"Borrowing Arrows from Straw Boats" What is the lesson plan?
1. Textbook content
"Borrowing Arrows from Straw Boats" is the 12th volume newly compiled by the People's Education Press The first part of the fourth group of textbooks focuses on reading texts. The article tells that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and asked Zhuge Liang to select 100,000 arrows within ten days to frame him. In order to take the overall situation into consideration, Zhuge Liang battled wits with Zhou Yu and used a clever plan to "borrow arrows" from Cao Cao, thwarting Zhou Yu's plot. It shows that Zhuge Liang is courageous, knowledgeable, well-planned, and extremely talented. This is a good text that implements the key training items of this unit, develops language, inspires thinking, and enlightens wisdom.
2. Teaching objectives
The focus of reading and writing training in this group of textbooks is to distinguish the causes and consequences of things. When teaching, this focus should be organically integrated into the entire teaching process. Let students know that the straw boat borrowing arrows has its causes and consequences, and every detail in the article also has its causes and consequences. Let students learn and master the method of distinguishing the causes and consequences of things on the basis of clarifying the narrative sequence and understanding the content of the text, and can use them in studying the last two texts of this group of textbooks to further improve their reading ability and understand their role in composition. Based on this, the teaching objectives are:
1. Understand the content of the text and understand that the main reason for Zhuge Liang's success in borrowing arrows is that he has outstanding talents and a broad mind that takes the overall situation into consideration.
2. Clarify the order of narrative in the article, distinguish the causes and consequences of things on the basis of understanding the content of the text, and understand its role in reading and writing.
3. Learn the new words and new words in this lesson. Can make sentences using "entrust" and "easily"
4. Read the text emotionally.
5. Learn how to read the text starting with key words and explore the text.
The teaching objectives of this lesson focus on points 1, 2, and 4 above. The focus of teaching is: How did Zhuge Liang use a straw boat to borrow arrows? The difficulty of teaching is: Understand why Zhuge Liang succeeded in borrowing arrows, and understand Zhuge Liang's magical calculation. In order to highlight the key points of teaching, break through teaching difficulties, and fully implement the teaching objectives of this class, the teaching process must follow the principles of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and proceeding step by step. We strive to inspire and induce, transform teaching into guidance, and turn it into a process of exploration and discovery for students. According to the key items of training and the characteristics of the text, design key items with rich thinking value, and use multi-level and multi-gradient questions that are in line with the characteristics of the text and full of thinking value to guide the reading of the text, and guide students to ask more whys. Give full play to the role of reading aloud and silent reading in understanding text content, developing language, and cultivating sentiment, and strengthen the cultivation of students' sensitivity to language.
3. Teaching methods
Chinese teaching should follow the teaching principles of "teacher-led, students-centered, and training as the main line". In view of the teaching objectives of this lesson and the actual situation of students, the teaching methods of this lesson are:
1. Use heuristic teaching. That is, carefully designing questions, allowing students to read with questions, think, understand, and draw words and sentences while reading, so that students can use their brains, words, and hands to understand the content of the text.
2. Use guided reading method for teaching. Guide them to read, guide them to think, guide them to speak, guide them to write, guide them to question.
3. Use physical demonstration method to teach. Physical demonstration plays an intuitive role and helps to break through the difficulties in the teaching materials. In addition, the method of reading reading, calligraphy on the blackboard, etc. are used simultaneously, with the purpose of changing the reading teaching from a blur to a clear line.
4. Guidance on learning methods
Mr. Ye Shengtao pointed out: Teachers do not teach in full, but instruct students to use their talents, practice diligently, and understand. The source is broad and the skill is profound, and one is a good teacher. To become a "good teacher", teachers must provide guidance in learning methods, because methods are the golden key to open the treasure house of knowledge.
?According to the characteristics of this lesson, focus on instructing students to use the following three methods to learn the text:
1. Use the word "borrow" in the topic as a clue: Why borrow arrows? How to borrow arrows? What are the results of borrowing arrows? Clarify the narrative sequence of the article.
2. Start with the key paragraphs, strengthen the training of words, words, and sentences, avoid covering everything, and enable students to deeply understand the ideological content of the text.
3. Grasp key words? Make clever calculations? Set up doubts to guide reading, use words to surround the text, string beads together, and delve into the causes and consequences of things.
5. Teaching procedures
1. Introduction of review
The purpose of reviewing old lessons is to review the past and learn new things, to pave the way for new lessons, and to connect the teaching before and after.
(1) Ask a classmate to talk about the causes and consequences of borrowing arrows from a straw boat, and summarize them in four words.
(2) Why did Zhuge Liang dare to issue a military order to Zhou Yu, guaranteeing to raise tens of millions of arrows within three days? Please find a central word from the text to summarize it, and use ?because?so( Writing on the blackboard: clever calculations)
(3)? What does "神机 clever calculations" mean? What questions can you ask from this word?
2. Guide it to reading
By interjecting questions to introduce the text, students can understand Zhuge Liang's clever calculations. Where are they reflected in the text? This will lay the foundation for further studying cause and effect, answering questions, and achieving the purpose of reading instead of asking and reading instead of answering.
Student (read first): Lu Su privately allocated twenty clippers to wait for Zhuge Liang’s dispatch.
Teacher (interrupting question): What aspects show that Zhuge Liang is calculating?
Student (reading): The first day? You will know when you go there.
Teacher (Interruption): What is Zhuge Liang’s first clever way to use a straw boat to borrow arrows?
Student (Reading): Zhuge Liang ordered? Drive towards the north bank.
Teacher (Interruption): What did Zhuge Liang calculate first?
Student (Reading): At this time, the sky was filled with heavy fog, and the boat had already approached Cao Jun's water stronghold.
Teacher (Interruption): What is the second clever way Zhuge Liang used a straw boat to borrow arrows?
Student (Reading): Zhuge Liang ordered the bow of the boat to face west? He shouted loudly shout.
Teacher (interrupting question): What did Zhuge Liang achieve?
Student (reading): Lu Su said in surprise: "He will go back at dawn."
Teacher (interrupting question): Zhuge Liang? Calculation? Are you accurate?
Student (reading): Cao Cao heard drums and shouts? Arrows seemed to rain
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Teacher (Interruption): What is Zhuge Liang’s third wonderful method of using a straw boat to borrow arrows?
Student (Reading): Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned around again? The grass on both sides of the boat The handle is filled with arrows.
Teacher (interruption): What is Zhuge Liang’s fourth clever method of using a straw boat to borrow arrows?
Student (reading): Zhuge Liang ordered the sergeants to shout in unison? To chase? No need to do it
3. Guide students to think
This part of the teaching. Grasping the word "magical calculation", two questions are presented to explore Zhuge Liang's magical calculation and what exactly he calculated. Thinking question (1) adopts the method of "support" to guide the reading method. Thinking question (2) uses the "half-support method" to allow students to master reading methods. The purpose of teaching is to apply reading methods and realize the transfer and application of learning methods.
Thinking question (1): Zhuge Liang made clever calculations. What did he first calculate? Underline the relevant sentences and summarize them in four words. What does Zhuge Liang know? First, guide students to read the relevant sentences:? At this time, the sky was filled with heavy fog. The boat had already approached Cao Jun's water stronghold. Then instruct the students to excerpt the sentence "The sky is full of fog", and finally inspire the students to understand: Zhuge Liang can predict "the sky is full of fog" three days later because he understands astronomy. Question (2): Zhuge Liang made a clever calculation. What did he calculate?
Underline the relevant sentences and summarize them in four words.
What kind of person does Cao Cao say reflect what kind of person he is? First, guide the students to look at the illustrations, listen to the conversation recording between Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, and then ask the students to excerpt the sentence "dare not send troops". From what Cao Cao said, we can know that he is a cautious man in using troops. , suspicious people. Zhuge Liang dared to conclude that Cao Cao did not dare to send troops because he knew the hearts of the people.
4. Guide them to practice
?Practice? means classroom practice. Show exercises and let students practice, so as to cultivate students' ability to apply learning methods and think independently. Practice question: Zhuge Liang used four magical methods to borrow arrows from a straw boat, cross out the relevant sentences, and summarize them in eight words.
The first inspection and discussion can be summarized as follows: connect the ropes and drive north; swing out and beat the drum and shout: turn the bow of the boat, approach the water village, shout in unison, and drive back to the south bank. Then let students read the relevant sentences repeatedly to deepen their understanding of the four wonderful methods.
5. Introduce it and explain it
Thinking question: What are the four wonderful ways Zhuge Liang used straw boats to borrow arrows? What is the meaning? This thinking question has a certain Depending on the difficulty, you can use physical demonstration methods to help students understand the secrets of each method: "Rope connection" to prevent the ship in the fog from being separated, "Swinging in a straight line" is to expand the area where arrows are received, "Turn the bow of the ship" ?It can not only catch arrows on both sides of the ship, keep the ship balanced, but also prepare for the rapid withdrawal of troops. Sailing back to the south bank shows that Zhuge Liang knows geography. This part of the teaching not only cultivates students' thinking ability, but also cultivates students' oral expression ability. Finally, use blackboard writing to summarize the text, clarify cause and effect, and then assign homework to preview the first and second paragraphs, use effects to find causes, and implement the training items of this group of texts.