First, how to choose a copper pendant? 1, look at the material.
All-copper products are often compact in structure and weighed by hand, which is not only more biased than similar products, but also has a solid and durable feel; 2. Look at the coating. The standard electroplating layer can not only make the product surface fine and uniform, but also avoid oxidation and rust in wet environment.
Look at the surface of the pendant with your eyes. If the surface is not blistered and the coating is uniform, you can choose. 3. Look at the craft.
Products processed according to strict technological standards often go through complicated processes such as machining, polishing, welding and inspection. The product is not only beautiful in appearance, good in performance, but also excellent in feel, uniform, smooth and flawless. Second, how to maintain the pendant? 1. Clean the product regularly to keep its appearance bright and clean; 2. Wash the product surface with clean water or neutral detergent, and then dry it with a soft towel. 3. When cleaning products, do not use detergents containing chemical components or corrosiveness, especially detergents with frosting effect and rough cloth for cleaning and wiping; 4, pay attention to the hidden position of cleaning products, timely cleaning can make products last as long as new.
2. What is the front desk hardware culture?
Hardware culture hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and generally refers to metals.
"Cihai" contains: hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and is often used as a general term for metals or copper and iron products. This sea includes: hardware: five kinds of metals.
"The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue" and "Biography of He Lu": "It is said that Wang Yuan of Yue often makes Ou Yezi use five swords ... one Zhan Lu and one British hardware are the essence of the sun." According to the note of "Gold, Knife, Turtle and Shell" in Hanshu Food Records, "Gold is five-color gold, yellow is gold, white is silver, red is copper, green is lead, and black is iron."
Later, gold, silver, copper, iron and tin were collectively referred to as hardware. Hardware refers to gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, and hardware is the mother of industry; The products of national defense foundation-hardware materials are usually divided into two categories: big hardware and small hardware.
Big hardware refers to steel plate, steel bar, flat iron, universal angle steel, channel steel, I-beam and all kinds of steel products, while small hardware refers to building hardware, iron sheet, locking nails, iron wire, wire mesh, wire scissors, household hardware, various tools and so on. As far as the nature and use of hardware are concerned, it should be divided into eight categories: iron and steel materials, non-ferrous metal materials, mechanical parts, transmission equipment, auxiliary tools, working tools, building hardware and household hardware. A long hardware culture is an inexhaustible source.
The rise of Yongkang is inseparable from thousands of years of hardware culture. According to archaeological research, Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, came to Shicheng Mountain in Yongkang five thousand years ago to smelt copper and cast a tripod.
Qianlong's Imperial Four Treasures of the Study Encyclopedia collected Ding Lu written by Chen Yuli in the Southern Dynasties. This authoritative work on ding vessels records the theory of "Huangdi casting ding" circulated in Yongkang since ancient times. Huangdi cast a tripod, a sword in the Spring and Autumn Period, a crossbow machine in the Han Dynasty, a copper mine in the Song Dynasty, and an open barrel.
Local scholars believe that "Huangdi is the ancestor of hardware and Yongkang is the source of hardware." Furthermore, the top scholar and Yongkang people in the Southern Song Dynasty were unique, founded the Yongkang School, advocated the theory of "paying equal attention to justice and benefit", and formed a utilitarian Confucian culture in the debate with the famous scholar Zhu. Chen Liang's thoughts are deeply rooted in the hearts of Yongkang people.
Some American scholars specialize in studying and publishing monographs, and think that Chen Liang's thought is close to the concept of modern market economy in many aspects. Yongkang local culture, which combines the hardware culture of Huangdi and the utilitarian Confucian culture of Chen Liang, shines brilliantly in the development of modern market economy and becomes an inexhaustible motive force for Yongkang's entrepreneurial development.
3. What do you mean by traditional hardware fittings?
Hardware accessories refer to machine parts or components made of hardware, as well as some hardware products.
It can be used alone or as an auxiliary. For example, hardware tools, hardware accessories, daily hardware, construction hardware, security supplies.
Most hardware products are not final consumer goods. But as supporting products, semi-finished products and tools used in industrial manufacturing and production.
Only a few daily hardware products (accessories) are necessary tools for people's lives. Automatic drilling, tapping and cutting integrated equipment for curtain wall hooks, curtain wall fittings and curtain wall hardware, Baishi Apollo Automation Equipment Baishi Apollo Non-standard Automation Equipment Factory.
Automation equipment and machinery specialized in processing curtain wall hooks, curtain wall fittings and curtain wall hardware. Hardware fittings for doors and windows: handle, handle, hinge, bolt, handle, hinge, wind brace, pulley, door flower, throat hoop, lock box, contact bead, crescent lock, multi-point lock, actuator, lifter, door closer, glass glue, Samsung lock, etc.
4. What should we pay attention to when collecting common sense of ancient culture in China?
There are roughly three situations of calling people by their first names: (1) claiming their first names or calling them by their first names.
Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography.
For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised.
For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter". The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names.
Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping is Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is Tao, Li Bai is Du Fu, Han Yu is Han tui, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe is Su Ziyuan.
Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself.
Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Mr. Wu Liu, Li Bai's Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi's Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin's Yuxi Sheng, He's self-proclaimed Siming Fancy in his later years, Ouyang Xiu's Drunk, Liu Yi Jushi in his later years and Wang Anshi's Mid-Levels in his later years.
In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong.
Calling Qin Gui Minister is a kind of "evil death". Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number.
For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai is called Mr. Bao and Mr. Bao because of his name. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).
According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he is called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren."
The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu. Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli.
For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County. It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu.
In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his troops wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his troops to make a bright future". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much."
"Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.
The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title. In Meihualing, Duoduo was named Prince Yu by the Qing Dynasty.
Liu Jingting biography: "Ningnan South, Anhui Shuai wants to marry Ningnan, Gongting in the shogunate". Ningnan was the provincial name of Zuo Liangyu in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, Zhuge Liang was once conferred the title of marquis of Wu, so later generations are commensurate with marquis of Wu; Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, attacked the title of Xie Xuan, his ancestor, and he thanked him in the past. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Zheng Guogong, so it was called Wei in the world. Guo Ziyi, a famous soldier, was named Guo Ziyi and called "Guo Fenyang" for putting down the Anshi Rebellion. Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher, was named Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was named King Gong Jing. Sima Guang was once named the Duke of Wen, and the world called Sima Wengong. In the early Ming Dynasty, Liu Ji, the minister of Zhu Yuanzhang, was knighted with sincerity, and people were commensurate with sincerity.
Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place.
Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection. Also known as "Travel to the Mountain", there are four people, Lu's father, his father and Changle Wang.
5. What is the common sense of hardware purchase?
Tips for hardware purchase: 1. Material selection: functional hardware requires very high materials, and each different material determines whether the function is reasonable or not.
Copper is generally one of the most widely used materials, but its cost is relatively high and it is easy to rust, so it is not suitable for kitchen use. The kitchen is made of stainless steel. The more you use it, the brighter it gets. 2, choose design: In the past, hardware may not pay much attention to design, but now hardware has to "pay attention".
Taking the shopping basket as an example, the designed shopping basket facilitates people's storage habits, makes rational use of the storage space of cabinets, makes kitchen supplies "in their places" and realizes the maximum use value of space. Basket drawing can be divided into hearth drawing, three-sided drawing, drawer drawing, ultra-narrow drawing, deep drawing and corner drawing.
3. Look at the finished product: When purchasing the functional hardware of wardrobes and cabinets, you must experience it yourself and try "water". For example, the slide rail of basket pulling, a good slide rail has the characteristics of smooth push and pull, quiet and silent, and soft rebound. When buying, you can pull out the drawer and press it hard with your hand to see if it will loosen, make a noise or fall over.
6. Common sense of ancient culture
Ancient Astronomical Four Elephants The ancients divided twenty-eight lodges into four directions: east, north, west and south. The seven huts on each side are imagined as four animal images, called four elephants.
The seven nights in the East are like dragons flying in the night sky in spring and early summer, so they are called the Oriental Black Dragon. The seven nights in the north appear like snakes and turtles in the night sky in summer and early autumn, so it is called North Xuanwu. The seven-night tiger in the west jumped out of the night sky in late autumn and early winter, so it was called the West White Tiger. South Seven Nights is like a Suzaku spreading its wings and flying, appearing in the night sky in winter and early spring, so it is called South Suzaku. The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems.
Its nicknames can be divided into: (1) Because the first moon is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook. (2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.
(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror. (4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.
(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling. (6) According to legend, there are Guanghan Palace and Qing Xu Palace in the middle of the month, so it is called Guanghan and Qing Xu.
(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu. It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.
(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan. Ancient Geographical Rivers Many ancient articles specifically mentioned the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Generals fight against Henan and ministers fight against Hebei." "On Qin": "Then we will strengthen the city, because the river is a pool."
In Dedicated to Sister, "Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "He" refers to the canal. Xihe River is also called Hexi and the area west of Yellow River.
Such as "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "It must be outside the Xihe River." On Qin: "So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River."
Jiangdong lies to the east of the Yangtze River. For example, Li Qingzhao said in a poem: "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong."
Battle of Red Cliffs: "I am also a father and brother, leaving Jiangdong." Jiangzuo is Jiangdong.
The ancients Zuo Dong right west. "Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan": "That is, the order is to call Jiang Zuoying Jie to pick up his children."
The river is south of the Yangtze River. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jiang is a hero, and salt is attached to it."
Jiangnan is the general name of the area south of the Yangtze River, and the areas referred to vary from time to time. Bai Juyi said: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery has been cooked."
Wang Anshi's poem says, "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " Huaizuo, east of Huaishui.
"Yangzhou Slow" "Huai Zuo Du Ming, Zhu Xi Jia Chu", Yangzhou is in the east of Huai River. Shandong, as its name implies, is to the east of the mountain.
However, it should be noted that because the "mountain" of "Shandong" can refer to several different mountains such as Lushan, Huashan, Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, the areas referred to are not the same. The following is the standard "Shandong" of Lushan Mountain.
For example, Hanshu once mentioned that "Shandong produces a map and Shanxi produces a general". Hongmen Banquet: "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for money."
"On Qin": "Shandong Haojun rises together and Qin family dies." The ancient Kanto refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan, and the modern refers to the northeast area east of Shanhaiguan.
Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Kanto, fighting for the heroes." Refers to the area east of Tongguan.
Kansai refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is the future trouble of Cao Cao."
Guanzhong refers to different areas, and the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "The Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make Zi Ying the phase."
"On Qin": "The heart of the first emperor thought it was fixed in Guanzhong." In ancient China, there were four chronologies: (1) the chronology of the year when princes ascended the throne.
Count the years according to the years of the prince's reign. Biography of Lian Po: "In the sixteenth year of Huiwen, Lian Po was General Zhao."
(2) the number of years and the method of years. There has been a title since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Since then, every emperor has to change the throne and mark the year with the year number. Such as Pipa Xing and Ten Years of Yuanhe.
(3) chronology of major branches. Such as "Five Tombstones": "In memory of the arrest of Duke Zhou, I hope Ding Mao will be in March."
(4) The year number should be both a stem and a branch. When the year is numbered, the emperor's year is put in front, and the cadres and branches are listed behind.
There were three lunar calendar methods in ancient China: ordinal lunar calendar method. For example, "Herb Picking": "March flowers in the flat land, April flowers in the deep mountains."
Earth-supported lunar method. The ancients used to call the twelve earthly branches twelve months, and each earthly branch had a specific word "sword" in front of it.
For example, Du Fu's poem "Caotang is a thing" said: "A deserted village builds a moon, and an old woman's family is alone." "Zhuziyue" refers to the November of the lunar calendar according to the method of Zhou Dynasty. Seasonal calendar method.
Such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "When Meng Dong is cold, why is the north wind sad?" "Meng Dong" stands for October of the lunar calendar.
In ancient China, there were four main methods to record the days: sequential method. "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi": "On the night of March 5, the moon is half."
"March 5th" refers to the 15th day of the lunar calendar. Main and branch calendars.
For example, the Battle of Dishes: "In summer and April, Xin Si was defeated by Dishes." "Xin Si in April" refers to the lunar calendar method on April 13th of the lunar calendar.
Refers to the use of "new moon, non-,prosperous, both prosperous and beneficial" to mark the day. The first day of each month is called the new moon, the third day of each month is called the moon, and the middle of the month is called the moon (the fifteenth day of a small month and the sixteenth day of a big month). The day after the moon is called hope, and the last day of each month is called cloudy.
With both stems and branches, and the moon. Before the dry support is placed, after the moon phase is arranged.
There were two main timing methods in ancient China: weather timing method. The ancients originally divided a day and night into twelve hours according to the change of the sky. Their names are: Midnight, Crow, Pingdan, Sunrise, Food Time, Horn (Yu), Sun, Sun (Death), Sun (Divination), Sunrise, Dusk, and Man's Decision.
For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Chickens crow into the weaving and can't rest every night." "Lonely people will settle down after dusk."
Geocentric chronology. The twelve earthly branches represent the change of twelve o'clock in a day and night.
There are three situations in which people use their first names: (1) call themselves by their first names. Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems".
(2) for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou".
(3) people who are disgusted and despised. For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter".
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7. What is cultural common sense?
Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.
2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. 3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West.
4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake. 5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang and Mark? Twain, Europe? Henry.
6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang". 7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece of Sanqu, Sha? Qiu Si is called "the father of Qiu Si".
8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet". Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet).
10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum. 1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.
12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings. 13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone.
14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji. 15, the six meanings in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance, praise (classification), fu, comparison and honor (expression).
16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, laurel, top, top, champion: first.
18, three cardinal guides and five permanent members: "three cardinal guides": the father is the child guide, the monarch is the minister guide, and the husband is the wife guide; "Five permanent members": benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. 19, The Four Books and Five Classics are mainly Confucian classics: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, and University; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.
20. Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi, Ren Huang or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. 2 1. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.
22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. 23. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.
24. "Eight methods of harmony" means that the word "harmony" has eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, there were names such as Yao, Xu and imperial academy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the highest institution of higher learning was imperial academy.
26. Three religions and nine streams: "Three religions": Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; "Nine streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalists, Famous Scholars, Mohists, Strategists, Miscellaneous Scholars and Peasants. 27. Ancient Imperial Examination (Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties): A kind of childbirth examination, also known as "childbirth examination", regardless of age, is called childbirth, and only those who pass the examination can participate in the imperial examination.
B. After obtaining the rural examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examination was held in provincial capitals every three years. The scholar took part in the exam, and the person who passed the exam was called Jie. Exam C, an exam held every three years in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, can be taken by juren from all provinces and imperial academy Jian-guo students, and 300 students are admitted as Gong Shi, and the first one is Huiyuan.
D Palace Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system, and the emperor personally questioned the palace officials who will be admitted to the imperial court to determine the first level. Admission is divided into three grades: first-class and third-class, awarded the title of "Jinshi Ji", the first champion (Dingyuan), the second, the third Tan Hua, collectively known as "the top three"; A number of dimethyl, given the name "Jinshi origin"; Number three, given the name "with Jinshi origin"
Attachment: (Form)-level (sub-examination) College Entrance Examination Formal Imperial Examination After the examination in the Palace once every three years (autumn) and once every three years (spring), in April of the same year, candidates, Confucian scholars and scholars in the palace won fame and scholarships. The first place is Xie Yuan (Gong Shi). Lian Deng No.3 (Sanyuanji): Xie Yuan-Huiyuan-Ancient Imperial Examination Champion.
Verb (short for verb) Poetry and Man: He gave his heart to two generations. -Zhuge Liang, but before he could conquer, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on.
-Zhuge Liang's real name debut, who is better than in a thousand years. -Zhuge Liang knows three points in the world, and he will do his best.
-Zhuge Liang is upright and upright, indomitable spirit; You are worried about me and angry, writing the glory of history. -Sima Qian grinds the needle stone between hops and grasses, and hangs a bow to help the mulberry with a sword.
-Li's ancient poems, the bones of great writers are all your brushes, in Tianyuan; Proudly speaking, violet laity is immortal. —— Li Baiweng went to 800 years, and his hometown was still drunk; Six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilion is not alone.
-Ouyang Xiu's iron plate and copper pipa sang along with Dongpo's River of No Return, and Mei Qin's "Leaving Sorrow" followed the Southern Song Dynasty's "Hongyan Flying South". -Xin Qiji is pale in the world and a saint in poetry; Human suffering, pen bottom waves.
-Du Fu is still motionless, and there is always Dan Xin shining in ancient and modern times. -Wen Tianxiang meditated on holding high the white loyalty, gurgling through the ages and hating Taiwan.
-Qu Yuan's lakes and mountains are full of worries for thousands of people. —— Fan Zhongyan has been a river for hundreds of generations, and the waves are rushing, washing out the heroes of the ages; Ci Yuan is in full bloom for a thousand years, and a daughter flower is in full bloom.
-Li Qingzhao's translation hasn't been written yet, and I was shocked when I heard the meteorite. China, who took the lead in crying? Mr. Wang has passed away, recalling the past rain, and the literary world has been at a loss since then. -Lu Xun * * * called Zhu Ziqing: "A man who does not bend over for five buckets of rice."
Lenin praised Gorky as "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art" and the incarnation of ballet: ulanova.
Guan Hanqing is called "Shakespeare of the East". Six, a comment on the book: ① Romance of the Three Kingdoms: the words are not very deep, and the words are not very vulgar.
② A Dream of Red Mansions: Every word is well-written, and ten years of painstaking efforts are extraordinary. (In Cao Xueqin's language) ③ Meng Qian's pen talk: the coordinates in the history of science and technology in China.
(English? Needham) ④ Entering the Dragon: Romance of the Three Kingdoms ⑤ Mirror of the Emperor ⑤ Meaningful rhetoric ⑤ Warring States Policy ⑤ Immortal Art of War ⑧ Art of War ⑧ Camel Xiangzi of old Corona.
8. Knowledge culture
"Knowledge without culture" simply means that you have received all kinds of higher education, but you don't know how to treat people and have no academic qualifications.
The knowledge here focuses on people's professional skills and is a means for people to transform society and benefit mankind. Mainly refers to the knowledge of specific disciplines, such as physical knowledge, medical knowledge, literature and history knowledge. Focus on memory, technology and occupation. The culture here focuses on people's spiritual level, including personality cultivation, ideals and beliefs, spiritual realm, cultural consciousness, social responsibility and so on. People with professional knowledge do not necessarily have academic qualifications, and those with academic qualifications do not necessarily have a high level of knowledge. Culture is a kind of personal accomplishment. Li Youcai in Li Youcai's banhua doesn't know a few words, but he is definitely a literate person, who knows everything about astronomy, geography, customs and life.