1. beginning of life is good in nature. The same nature Varies on nurture.
Explain that people are all good when they are born, but because of the different learning environment in the process of growing up, there is a difference between good and bad temperament.
2. If you don't teach, your sex will change. To teach well, You deeply dwell.
Explain that if you don't get a good education at an early age, your good nature will deteriorate. In order to keep people from becoming bad, the most important way is to educate children wholeheartedly.
3. In the past, Meng Mu chose its neighbors. At Mencius sloth, She cut th' cloth.
During the Warring States Period, Mencius' mother moved three times in order to give Mencius a good study environment. Once Mencius played truant, Meng Mu cut the cloth on the loom to teach his son.
4. Dou Yanshan has a righteous side. Teaching five sons is famous.
When explaining the Five Dynasties, Dou Yujun, a native of Yanshan, had a good way to educate his sons. All five sons he educated were very successful and became famous in the imperial examinations.
5. it's the father's fault to raise and not teach. What's a teacher? A strict preacher.
It is the father's fault to explain that it is only to provide food and clothing for his children, but not to have a good education. Just education, but not strict requirements is laziness as a teacher.
6. It is not appropriate for a child not to learn. If you are young and don't learn, why bother?
It is very wrong to explain that children refuse to study hard. If a person doesn't study hard when he is a child, what's the use if he doesn't know the truth of being a man and has no knowledge when he is old?
7. if you don't cut the jade, you will lose it. Unless you learn, Brute you'll turn.
Explain that jade will not become a beautiful object unless it is polished and carved; If people don't study, they don't know manners and can't be successful.
8, being a son, being young. Learn manners from teachers and friends
Explain that children should be close to teachers and friends from childhood, so that they can learn a lot of manners and knowledge in dealing with people.
9. Xiang is nine years old and can warm the mat. Filial piety is more important than kinship.
Explain that Huang Xiang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, knew how to honor his father and warm his bed when he was nine years old. This is what everyone who is filial to his parents should practice and follow.
1, three-character classics: melting four years old can make pears. A younger brother should be a prophet
Explain that when Kong Rong was four years old, he knew to give a big pear to his brother. Everyone should know the truth of respecting and loving his brother from an early age.
11. First filial piety, second knowledge. Know a certain number, know a certain article
Explain that the first thing a person should learn is the truth of respecting his parents and brothers, and then learn what he sees and hears. And to know basic arithmetic and advanced mathematics, as well as to know words and read literature.
12. Three-character classics: one is ten, and ten is a hundred.
Explain that China adopts decimal arithmetic: one to ten is the basic number, then ten tens is one hundred, ten hundred is one thousand, and ten thousand is ten thousand ... and it keeps changing.
13, three talents, heaven and earth. Three talents, the sun, the moon and the stars
Explain that you should also know some common sense of daily life, such as what is "three talents"? Three talents refer to heaven, earth and people. What is "three lights"? Three lights are the sun, the moon and the stars.
14, the three cardinal principles, monarch and minister. Father and son, husband and wife explain what "three cardinal guides" are
? Three cardinal guides are three codes of conduct that should be observed in the relationship between people, that is, the words and deeds of kings and courtiers should conform to justice, parents and children should love each other, and husband and wife should get along well.
15, spring and summer, autumn and winter. The four seasons are endless
Explain that let's take a look at the surrounding environment. Spring, summer, autumn and winter are called four seasons. These four seasons are constantly changing, from spring to summer, from autumn to winter, and so on, and never stop. 16. Three-character classics: North and South, West and East. According to the explanation of
in China, the four directions are east, south, west and north, which are called "four directions" and refer to the positions in all directions. These four directions must have a central position corresponding to each other in order to determine each direction.
16, fire and water, wood, gold and earth. The five elements are based on the number
. As for the "five elements", they are gold, wood, water, fire and earth. This is an abstract concept used by China in ancient times to refer to all kinds of things in the universe, which is based on the five numbers of one, two, three, four and five and their combination changes.
17, ten dry, A to decyl. Twelve branches, Zi Zhihai
explains that "ten branches" refer to A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, also known as "Tiangan"; "Twelve Branches" refers to Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai, also known as "Earthly Branches", which is a sign of keeping time in ancient times.
18, the ecliptic, the sun shines. The equator, the middle right
explains that the earth revolves around the sun, and the sun revolves around the center of the galaxy. The orbit of the sun is called the ecliptic, and there is an imaginary big circle perpendicular to the earth axis in the center of the earth, which is the equator.
19. Under the equator, it is extremely warm. I'm Chinese, in the northeast
It is explained that in the equatorial region, the temperature is the highest and the climate is particularly hot. From the equator to the north and south, the temperature gradually becomes lower. Our country is located in the northeast of the earth.
2. The river is called Huai Ji. The four transgressions and the age of water
explain that China is a country with vast territory and abundant resources. The Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Jishui River directly flow into the sea. These four great rivers are the representatives of Chinese rivers.
21, Dai Hua, Hao Hengheng. The five mountains, the name of the mountain
Explain that the five famous mountains in China are called "Five Mountains", namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Mount Huashan in Xiyue, Mount Songshan in Zhongyue, Mount Hengshan in Nanyue and Mount Hengshan in Beiyue. These five mountains are the representatives of the mountains in China.
22. Scholar farmers are called industry and commerce. The four people and the good country
explain that China is the most populous country in the world. Intellectuals, peasants, workers and businessmen are indispensable pillars of the country, and they are called the four people, which is an important part of society.
23. Say benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The five permanent principles, which can't be disturbed
explain that if all people can take the five unchangeable laws of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness as the standards of doing things and being a man, the society will always be peaceful, so everyone should abide by them and not neglect them.
24, the ground is born with vegetation. This plant is found all over the land.
Besides human beings, there are flowers and trees on the earth, which belong to plants and are found everywhere on land and in water.
25. There are insects, fish, birds and animals. This animal can fly away.
Explain that insects, fish, birds and beasts belong to animals. Some of these animals can fly in the sky, some can walk on land and some can swim in water.
26. Rice, millet and millet. These six valleys are eaten by people.
Explain that some staple foods in human life come from plants, such as rice, wheat, beans, corn and sorghum, which are important foods in our daily life.
27. horses, cattle, sheep and dogs. These six animals are fed by people.
Explain that there are horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs and pigs among animals, which are called six animals. These animals are as wild as Liugu. Later, after being gradually domesticated by people, it became a necessity of human daily life.
28. It's called anger and sorrow. Love evil desires, seven emotions.
Explain that happiness is called joy, anger is called sorrow, fear is called fear, love is called love in my heart, and evil is called hate, and lust is called lust in my heart. Together, it is called seven emotions. These are seven kinds of feelings that people are born with.
29, cyan, red and yellow, and black and white. These five colors are recognized by the eyes.
Explain cyan, yellow, red, black and white, which are five traditional colors in ancient China and can be recognized by people's naked eyes.
3, bitter and sweet, and pungent and salty. These five flavors are contained in the mouth.
Explain that among the foods we usually eat, there are five flavors that can be distinguished by our mouths: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty.
31. The smell of smell and smell is burnt. These five odors are smelled by the nose.
Explain that our noses can smell things. There are five main smells, namely, mutton smell, burnt smell, fragrance, fishy smell and rotten smell.
32. Earth leather, wood, stone and gold. Silk and bamboo are eight tones.
Explain that ancient Chinese people divided the materials used to make musical instruments into eight kinds, namely, melons, clay, leather, wood blocks, stones, metals, silk threads and bamboo, which are called "eight tones".
33. When it comes to peace, it means going in. These four tones should be coordinated.
Explain that our ancestors divided the tones of voice into four categories: flat, rising, falling and entering. The use of the four tones must be harmonious, which can make people feel comfortable.
34, great-great-grandfather, father died. Body and son, son and grandson.
Explain that great-grandfather gives birth to great-grandfather, great-grandfather gives birth to grandfather, grandfather gives birth to father, father gives birth to myself, I give birth to son, and son gives birth to grandson.
35. From descendants to Xuanzeng. It is a family of nine, and it is a human relationship.
Explain that his son and grandson are the great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren. From great-grandfather to great-grandson, they are called "Nine Families". These "nine clans" represent the succession relationship between the pecking order and family lineage.
36, father and son, the couple from. A brother is a friend, and a brother is respectful.
Explain that fathers and sons should pay attention to mutual kindness, the feelings between husband and wife should be smooth, the elder brother should be friendly to the younger brother, and the younger brother should respect the elder brother.
37, the order of seniority, friends and friends. The monarch is respectful and the minister is loyal.
To explain the communication between the old and the young, we should pay attention to the order of seniority; Friends should keep faith with each other. If the monarch can respect his officials, the officials will be loyal to him.
38. The ten meanings are shared by all people. When you are a teacher, don't violate it.
Explain the ten meanings mentioned above: father's kindness, son's filial piety, husband's harmony, wife's obedience, brother's friendship, brother's respect, friend's faith, friendship, respect for the monarch and loyalty to the minister, which should be observed by everyone and must not be violated.
39, zicui, big or small. To get rid of hemp, five clothes will end.
Explain the five kinds of mourning clothes worn by different people in ancient China when they died.
4. Rites and music shoot, and the number of imperial books. The ancient six arts are not available today.
Explaining etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic are six skills that ancient scholars must learn, and no one can have them at the same time.
41, only calligraphy, people follow * * *. Be literate, speak and speak.
Explain that among the six arts, only calligraphy is still respected by everyone. When a person knows Chinese characters, he can study Shuo Wen Jie Zi, which is helpful for studying profound knowledge.
42. There are ancient prose, big seal script. Following the grass, you can't mess up.
Explain that the development of Chinese characters has experienced ancient prose, big seal script, small seal script, official script and cursive script, which must be recognized clearly and not confused.
43. If you learn extensively, you are afraid of its complexity. But in a nutshell, you can know the original.
Explain that if you want to learn knowledge extensively, it's really not easy and you can't start, but if you can do general research, you can still learn many basic truths.
44. You should pay attention to what you are taught. Detailed exegesis, clear sentence reading.
Explain that any teacher who teaches children who have just entered school must make every word clear, explain every sentence clearly, and make the children know how to break sentences when reading.
45, as a scholar, there must be a beginning. At the end of primary school, to four books.
Explain that as a scholar, you can only read the "Four Books" after you have laid a solid foundation at the beginning of your studies and thoroughly learned the knowledge of primary schools.
46, the Analects of Confucius, 2 articles. Group of disciples, remember good words.
There are twenty articles explaining the Analects of Confucius. It is the disciples of Confucius, and the disciples of his disciples. The recorded remarks about Confucius are a book.
47, Mencius, seven articles only. Morality, benevolence and righteousness.
Explain that Mencius was written by Meng Ke, and it is divided into seven chapters. The content is also about moral cultivation, carrying forward moral benevolence and other fine virtues.
48. Being moderate is Kong Ji. It is not easy to be impartial.
The book The Doctrine of the Mean is interpreted by Kong Ji, in which "mean" is unbiased and "mean" is unchangeable.
49. Being a university is Ceng Zi. Self-cultivation and self-cultivation.
The book "University" was interpreted by Zeng Shen, who put forward the idea of "self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world".
5. I am familiar with Chinese books and have a good knowledge of filial piety. Such as six classics, can only be read.
Explain that you can read such profound books as Six Classics only after you have read the Four Classics and understood the truth of filial piety.
51. Poetry and calligraphy are easy, and the ceremony is spring and autumn. No.6 classics, when stress.
Explain that the Book of Songs, the Book of Changes, the Book of Rites and the Spring and Autumn Annals, together with Yue, are called the Six Classics, which are important classics of ancient Confucianism in China and should be read carefully.
52. There are mountains, and there are those who return to Tibet. There are Zhouyi, three easy details.
Explain that Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi are three books in ancient China, which are collectively called "Three Changes", which are books that explain the circular changes of everything in the universe in the form of hexagrams.
53. There are canons and instructions. There is an oath, and the book is the Austria.
Explaining the contents of The Book of Classics is divided into six parts: the first canon is the basic principle of founding a country; Second, the plan of governing the country; Three training, that is, the attitude of the minister; Four letters patent, that is, the announcement of the monarch; Five oaths, arise and declare; Six lives, the order of the monarch.
54. I, Duke Zhou, make a ceremony. Write six officials, save the body.
Explain that Duke Zhou wrote Zhou Li, which recorded the official system of the six palaces and the composition of the country at that time.
55, big and small, note the book of rites. Tell the holy words, be prepared with ceremony and music.
Explain that Dade and Dai Sheng collated and annotated The Book of Rites, and narrated and expounded the works of sages, which made future generations know the laws and regulations of the previous generation and the situation of rites and music.
56. Say national wind and praise elegance. No.4 poems should be satirized.
Explaining "National Style", "Elegance", "Xiaoya" and "Ode" are all called four poems. They are poems with rich contents and deep feelings, which are really worth reciting.
57. Poetry was written in the Spring and Autumn Period. Combine praise with criticism, not good and evil.
Explain that later, due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs was left out in the cold, so Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, which implied the criticism of real politics and the debate of good and evil behaviors in various countries.
58. The third passer has a ram. There are Zuo's and Gu Liang.
Explaining the Three Biographies is the Biography of the Ram written by Yang Gao, the Biography of Zuo written by Zuo Qiuming and the Biography of Gu Liangchi, all of which are books explaining the Spring and Autumn Annals.
59. Only when you are clear about it can you read it. Summarize its essentials and remember its events.
explain that you have read all the classics and then read the sub-book. Sub-books are complicated, so you must choose the more important ones to read, and remember the cause and effect of everything.
6, five sons, Xun Yang. Wenzhongzi, and Laozi and Zhuangzi.
Explain that the five sons refer to Xunzi, Yangzi, Wenzhong, Laozi and Zhuangzi. The books they write are called sub-books.
61, Jing Zitong, read the history. Examination of lineage, knowing the end.
After explaining the classics and sub-books, when reading history books and history books, we must study the lineage of each dynasty and generation and understand the reasons for their ups and downs, so as to learn lessons from history.
62. From Xinong to Huangdi. No. san huang, ranking first in the world.
Explain that from Fu Xishi, Shennong to Huangdi, these three emperors in ancient times were diligent and loved their people, and they were very great, so later generations respectfully called them "san huang".
63. Tang Youyu was named the Second Emperor. It's a prosperous time to admire each other.
After explaining the Yellow Emperor, there were two emperors, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Yao thought his son was corrupt, and passed on the throne to Shun, who had both talent and morality. Under the rule of the two emperors, the world was at peace and everyone praised him.
64. Xia Youyu, Shang Youtang. Zhou Wenwu, known as the Three Kings.
Explain that Yu was the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty, Tang was the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty.