1. From what dynasty was classical Chinese introduced?
According to the analysis:
1. Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China, mainly including pre-Qin texts. A written language based on the spoken language of the period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, items for recording text had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other items were used to record text. Silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky, and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to be able to write down "one roll" of bamboo slips For more things, unimportant words need to be deleted.
2. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for correspondence had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
3. When people use the term "ancient Chinese", they give it three different meanings in different contexts: ancient Chinese, ancient Chinese and classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese first refers to "ancient Chinese". We can no longer hear the spoken language of the ancients. Counting from the oracle bone inscriptions, this kind of ancient Chinese has a history of about three thousand years.
4. Just like everything that develops and changes, language is also constantly developing and changing. Over the past three thousand years, Chinese has undergone great changes. According to the changes in Chinese grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, scholars divide ancient Chinese into three development periods: the ancient period, the medieval period and the modern period. The ancient period refers to before the 3rd century AD, that is, the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han periods in history.
Conclusion: Classical Chinese has appeared since the emergence of dynasties, that is, it has been adopted in the Xia Dynasty, but only the Shang Dynasty has records of excavation, so it is believed that it can be considered to have originated in Shang Dynasty. 2. From what dynasty was classical Chinese introduced?
According to analysis: Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China, which mainly includes written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was used Objects for recording text have not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other materials are used to record text. Silk is expensive, bamboo slips are bulky and the number of recorded words is limited. In order to record more things on "one roll" of bamboo slips, it is necessary to Delete unimportant words. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for correspondence had been finalized, and the use of "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. When people used "ancient Chinese" This term has been given three different meanings in different contexts: ancient Chinese, ancient Chinese and classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese first refers to "ancient Chinese". We can no longer hear the spoken language of the ancients, oracle bone inscriptions , counting from oracle bone inscriptions, this kind of ancient Chinese has a history of about three thousand years. Just like everything develops and changes, language is also constantly developing and changing. Over the past three thousand years, Chinese has undergone great changes. According to the Chinese In terms of changes in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, scholars divide ancient Chinese into three development periods: the ancient period, the medieval period and the modern period. The ancient period refers to the period before the 3rd century AD, that is, the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han periods in history. Conclusion: Classical Chinese has appeared since the emergence of dynasties, that is, it has been adopted in the Xia Dynasty, but only the Shang Dynasty has records excavated, so it is believed that it can be considered to have originated in the Shang Dynasty at the earliest. 3. In which dynasties was classical Chinese written?
Classical Chinese is a written language in China, which mainly includes written language based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period.
Commonly known as "Zhihu".
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, items used to record text had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other objects were used to record text. Silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to be able to record text in To write down more things on a "one volume" bamboo slip, unimportant words need to be deleted.
It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the world's earliest "compressed" format for written records.
Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for their correspondence had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
The first "wen" means a written article. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". "Vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language." For example, like now, "Have you eaten?".
In ancient my country, there were two differences between expressing the same thing in "oral language" (spoken language) and "written language" (written language). For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, , expressed in spoken language, is "Have you eaten?", but expressed in written language, it is "Have you eaten?" "Fanfou" refers to classical Chinese. Here, the noun "fan" is used as a verb, meaning to eat.
Before 1919, all articles in China were written in classical Chinese. Now we generally refer to "ancient Chinese" as "classical Chinese".
In the thousands of years of Chinese history, the spoken language has changed greatly, but the classical Chinese has maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese allows users of different languages ??to "converse" in writing. It is a communication method that has a fixed format but is not very difficult. 4.
Preface to a Spring Night Banquet in the Peach and Plum Garden Li Bai's heaven and earth are the reverse journey of all things; time is the passer-by of hundreds of generations. And life is like a dream, how much joy is there? The ancients held candles for night walks, which is a good thing. In the spring of the year, I was summoned by the smoke scene, and I wrote a large piece of paper. I met in the garden of peaches and plums, and ordered the joy of family relationships. All the handsome people in the season are all Huilian; I sing songs, alone I am ashamed of my happiness. I have not finished enjoying the tranquility, and my high-spirited talk has turned clear. I have a beautiful banquet, sit on flowers, fly in my wine cup, and be drunk by the moon. Without good works, how can I express my elegance? If the poem fails, the punishment will be the amount of gold, grain, and wine. Love of the Lotus (Northern Song Dynasty) Zhou Dunyi said that the flowers of water, land and vegetation are most lovely. Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since the Li and Tang Dynasties, the world has loved peonies very much. I only love the lotus growing out of the mud. But not stained, the ripples are clear but not evil, the middle is straight and the outer is straight, not creeping or branching, the fragrance is clear from a distance, the pavilion is clean and planted, it can be viewed from a distance but not played with. I call chrysanthemum, the reclusive flower; peony Lotus, the flower that represents wealth and honor; lotus, the flower that represents the gentleman. Oh! The love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao. Who can share the love of lotus? The love of peony is suitable for everyone. 5.
Classical Chinese is a written language in China, which mainly includes written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. It is commonly known as "Zhihuzheye". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the objects used to record writing had not yet been It was invented that bamboo slips, silk and other materials are used to record text. Silk is expensive, bamboo slips are bulky and the number of words recorded is limited. In order to record more things on a "one roll" of bamboo slips, it is necessary to add unimportant words Delete. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the world's earliest "compressed" format for written records. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for correspondence has been finalized, and the use of "classical Chinese" has evolved into The symbol of reading and literacy is good. Now let me explain to you that the so-called classical Chinese refers to the pre-Qin period---------from ancient times until the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, the grammar people used to write articles. This grammar was based on the speech of people at that time. Based on habits. Later, in the era after the Qin Dynasty, the way people spoke became more and more different from the way they wrote articles. That is to say, speaking and writing articles used different languages. Writing articles continued to use the classical Chinese passed down from the pre-Qin period. However, speaking was It has been changing. For example, the speech of the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty must be similar. The Tang Dynasty and the Han Dynasty must be far different. We modern people estimate that we can understand a little bit if we go back to the Song Dynasty. Five generations ago, I was afraid that it would be troublesome. By the Qing Dynasty, the speech was almost the same as now. But writing articles is different. Even articles written thousands of years ago can still be basically understood by us now, such as The Analects of Confucius and War of National Policies. Because the way of writing articles has basically not changed for thousands of years, culture has been preserved. There are many kinds of classical Chinese articles, such as policies, poems, and lyrics. , qu, eight-part essay, parallel prose, ancient prose, etc. But it is a pity to say that Dream of Red Mansions is not a classical Chinese text. There are also some tunes and lyrics like the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Yuan Dynasty, many novels in the late Qing Dynasty, and modern articles, because they are more focused on the masses. So that ordinary people can understand it, so most of them use vernacular, because they are actually the vernacular at that time. The Dream of Red Mansions is just the language people spoke in the Qing Dynasty, not classical Chinese. The real classical Chinese can be understood by reading "Gu Wen Guan Zhi". It's all handwritten. If you don't understand, you can do it again. ask. 6. Did ancient Chinese always speak classical Chinese?
People in ancient times generally spoke in vernacular Chinese.
Classical Chinese is relative to "vernacular".
The first "wen" means written articles.
"Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". "Vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language."
In ancient my country, there were differences between expressing the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, if you wanted to ask someone if they had eaten, you would express it in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ?", and expressed in book language, it is "Fan?" "Fanfou" is classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese" 7. Which dynasty does classical Chinese originate from/
Classical Chinese is relative to "vernacular Chinese".
The first "literary" " means a written article. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" means written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called " "Vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "an article written in commonly used straightforward spoken language"
In ancient my country, there were different ways to express the same thing in spoken language and written language, for example, To ask someone if they have eaten, the verbal expression is "Have you eaten?" ", and to express it in books and language, it is "Fan? ". "Fan Fou" refers to classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture. The ancients left us a large amount of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a large role in middle school Chinese courses.
What is classical Chinese?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt that it constitutes the main body of Chinese traditional culture. It can be seen that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on it. The correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and Oracle is also knowledge. Why not learn Oracle? Yes, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are the more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as oracle bone inscriptions.
3. Classical Chinese is also the expression, description, combination, and expression of Chinese. Transformations, metaphors, comparisons, deductions... fully embody the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese and have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and you will have "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. .
4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "Vernacular Chinese". The structure of the word is like this: Classical Chinese - Wen. The first "wen" is "words" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It has two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later written into words. There are also two types of "written language" Important meaning: First, there can be a culture with language but no writing. For example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing. Second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing.
"Classical Chinese". The literal meaning of "wen" should be: a literary style of language. The latter "wen" refers to literary style.
So does classical Chinese have any "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, is there any practical value in life? I think there is some in modern society, but people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which leads to doubts about classical Chinese in modern applications. Ignore. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese and calligraphy is still used, and seal script is mostly used for engraving.
The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing. In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style.
When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves.
Source: 8. Before which dynasty, classical Chinese was used for dialogue
Ancient classical Chinese is a written language, and there was also vernacular in ancient times. For example, Ming and Qing novels such as "Water Margin" used it. Written in ancient vernacular, the popular use of modern vernacular originated from the vernacular movement of the New Culture Movement. In January 1917, Hu Shi published "A Preliminary Discussion on Literary Reform" in Volume 2, No. 5, of "New Youth".
In February 1917, Chen Duxiu published "On Literary Revolution" in the 6th issue of the second volume of "New Youth", proposing the three major principles of literary revolution. After Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu raised the banner of literary revolution in "New Youth", they received responses from Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong (Liu Fu) and others.
Qian Xuantong published "A Letter to Chen Duxiu" in Volume 3, No. 1, of "New Youth", expressing his agreement with Hu Shi's "A Preliminary Discussion on Literary Reform". In May 1918, "New Youth" completely switched to vernacular writing starting from Volume 4, Issue 5, and the number of vernacular poems increased. New works that were completely anti-feudal, represented by Lu Xun's vernacular novels, appeared.
In 1919, the Preparatory Conference for the Unification of Mandarin held its first conference. Liu Fu, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi, Zhu Xizu, Qian Xuantong, Ma Yuzao and others proposed the proposal of "Unified Method for Promoting Mandarin".
After various efforts, in January 1920, the Ministry of Education ordered all elementary schools across the country to change the first and second grade Chinese language to Chinese language. In April 1920, the Ministry of Education issued another notice, explicitly ordering that in addition to the Chinese language subjects for first and second grade students in national schools being changed to language and style texts, textbooks for other subjects should also be changed to language and style texts accordingly.
At this point, the vernacular movement has achieved significant results. The vernacular movement during the "May 4th" period was not only a revolution in stylistic reform, but as an integral part of the New Culture Movement, it promoted the development of the New Literature Movement, the Mandarin Unification Movement and the Chinese Character Reform Movement.