation for a multi-ethnic feudal country. Some of the various policies and measures implemented after the unification of Qin not only affected the feudal society for the next two thousand years, but also extended to the present, such as the unification of writing. Qin Shihuang adopted The various unification measures and systems of the Qin Dynasty were a bold innovation for the historical development at that time, showing that their political vision was relatively far-sighted. Most of the systems formulated in the Qin Dynasty were inherited by later generations, which can be proved: these systems and The measures were adapted to the historical situation at that time.
But Qin Shihuang was still a rare tyrant. Not only was he extravagant and extravagant, he built large-scale construction projects and enslaved the people, he also promulgated harsh laws and implemented tyranny; Although the unified measures were beneficial to social development in the long run, they turned out to be a catastrophe at the time, such as building the Great Wall, which required hundreds of thousands of people to perform extremely heavy labor over the years. It reflects that Qin Shihuang's actions were all based on On top of the brutal exploitation and oppression of the working people, this kind of exploitation and oppression far exceeds the level that society can bear, making it difficult to maintain simple reproduction of society. Therefore, even some measures that are beneficial to historical development have It caused disaster to the people at that time. (Contributed by 803 Shen Jiawen)
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