Because there is a Ganjiang River running through the north and south in its territory!
As one of the eight tributaries of the Yangtze River, Ganjiang River is the main artery of Jiangxi Province. It flows through Ganzhou, Ji 'an, Yichun, Nanchang, Jiujiang and other important cities under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Province.
It is still very convincing to use the word "Jiangxi" to control the soul of Jiangxi Province.
So, is the original meaning "source" of the word "Gan" just "point" on this river?
Well, I'm not sure. ...
There is a popular saying about the origin of the word:
Ganjiang River, which runs through Jiangxi Province, is formed by the confluence of Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River. Therefore, the word "gan" is a combination of "Zhang" and "Gong", which has the symbolic significance of convergence.
"Gan" is pronounced as (gàn) to express the meaning of "trunk". The first layer indicates that the Ganjiang River becomes the "main" flow after the confluence of Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River. The other layer indicates that the Ganjiang River runs through Jiangxi from south to north and is the main water system of the province.
If this statement is reliable, then we must have the titles of "Zhangjiang" and "Gongjiang" to derive the title of "Ganjiang". The original meaning of the word "dry" must be based on the words "Zhang" and "Gong".
However, is this the case?
Tracing back to the source 1. The "confluence theory" is a fallacy.
For this statement, Ouyang Yi (mín), the grandson of Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, corrected it in Yu Di Guang Ji: there was sweet water first, then Zhang and Gong.
Why is he so confident?
Because the names of Zhang and Gong Ershui only exist in the new era.
Tang Daizong's name was Li Yu. At that time, the water in Jiangxi was called "Zhang Yushui". Isn't this the "Yu" taboo of the emperor? So the ancient name "catch water" was restored. It was this time that I changed my name. By the way, the east and west sources of Ganshui were renamed as Zhangshui and Gongshui. Only at that time, the east source was Zhangshui and the west source was Gongshui. It was only in the Song Dynasty that it was exchanged, and it coincided with today.
Therefore, the origin of the names of Zhang and Gong is the anti-secession of the word "gan". It was because of Jiangxi that Zhanggong was produced, not because of the merger of Zhanggong that "Jiangxi" was produced.
The early Li Daoyuan also criticized the statement that "Zhang and Gong merged into Jiangxi" in the Notes on Water Classics. He said: "Yue:' There is Zhangshui in the southeast and Gongshui in the west of the county, and the county is ruled between the two waters, so the word Jiangxi Ershui is counted as two counties. "This is for the sake of absurdity. Liu said water in words, but he didn't know it was far from the truth. "
So what are "far" and "real"?
This should also start with the initial structure of the word "dry" ...
2. The evolution of Gan dialect.
As we all know, Chinese characters are constantly changing.
Generally speaking, Chinese characters have been used for more than 3,000 years, and they have turned into "simplified characters" that we use today, and have gone through about eight stages of evolution. They are:
Oracle Bone Inscriptions bronze seal script official script cursive script running script regular script.
Judging from the available data, the word "dry" appeared in the period.
In principle, the word "gan" is a combination of left and right structures.
On the left, the inscription "Zhang" stands for laws and regulations, order and other similar meanings. On the right, it looks like a person holding a piece of paper in both hands, giving and returning. Obviously, the shape on the right is not the word "palace" we understand today.
In fact, in the writing of the word "gan" in the pre-Qin and Qin dynasties, the word "gong" on the right side has not yet appeared.
If Gansu script existed in the earlier Oracle Bone Inscriptions era, but it failed to be handed down for various reasons, its basic structure should not be far from the bronze inscription only from the development law of the script.
It is found that the right side of the word "gan" comes from the earliest recorded "gong" in Han Dynasty.
In other words, the word "gan" was not composed of "Zhang" and "Gong" from the beginning, but evolved and transformed in the long process of development.
We know the names of Zhang Shui and Gong Shui, who were born in Tang Daizong in the eighth century. So when did the name Ganjiang appear? Does the creation of characters in Gan dialect depend on Gan River?
3. Records about Jiangxi and Ganjiang River
Is it too early to record Shan Hai Jing?
In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Shan Hai Jing mentioned "Gan" in the East longitude of the sea and the Classic of the Sea.
Jiangxi water flows from Niedu Dongshan. -"Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Dong Jing"
There is a Jiangxi giant in the south, with a long face and long lips, black hair all over his body and a reverse heel. When people laugh, their lips will cover their faces, so they will run away. -"Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing"
This shows that at least in the pre-Qin period, the relationship between the word "Jiangxi" and "ancient Jiangxi area" has been affirmed.
At that time (during the Warring States period when Shan Hai Jing was written), the word "gan" on the right side also came from "owe" and "north", not from "tribute". To take a step back, even if the right part is a foreign word "gong" that we can't understand today, it is also Zhangjiang and Gongjiang that existed in Ganjiang before.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jiangxi belonged to Wu Chu. Furthermore, in the Shang Dynasty, Jiangxi entered the Bronze Age just like the Central Plains. If the future archaeology in Oracle Bone Inscriptions can detect the word "gan", then we can probably analyze its original meaning more reliably!
However, referring to the word-formation mode of the inscription on the word "Gan" I analyzed above, we can still see the original meaning of the word "Gan".
4. Speculation on the original meaning of the word "dry"
To be sure, the names of Gan people and Gan water and the formation of the word "Gan" have a long history.
So what is the original meaning of the word Jiangxi?
In the process of changing words, on the one hand, the original intention will inevitably be gradually lost; On the other hand, we should respect, consider and retain its original meaning every time we innovate. Then, let's guess from the earliest and last two versions of "Double-headed Attack".
With regard to Chinese characters, the six books mentioned by Xu Shen in Shuo Wen Jie Zi include pictographic characters, signifier characters, knowing characters, pictophonetic characters, transliteration characters and loanwords. Among them, "Zhuan Zhu" and "Zhuan Zhu" are not words, but two ways of using words. The other pictographic characters, fingering, knowing and pictophonetic characters belong to the word-making method. Pictograph and signifier belong to the word-making method of the emblem.
Gan is obviously a combined Chinese character, so its word formation is either knowing or pictophonetic (I personally tend to know).
We are not sure because we are not sure which law Jiangxi characters are based on.
A knowing word refers to a comprehensive new word composed of two or more independent words according to their respective meanings.
Pictophonetic characters refer to synthetic characters which are partly ideographic and partly phonological on the basis of pictographic characters, signifier characters and cognitive characters.
First: from bronze inscriptions.
As we said above, the inscription "Gan", the inscription "Zhang" on the left represents the meaning of laws, regulations, order and so on, and the one on the right looks like a person holding a Zhang Yuzhang in both hands, giving and rewarding.
Can it be understood that this "Jiangxi" is an ancient reward or affirmation of order?
In ancient times, production capacity and technology were very limited, and they were very dependent on natural resources. Moreover, the river can nourish the banks, irrigate farmland, and make our ancestors get richer material returns. They believe in gods and think that this river is an excellent condition for the survival of heaven, so they name this river with the word "Jiangxi" and call people living near this river Jiangxi people.
Of course, this is just a guess. It is also possible that the "order" refers not to the Ganjiang River, but to other things in this area.
Second, from the current improved version of Gan.
"Zhang" on the left, like "Zhang", means praise.
The "work" in the lower right indicates contribution and reward.
The root of "ba" in the upper right corner has two meanings, one is from the back; One is over, over.
Generally speaking, the word "gan" in modern Chinese also means praise and reward. I don't know if it's what we said earlier-keep the original intention!
Summarizing and combining the meaning of the word "Gan" in inscriptions on bronze and modern regular script, I infer that the original meaning of Gan is probably the meaning of reward and gift!
To tell the truth, my personal knowledge in all aspects is really very limited. Please help teachers and friends to correct my mistakes and omissions.
Thank you for reading. I'm Ren Jinya.
——END——
Jiangxi is called "Jiangxi" mainly because there is a river in Jiangxi called "Ganjiang". The river flows through Jiangxi from south to north and finally joins the Yangtze River.
The word "Gan" is pronounced gàn and comes from rivers and streams. At first, it only refers to the name of water, that is, Ganjiang River in Jiangxi Province. This word is also called Ba and Qi. "Gathering Rhyme and Feeling Rhyme": "Ba, the name of water, comes from Nankang. Still do it. " .
The meaning of the word "Qi" comes from Zhang Gong, that is, Zhang Shui and Gong Shui in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River, and Song Wangxiang's "Jade Emperor Jisheng Ganzhou": "(Qi) Zhang and Gong are combined as meaning. Ershui is a shackle, embracing the left and right, melting into a corner of the city, and the text is a shackle. " That is to say, the river after Zhangshui and Gongshui is named after Hehezi, which gives the word "Qing", that is, after Zhangshui and Gongshui meet, it is called Ganjiang.
The county where Zhangshui and Gongshui meet is called Ganxian, which is now Ganzhou City. Ganjiang River flows northward through Nanchang City. There is a famous Wang Teng Pavilion on the east bank of Ganjiang River in Nanchang. The Ganjiang River flows from Wucheng to Poyang Lake and then joins the Yangtze River at the mouth of Jiujiang City. To the south is Lushan Mountain, a national scenic spot, and to the east is Shi Zhongshan, which is famous for Shi Zhongshan written by Su Shi.
Because the Ganjiang River runs through Jiangxi province from south to north, Jiangxi is nicknamed "Gan".
The meaning of the word "Gan" indicates that Jiangxi Province has made outstanding contributions to the establishment of China people and country.
The Nanchang Uprising on August 1st fired a shot at the Kuomintang reactionaries.
Jinggangshan Joining Forces and the Establishment of China Revolution.
Our happy life now is bought by many martyrs in Jiangxi with their lives. Everyone in China can't forget the heroes who died for the China revolution!
Jiangxi is called "Gan" for short, and it is named after "Ganjiang". It is a truth that Hunan and Liaoning have Xiangjiang River and Liaohe River, so it is called "Hunan and Liaoning" for short. After the founding of New China, the name of water province was taken as the abbreviation of a province.
Ganjiang River originates from Wuyishan (Shiliaodong, Ganjiangyuan Village, hengjiang town, Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province) at the junction of Jiangxi and Fujian, with a river length of 75 1 km, and the drainage area accounts for about half of the area of Jiangxi Province.
From water to state, "Ganjiang River Basin" was called "Ganzhou" in ancient times.
As can be seen from the map, the Ganjiang River traverses the whole Jiangxi Province from south to north, flows into Poyang Lake and is connected with the Yangtze River, and the water system is very developed.
As the saying goes, "Three rivers lead to five lakes, and wild scenery leads to Ouyue", which is a veritable "mother river" in Jiangxi.
Therefore, Jiangxi is called "Jiangxi" for short.
There are two opinions about the original meaning of "dry". 1, combine the words "Zhang" and "Gong" to name Ganjiang, where "Zhang" and "Gong" merged. Because the Ganjiang River has two sources:
Today, Zhangshui and Gongshui meet in Bajingtai, Ganzhou. After the merger, the name is "Gan", that is, the words "Zhang" and "Gong" are merged.
2. The original meaning of "doing" is "contribution" and "gift". Ancient handed down documents and unearthed documents obviously do not support the view that "Zhang and Gong" are combined as "Gan". Because the word "dry" came into being before the word "public".
Let's first look at the explanation of Shuowen:
The word "Gan" first appeared in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the beginning of the word "Gan" was changed from "Zhang" to "Zhang", and "Zhang" was the beginning of "Zhang".
So the word (Zhang Qi) looks like the shape of "one person offers jade Zhang with both hands":
For example, the bronze inscription "Fairy Turtle" in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty:
"Wang (Zhang) has three jade articles and twenty friends."
The king gave Xian three kinds of jade and twenty shellfish friends as sacrifices.
This kind of king's reward to his subordinates is very common in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The word (Zhang Xun) in Xian Gui clearly indicates that the superior (Zhou Wang) rewards the subordinate (minister).
Another example is the handed down literature:
However, judging from the intention of "Zhang Qiu (Jiangxi)", "one person gives jade with both hands" obviously refers to the "tribute" of subordinates to superiors:
Therefore, the word "Gan" in the documents unearthed in the pre-Qin period can also express the "tribute" of subordinates to superiors:
Such as "Baoshan Bamboo Slips 244": "Zhang Qiuyi calls three times each.
In fact, this phenomenon is very common in language and is called "antonym".
For example:
There is also a late word "Gong" in Zhangqiu (Jiangxi), which first appeared in seal script, and its original meaning is "contribution".
But it has gradually become a synonym for "positive and negative", which can also mean "giving".
The original meaning of "Gong" is just the opposite of "Zhangqiu (Jiangxi)", which means "the contribution of subordinates to superiors", such as:
But "tribute" is gradually generalized, which is actually a "top-down reward":
Therefore, the original meanings of "Gong" and "Zhang Qi (Jiangxi)" are different, one is "giving" and the other is "offering", but later they can be used interchangeably, and they are both positive words and negative words.
In addition, the pronunciations of "Gong" and "Zhang (Gan)" are similar, and sometimes they are mixed.
For example, Zi Gong, a disciple of Confucius, wrote Zi Gan when he was unearthed.
However, with the improvement of the accuracy of the recording language, the responsibilities of Gong and Zhang Yi (Jiangxi) are different:
In terms of the shape, the word (Zhang Jie) has a process of accumulation and error.
After the Warring States period, the word "Zhang Yi" was wrongly changed to "owe" or "double" and the meaning of "prepare" was added.
Later, the word "owe" was further misinformed as "ba", and the word "Er, Bei" in the lower part was misinformed as "gong", which played the role of phonetic notation.
The ancient and modern evolution of the word "Gan";
I'm a little dizzy here. Let me finally sum up: "Gan" first appeared in bronze inscriptions, and it was written as "Zhangqiu" in the first article, which originally meant "reward" and could also mean "contribution" by extension, belonging to the same word. Zhang Yi has a similar pronunciation and almost the same meaning. So it can be universal. Later, the symbol of "Bei" was added to "Zhang Yi", and the three parts of "Zhang Yi and Bei" gradually became four parts of "Zhang Yi, Er and Bei". Later, "Er, Bei" was wrongly changed to "Gong", which was called "misshapen pinyin" in philology. Therefore, the word "Gong" in the word "Gan" is an erroneous change of "Er" and "Bei", which expresses both sound and meaning and plays a role in rationalizing Chinese characters. It's not that "Zhang Gong" merged into "Gan". "Gan" and "Gong" were originally agreed words, but they gradually divided their work, each with its own specialty. "Gan" means "reward" and "Gong" means "contribution", so as to realize accurate recording of Chinese. Then, "Gan" means that the name of the river is false, and the word should be "Ba". At the beginning, "driving water" and "tribute water" may actually be the same thing. In order to distinguish the reach after Zhangshui and Gongshui, "Ganshui" is used to distinguish Gongshui. There is a Ganjiang River running through the north and south in Jiangxi, which is formed by the confluence of Zhangshui and Gongshui in Ganzhou. From Ganzhou to Nanchang, it flows northward into Poyang Lake at the northern end.
Because the word "Gan" consists of two characters, Zhang and Gong, Jiangxi is called "Gan" for short.
Jiangxi Province is called Gan for short, named after Ganjiang, the largest river in China, and its capital is Nanchang. Located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Chu, Qin Jiujiang County, Han Yangzhou, Tang Jiangnan West Road and Yuanjiang West Province. It now governs 1 1 prefecture-level cities, 25 municipal districts,1/county-level cities and 64 counties, covering an area of about 17000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the national territory. At present, the registered population has reached about 4,865,438+million.
Jiangxi administrative division map
Jiangxi topographic water system map
Ganjiang coast
Ganjiang River is the largest river running through the province, with a total length of 766/744km and a drainage area of about 82,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 50% of the province. It is the north-south waterway artery of Jiangxi!
"Gan" is a word written by Zhang, Gong and Ba. Chapter means chapter water; Gong instructed Gong to release water; Speaking of. Zhangshui and Gongshui got together in Ganzhou now, and merged into Ganjiang now. Ganjiang River is the mainstream of the two rivers, which is formed by the voice of "Gan". The Ganjiang River runs through the whole Jiangxi Province from south to north, flows into Poyang Lake and is connected with the Yangtze River. The water system is very developed.
Zhang is a word composed of sounds and ten characters. Sound is music, and music is music; Ten means the end of the number. The overall understanding of music ends in one chapter. The sound of "Zhang" means that the strings of an instrument are relaxed one by one like bowstrings. The original meaning of a chapter is the end of a piece of music.
Ba (until, until zhōng) is the beginning (freezing D ? ng) and the end (until winter cuts ZH ? ng) of winter. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions's point of view, it is the final figure of artificial reeling (the process of cocoon reeling), and the two drooping dots represent the last silkworm chrysalis after reeling; Jinwen added a round wheel tool for reeling and winding silk; Seal script began to be divided into two words: winter and tail. Add the word "Yao" to show the end; Add "cut" next to the ice in winter. The differentiated meaning continues the meaning of Ba. The significance of changing from official to official proves that this is the last state of reeling. The middle part of the cocoon represents soft silk, and the folded part represents a circle or arc. Here, it means that the extracted silk is wound on a round wheel, and the pressed part represents that the silk is extracted from the cocoon, so it is a reeling process. The "to" sound indicates the state in which silk reeling finally stops. Shuowen explains "from back to back", which also means to stop at the end. After word differentiation, it is generally used as radicals, such as Chu, Ge, Tiao, Bei, Fu, Xia, Mai, Lu and Luo. At two o'clock in winter, it changed from "cutting" to two horizontal "two" and was finally influenced by "Yi Xue". Two horizontal "two" is yin, which refers to the underworld, from the first two dead silkworm chrysalis to the ice "cutting" in winter, to the two horizontal "two" in the underworld, and finally to the "two" after modernization. Winter refers to the last coldest season of the year (winter), which is represented by the sound of "freezing".
The syncopation (zhiì+d?ng) that should arrive at (zhiì) winter (dng) means that the last stop state of reeling is over. Finally, it continues the original meaning of ba, which is the complexity of ba, so ba also reads the "final" sound.
The original meaning of winter is the last season of the year. It is extended to 1. It means that the time series has ended and entered the cold season, the fourth season of the four seasons, that is, 10 to1February in the lunar calendar); 2. The seasons from Mid-Autumn Festival to spring throughout the year are considered as 65438+February to March in astronomy and1October to1February in lunar calendar, such as warm winter and cool summer, winter brewing (winter brewing), winter temperature (a kind of fever caused by winter) and winter plan (winter livelihood); 3. The winter moon, commonly known as the November of the lunar calendar, is just like before and after the full moon (15th) in winter (November of the lunar calendar), such as' sparse plum blossoms outside the window and screen the moon shadow'. -Lin Qing Chueh-min's Book with His Wife; 4. Finally, pass the "end", such as "Don't start with my winter." -"Silk Book of Mawangdui Han Tomb"; 5. Winter and winter sound, describing the sound of knocking at the door or drumming, such as winter and winter (describing the sound of knocking at the door).
The original meaning of "final" is the final stop state of reeling. It is extended to 1. Last (Li m \u o), finished (Li m \u o), as opposed to "start", such as year-end, final (the last game), final judgment (the final judgment of the judicial department on the case), and the end point, "there is no beginning and there is an end (people always start, but rarely stick to it). 2. From beginning to end, like all the year round, I will eat all the time; 3. When people die, they are dying; 4. In the end, in the end, if in the end, in the end, in the end, in the end, in the end, you will succeed; 5. Last name.
Gong is a word composed of Gong's provincial "Gong" and the baby's "North". Bei said finance; Merit is credit, and as a reference, it is to pay the labor income to the government as land tax. "Work" is both phonetic and understandable. This is the name given to the field by the Xia Dynasty: a family of five, receiving 100 mu of land and 10 mu of official land. After receiving the goods, the official tax is 10%, which is called "Eleventh". Xia said tribute, Shang said help, and Zhou said comprehensiveness. Dedicate things to the last day. One analysis of the dialogue is that things are rewarded as tributes and fat sacrifices are offered to ancestors in the ancestral hall.
There are many super-large rivers in China, especially in southern provinces such as Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan.
Jiangxi is called Gan for short. Ganjiang River is the largest river in China. It flows into Poyang Lake in Wucheng, a famous bird-watching base in Poyang Lake, with a total length of 766km and a drainage area of 83,500 km. , accounting for 5 1.5% of Poyang Lake Basin, is one of the eight tributaries of the Yangtze River (the seventh in area and the fourth in water quantity), accounting for half of the area of Jiangxi Province.
Jiangxi is synonymous. According to Shan Hai Jing, the name Ganshui comes from the local tribe "Ganju", which is the same as that of Minjiang River from Fujian and Yue. Zhang Yu County is located in the Han Dynasty, and Ganshui is commonly known as Zhang Yushui. In the Tang Dynasty, the word Zhanggong was divided into left and right sources according to the word Yushui, so there were Zhangshui and Gongshui.
The junction of Zhangjiang and Gongjiang
The confluence of Zhangshui and Gongshui is called Jiangxi.