Brother Li's 300,000-word series of academic papers "Looking forward to the future-a journey of Tang poetry" (published by Shanghai Oriental Publishing Center) takes Tang poetry as the theme, combining poetry with people, emotion and reason, ancient and modern, poetic expression and detailed analysis and comments, with beautiful words, profound knowledge, uniqueness and passion. The author's profound and solid academic foundation, aura of artistic wisdom and brilliant literary talent have been fully exerted in this book.
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After more than a thousand years, in October, I finally got my wish and went to Du Fu's hometown, which is now gongyi city, Gongxian County. It's like looking at the vast sea, looking for and staring at its original source.
As soon as the car entered the suburb of Gongyi, the beautiful buildings on the hillside on both sides of the highway came into view. Colleagues said that Gongyi is now one of the top 100 counties in China and the richest village in Gongyi, where farmers from township enterprises live. "There are tens of millions of spacious buildings, and the poor in the world are happy." Du Fu prayed in The Hut Was Blown by Autumn Wind. If he returns to his hometown in a thousand years, will the exhibition laugh? When we came, it coincided with the completion of the Du Fu Painting and Calligraphy Institute funded by a local individual owner and the unveiling ceremony of the monument was held. Drums burst, firecrackers rang, colorful flags fluttered and crowds surged. There are few donkeys with hooves on the streets of gongyi city, but only four-wheeled taxis. Du Fu, who is indifferent and self-sufficient, will take a taxi if he doesn't want a special car to pick him up? We looked around and never saw Du Fu, so we had to drive out of the north gate of the old county town of Gongxian, cross the small stone bridge of Dongsihe River and go straight to Du Fu's former residence at the foot of Bijia Mountain in Nanyaowan Village not far away.
Du Fu once had a distinguished family background. His thirteenth ancestor, Du Yu, was a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty and a native of Jingzhao Ling Du, so Du Fu also called himself "Ling Du Yelao". Du Xun, the grandson of Du Yu, moved south to Xiangyang, so Du Fu also mentioned this place many times. Du Fu's great-grandfather Du Yi and his family moved to Nanyaowan Village, one mile away from the county seat. His son Du Shenyan was a famous poet in the era of Wu Zetian, so Du Fu once said that "poetry is knowledgeable person". Father Du Xian worked as a Sima in Yanzhou, and Du Fu wrote a poem called "Climbing to Yanzhou Tower", and his earliest famous poem "Looking at Yue" was probably written when he was young in Yanzhou Tower overlooking Mount Tai.
Sang Tian Cang Hai, I'm here to visit Du Fu's former residence. My footprints, as light as dust, can be superimposed on his eternal footprints. What kind of luck is it? Before I came here, although I knew that Du Fu's family background had declined, after all, he used to be Zhong Ming's home, and his former residence must be considerable. In particular, he was later honored as a "poet saint" and was listed as one of the world cultural celebrities in the meeting of the Presidium of the World Peace Council held in Stockholm in 196 1. His former residence should have been beautifully decorated. The result was disappointing.
Bijia Mountain remains unchanged and still looks like a pen. At the foot of the mountain is Du Fu's former residence, which has experienced many vicissitudes. In a small courtyard made of blue bricks, there are only two or three equally small rooms near the wall. A cave about 1 1 m deep from east to west is the birthplace of Du Fu. There are no other historical sites here except a few stone tablets and some charts. In the courtyard of the pass (low and narrow), if there are more tourists, it will be crowded. "Seven-year-old think strong, phoenix sings. Nine-year-old calligraphy has been put into the bag "("Yong Feng "). Did his singing and calligraphy when he was a child come from this small broken house? "I remember my fifteen-year-old heart was a child, and I was as healthy as a yellow calf. Pears and dates are ripe in August before the courtyard, and trees can return several times a day "("Collection of Mourning for the Past "). How can this shabby yard accommodate pear trees and jujube trees swaying in the wind? Visiting Du Fu's former residence, the bleak autumn wind blew, and my heart was filled with sadness. Not to mention foreign writers such as Shakespeare in London, Hugo in Paris, Pushkin in Moscow and Scott in Scotland, even many other various memorial halls in China far exceed Du Fu's former residence, not to mention the increasingly prosperous luxury hotels, restaurants and nightclubs. "From the south, further north-to my own town!" "The lonely boat is the heart of his hometown" and "The moonlight at home is how bright!" . What would Du Fu think if he knew, if he came back in the moonlight?
Du Fu's mausoleum is located on Mangshan Mountain, far from his former residence. It is bordered by the Yellow River in the north, Songshan Mountain in the west, and Elo River Bay in the east. It has its own vast and desolate weather. Walking into the cemetery, it is wide but the facilities are simple. Du Fu's tomb, Wen Zong's tomb and Zongwu's tomb suddenly come into view. The so-called grave, besides a tombstone, is actually just three mounds. Wen Zong died early in Sichuan, while Du Fu and his second son Zong Wu both died in Hunan. When Du went to ask Yuan Zhen to make an epitaph, he was already in his prime. It was a time when there was a shortage of military forces in Dali period. He is as poor as before. Can he really bury the coffins of his father and grandfather in Yanshi and move to Gongxian? Yuan Zhen said that he "inspired the beauty of the son, attached Yan's family, and took the path to Jing." There is no waterway between Jing and Yan, how can it travel thousands of miles by land? Maybe Yuan Zhen just listened to his thoughts and didn't see it himself? In the middle of the cemetery, I suddenly remembered Zhou Xu's poem "Hanging Du Fu's Tomb" in the Song Dynasty: "Du Fu's poet's tomb, leaning on the top of Beimang. No one knows it, it is famous for its history. Apes cry sadly, and smoke permeates the trees. Only the article is there, and the night shines in Zhu Tian. "
Although Du Fu's final destination is worthy of textual research, people's longing for the future is also inevitable. He was embarrassed and down before his death, and his former residence was still dilapidated after a thousand years, which naturally made people feel inexplicable. However, the authenticity of the mausoleum has nothing to do with the loneliness and grandeur of the former residence. As a poet, his immortal life is his immortal article. Those frivolous emperors' palace literati and the officials of the five tombs have long since passed away like passers-by in the long river of history, and some have not even left a trace of foam. However, Du Fu's outstanding works, no matter day or night, are all in flames. Autumn is late in the cemetery, Songshan Mountain is still towering, and the Ilo River still flows eastward. After thousands of years of wind, frost, rain and snow, you are still with our nation forever. I came to Henan from Hunan, from your destination to your starting point, holding a fragrant heart, in your hometown forgotten thousands of years ago.
History in the crevice
This book is the author's profound and painful reflection on the culture of China for more than 2,000 years. China people breathe in the cracks, distorting and strangling human nature. It is one of the series of "Rereading the Great Times".
The book * * * contains 14 articles, among which "What I saw and thought in Confucius Temple" analyzes how Confucius with independent spirit finally became the tool and source needed by the rulers; The Crime of Success pointedly pointed out that Shang Yang's iron fist policy characterized by "legal system" helped Qin become stronger and stronger, and at the same time, it also set a precedent for suppressing thoughts and public opinion. By analyzing the famous incident of "burning books to bury Confucianism", Ash Heap mercilessly attacked the rulers' barbaric acts of exterminating culture and trampling on human nature, and pointed out that this incident brought disaster to the splendid China culture and thought.
This book traces the tenacious evolution of humanistic spirit from the aspects of history, culture and system, as well as the living landscape of people from all walks of life in China in several typical times.
This is a book of the author's own views on some historical events and the conclusions drawn after studying those events. There are many well-known stories and characters in the book, including the construction of Confucius Temple, Shang Yang's political reform, Jing Ke's stabbing of Qin Wang, Wang Zhaojun's marriage to Xiongnu, and several rebellions in Wu Sangui.
Although the comments and research on these stories and characters have a long history, most of them are consistent. They think that Confucius traveled to other countries to gain knowledge, Jing Ke failed to assassinate the king of Qin because of his poor swordsmanship, Wang Zhaojun went out to live in peace with the Xiongnu and the Han Empire, and Wu Sangui's rebellion was to win the championship and turn anger into beauty. But the author's point of view is completely different from theirs. What impressed me the most was the part about Jing Ke stabbing Qin Wang and Wu Sangui's rebellion.
Jing Ke is a great hero who has been praised by people. He dared to assassinate a king who wanted to rule the country by himself. He finally failed. People all think that his failure is due to his poor swordsmanship, so some people lament his bravery and some people lament his misery. But the author points out the fatal weakness hidden in Jing Ke's heart: Jing Ke is not completely dedicated! Because Jing Ke had no reason to lay down his life, he went to assassinate the king of Qin just to repay Yan Taizi Dan, and Taizi Dan only regarded Jing Ke as a move against Qin. In the case of using and being used, how could Jing Ke be willing to repay Taizi Dan with his own life? Jing Ke: He may want to capture the King of Qin alive, so as to kill him and save himself, but in the palace of the King of Qin, his hesitation will ruin everything. The author also said that China people's love for Jing Ke "stems from a need for self-recognition and affirmation", and Jing Ke "gradually became the hole for depressed souls to vent their anger" and he "evolved into a symbol of resistance to tyrants". Therefore, China people are unwilling to seriously analyze the reasons for Jing Ke's failure, or just feel sorry for his failure, so they turn to preach his bravery. This is the survival wisdom of the oppressed and exploited people of China.
As for Wu Sangui who rebelled, the author points out that Wu Sangui rebelled against the Qing government for Chen Yuanyuan's killing of Li Zicheng's army, not to restore the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Because in fact, after he put the Qing army into the customs, he didn't go to Chen Yuanyuan when he arrived in Beijing, but continued to hunt down Li Zicheng's troops all the way. When he arrived in Kangxi, Wu Sangui rebelled under the guise of fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight, because his interests were damaged because he wanted to withdraw from San Francisco. It's a pity that he didn't live up to expectations himself. It didn't take long for him to become emperor, and he was reviled by the world.
A writer once commented on Zhu Hong, saying that he is a "literary knife", the scalpel of China people's soul; One is a "prose digger", a digger of living mineral deposits. In his place, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, it is like two electric screens that are easy to open and close. With a finger, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing are vivid; In addition, Japan, Western Europe, South Africa and North America are all related to his role.