In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong invented a story that Zhuge Liang made Zhou Yu angry, and said a very classic sentence: Yu Sheng, He Sheng Liang Sheng. In actual history, Zhou Yu is more than ten years older than Zhu Geliang. Moreover, Zhou Yu is not a narrow-minded person, but a "magnanimous and ambitious" Confucian general with a particularly high musical accomplishment. At that time, there was a saying in Wu that if Song was wrong, it would be dealt with. Now, the author on the Internet has learned Luo Guanzhong's tricks and come up with a bizarre story of "Extremely clever, He Yisheng-Sima Yi is alive and angry with Zhuge Liang". Obviously, his credibility is not high. Of course, it would be nice if he was entertained, but from the story of "Being illuminated, he Yi Sheng", we can probably know how the "unofficial history" came into being.
Then, let's look at the real history.
Let's first look at how Zhuge Liang died.
"The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Biography" records that in the spring of the twelfth year, the Ming people went out to flow horses in the oblique valley. According to the martial arts Wuzhangyuan, Sima Wangxuan was Weinan. Dividing troops and fixing fields is the basis of long-term defense. The tillers are mixed among the residents of Weibin, which is covered by the people and selfless by the army. Stalemate for more than a hundred days. In August of that year, Liang died in the army at the age of 54. When the army retired, Xuan Wang put forward a case to carry out his camp, saying, "What is a genius in the world!" Liang ordered the burial of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, because the mountain was a grave, and it was enough to accommodate the coffin, and the clothes were collected in time without utensils.
According to Chen Shou's records, Zhuge Liang died of illness, but as can be seen from the letters of the late Liu Chan, Zhuge Liang died of illness. The imperial edict said: "Only if you are endowed with the skills of civil and military, you will be clear and sincere, entrust with orphans, and assist with shackles, you will be eternal and chaotic; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized and respected, and it will make great contributions and participate in the great honor of Iraq and Zhou. How not to hang up, you will die if something happens. Plus mourning, liver and heart are cracked. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Lieutenant General Zuo was sealed as the seal of the Prime Minister, and he was named the loyal marquis of Wu. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Alas!
Zhuge Liang was not angry with Sima Yi, but broke down from overwork. Zhuge Liang himself said: "Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment will be invalid, which hurts the understanding of my ancestors. So I crossed Luzhou in May and went deep into the barren land. " Another example is the reflection of the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang said, "If you are prepared, you will inherit the young and weak, and you will be smart. Therefore, Wu Dong is connected with the outside world, while South Vietnam is in inner peace. Legislation was applied, the army was organized, and the skills of machinery and tools were studied to the extreme. Strict science and education, rewards and punishments must be believed, no evil is not punished, no good is not obvious. As for officials, you can't rape them. People are self-indulgent and don't clean up their inheritance. The strong do not invade the weak, and the weathering is awesome. " When commenting on Zhuge Liang, Chen Shou said: "Zhuge Liang is also concerned about the country, comforting the people, showing grace, appointing people on their merits, obeying the power system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are refined, physics is the foundation, reputation and responsibility are real, hypocrisy is contemptuous; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that the only person who knows politics is a horse. " As can be seen from the above materials, Zhuge Liang's fatigue is really "doing his best and dying".
Let's take a look at the relationship between Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was born in 18 1 and died in 234 at the age of 54. Sima Yi was born in 179 and died in 25 1 year at the age of 72. Zhuge Liang is two years younger than Sima Yi. Sima Yi has only been mentioned twice in The Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang: In the spring of the twelfth year, it was clear that the masses went out of the valley to flow horses, according to Wu Wuzhangyuan, Sima Wangxuan and Weinan. ..... for more than a hundred days. ..... After the army retired, Wang Xuan came to his camp with this box and said, "What a genius!"
Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi met indirectly for the first time when Mengda rebelled against Cao Wei. At that time, Sima Yi was stationed in Wan, and "The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji" contained: "In June of the first year of Taihe, the son of heaven ordered the emperor to stay in Wan and add soldiers from Jing and Yu." "Even Wu Gushu, dive into the Chinese dream. Zhuge Liang in Shu hated his guts and was worried. There was a gap between Da and Tai Wei, and he wanted to promote it, so he sent Guo Mo to surrender, because he let go of his plan. " Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang's plan, so he marched quickly and arrived in Shang Yong within eight days. At that time, Meng Da wrote to Zhuge Liang and said, "Go to Barrow for 800 Li, and meet me for 1,200 Li. When you hear that I am the emperor on the table, it will be better than the opposite. In January, our city will be solid and all armies will be able to do so. " Then I was in deep danger, and Sima Gong didn't come; I have nothing to worry about when the generals come. Then da said, "Sima Yi came down from the sky, and went to the city gate on the eighth day. How fast! " In this indirect contest, Zhuge Liang probably realized that Sima Yi was not simple.
In the 9th year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (23 1), that is, in February of the 5th year of Wei Taihe, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, led an army to attack Wei, surrounded Jia Si and Wei Ping in Qishan (now the mountainous area in the southeast of Gansu), and used horses and cattle to transport grain. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" says: "In nine years, Liang returned to Qishan, transported wooden oxen and horses, retired his army and made all the food, and shot at Taihe with Zhang Taihe, the general of Wei." Wei Mingdi said to Sima Yi, "If you do something in the west, you will be rewarded" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), and sent him to Chang 'an in the west, with Zhang He, the governor, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, guarding the Shu army. Sima Yi left Fei Yi and Dai Ling to lead 4,000 men to defend Lu 'an (now Tianshui, Gansu) and led the main force to save Qishan in the west. Zhang He advised Sima Yi to divide his troops and station in Yong and Yan, making the town the rear area. Sima Yi disagreed. He said: "It is expected that the former army can be independent, and the general is right. If you can't do it, you can divide it into two parts. This is why the three armies of Chu are all Qing Bu birds. " So I walked into the moose.
When Zhuge Liang heard that Wei's army was coming, he also divided his troops to attack Qishan and led the main force to meet Sima Yi. Guo Huai and Fei Yao attacked the Shu army, which was broken by Zhuge Liang. Then lead the Shu army to harvest the cooked wheat first and get the commissary.
At this point, there are two completely different records of future operations in the history books.
"The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji" records that the army arrived from the viceroy. All the generals were afraid, and the emperor said, "I am tired, and this soldier is greedy." Bright dare not follow the water, easy to listen to. "When I entered Hanyang, I met Liang and the emperor was waiting. When Taurus was tempted, the soldiers took over and retreated brightly, chasing Qishan. Liangtun Lucheng (now Tianshui South, Gansu Province) is surrounded by two mountains, north and south. The emperor attacked and pulled out his encirclement. He escaped at night. Chase, break through and capture thousands of people.
"Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 72" recorded that Guo Huai, Fei Yao and others were aboveboard and broke it. Because of its bumper wheat harvest, it met Yi in the east of Shangguan. Yi Yi gathered the army in danger, and the soldiers were not allowed to pay, but the light led back. As for the halogen city, Yi and others will find it all after. Zhang He said, "He came from afar to be my enemy, so he couldn't fight, saying that my interests were not in the war, and he wanted to use a long-term plan to control it. And Qishan knows that the army is close, and the human feelings are solid. You can stop here and divide into Indiana Jones, which means it is not appropriate to move forward. If you dare not push, you will lose popularity. Today, I am alone, eating less, and I can go. " If you don't listen, look for light. When he arrived, he climbed mountains, dug camps and refused to fight. Jia Xu and Wei Ping fought several times, saying, "You are afraid of Shu as a tiger, but why are you laughing?" Get sick easily. The generals are ready to fight. In summer and May, Xinji and Yi made Zhang He attack unprepared, and He Ping was in Nanwei, and the case was clarified. Liang ordered Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to meet, and suffered a crushing defeat. He gave the Han soldiers 3,000 armor and also stayed in the camp. In June, Liang withdrew with grain, and Sima Yi sent Zhang He to chase him. Into the wooden door (now southwest of Tianshui, Gansu Province), fighting with Liang, Shu people took high cloth, shot with a crossbow, and died in the right knee with an arrow.
It can be seen that the former said that Sima Yi won, while the latter said that Sima Yi also lost. In the biographies of Zhuge Liang, Zhang He and Guo Huai in the history of the Three Kingdoms, this war has passed. Now many military reference books are based on the latter's records. These two books describe the general trend of war in the same way. Sima Yi not only stored grain in Longxi, but also solved the siege of Qishan. In the end, the two armies were deadlocked, and the Shu army ran out of food and grass and retreated.
After the Shu army retreated, the military strategist Du and the supervisor Xue Xu estimated that Zhuge Liang would enter the army next year when the wheat was ripe, and suggested that grain and grass should be transported in winter to solve the problem of food shortage in Longyou. Sima Yi said, "When the Qishan Mountain is exposed, our army will attack Chencang and lose. If you go out from the back and stop attacking the city, you must hit Longdong, not the west. Every time I hate lack of food, I will accumulate grain. As I expected, I can't move until I have three barnacles "(The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
In February of the second year of Qinglong (234), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led more than 654.8 million people to attack Wei in Xiegu. In April, Zhuge Liang went to Yan County (now north of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and stationed in the south of Weishui. Sima Yi, the general of Wei State, led the army across the Wei River and built a water barrier. The general wants to be at loggerheads with Zhuge Liang in the north of Wei River. Sima Yi said, "All the people gather in Weinan, which is also a battleground for military strategists" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Then cross the Weihe River and camp. After analyzing the situation, Sima Yi said to the generals, "If you have the courage, take your military commanders to the east. If you go west to Wuzhangyuan (now southwest of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), then all the troops will be fine" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Zhuge Liang really went to Wuzhangyuan. All the generals of Wei are happy, but Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, is worried. He said, "Brightness strives for the northern plain, so it is advisable to follow it first" (Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 72), but most of them disagree. Guo Huai said: "It is not the benefit of the country to cross the Wei River and climb the plain, and the northern mountain will join forces, isolating the long road and shaking the people outside" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Guo Huai). Sima Yi realized the importance of Beiyuan and ordered Guo Huai and others to send troops to Beiyuan. Before the wall was built, the Shu army succeeded, but the attack failed, and the two armies were in a state of confrontation.
Zhuge Liang's eastward advance was blocked by Sima Yi, who advanced from Weishui and was blocked by Guo Huai. He transferred troops to capture Sanguan, Longcheng and other places, and then returned to attack Sima Yi.
In August, Sima Yi followed Ming Di's instructions of "guarding the city but refusing to defend it" and held a stalemate with Zhuge Liang for more than one hundred days. Zhuge Liang challenged several times, but Sima Yi couldn't get out of the wall. He wanted to wait until the Shu army ran out of food before attacking. Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi "a woman's ornament" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji) to humiliate him. He wanted to inspire Sima Yi to play, but Sima Yi still didn't play. In order to calm the dissatisfaction of my subordinates, I pretended to be angry. I went to the table and asked for a good fight. Ming Di is not allowed to send Xin Pi, the minister of orthopedics, as Sima Yi's strategist to control his actions. After Zhuge Liang came to challenge, Sima Yi was about to lead the troops to attack. Xin Pi's scepter stood at the military gate, and Sima Yi did not send troops.
When Xin Pi arrived, Jiang Wei, the general of Shu, said to Zhuge Liang, "Xin Pi has come with a scepter, and the thief will not turn back." Zhuge Liang said, "He has no intention of fighting, so he resolutely invites people to show his strength in his ears. Will be in the army, your life will not be affected, if you can control us, please how far to fight evil "("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji ")! Zhuge Liang then divided his troops, stationed troops in the wild, and prepared for long-term operations.
Sima Fu, Sima Yi's younger brother, wrote to ask about the military situation at the front. Sima Yi wrote back: "If you are ambitious, you will not see opportunities;" More plans, less decisions; If you are a good soldier, you have no right. Although you brought 100,000 soldiers, you fell into my painting, and you are going to perish "("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji ").
Soon, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Zhang Wu's former army. Shu will not send out obituaries, and the whole army will retreat. When the local people saw the Shu army retreating, they reported to Sima Yi, who sent troops to pursue it. Shu general Yang Yi returned to the flag and counterattacked. Sima Yi thought that he had been tricked into withdrawing troops. The next day, Sima Yi visited Zhuge Liang's camp. "Observing his legacy, he got a lot of books and food" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). Sima Yi concluded that Zhuge Liang was dead and praised Zhuge Liang as "a genius in the world" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji).
Xin Pi thought that Zhuge Liang's death was unknown, and Sima Yi said, "The military valued it, and the secret plan of the military, military forces, food and grass have been abandoned. Someone can donate their five treasures and live? " It is advisable to pursue it urgently "("The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji "). So, he led his troops to chase him. There are many tribulus in Guanzhong area. Sima Yi sent 3000 soldiers to walk in front of the army wearing flat clogs made of soft materials. All the thorns were stabbed on the clogs, and then the army advanced.
Judging from the whole process of confrontation between Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang, both Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi could not get in because they were in a stalemate with Wei at that time. On the contrary, Zhuge Liang took the initiative to play many times, and Sima Yi did not play. It can be seen that Sima Yi is still very afraid of Zhuge Liang and thinks that Zhuge Liang is a strange man in the world. When someone told Sima Yi the proverb "Zhuge Liang died, but Zhong Da was born", Sima Yi jokingly said, "The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji" recorded Sima Yi's story: If you catch up with the bare shore, you will know that you will die. During the interrogation, people said, "Zhuge died and gave birth to Zhong Da." The emperor smiled and said, "I expect to live, but I can't expect to die." First, when the light came, the emperor asked, "How did Zhuge Gong live? How many meters can he eat? " Right: "Three or four liters." Asked about politics for the second time, he said, "I have seen 20 penalty kicks." The emperor immediately told people: "How long can Zhu Can Ge Kongming last!" As he said. The reason why Sima Yi "laughed" to comfort himself was that on the one hand, he was glad that Zhuge Liang had finally lost his opponent, on the other hand, it also showed Sima Yi's subconscious fear of Zhuge Liang.
It is not difficult for us to draw the conclusion that the so-called "when you are bright, why are you born" is purely funny and has no historical basis; On the contrary, it seems that we can vaguely see that Sima Yi admires Zhuge Liang and even fears Zhuge Liang.