Mount Tai has a long humanistic history and rich cultural heritage. From the Paleolithic
age 40,000 to 50,000 to 50,000 years ago to the Neolithic, traces of human activities have appeared in the areas around Mount Tai. These ancient cultural remains that have been scientifically identified through archaeological excavations indicate that the Mount Tai area is the home of the Chinese nation. An important birthplace of long-standing civilization, Mount Tai is revered as the sacred mountain of China. About 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, people began to worship Mount Tai. The most representative Chinese people's mountain worship is the worship of Mount Tai. According to ancient documents, seventy-two kings visited Mount Tai in the pre-Qin period to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. The first emperor of Qin, the second emperor of Qin, and Emperor Wu of Han also came here to hold Zen ceremonies. From the Tang and Song dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, the status of Mount Tai rose to an unprecedented level. This kind of Zen worship activity has lasted for thousands of years in Mount Tai and throughout the entire Chinese feudal society. With the popularity of the Five Elements theory, Mount Tai was named Dongyue and revered as the first of the five mountains. Mount Tai has attracted a large number of literati from all dynasties, leaving behind many immortal masterpieces and calligraphy treasures. Taoist figures have been active in the Taishan area as early as the Han and Wei dynasties. In the four dynasties of Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing, Taoism developed significantly in Mount Tai and gradually moved towards glory. In the middle of the 4th century AD, Buddhism was introduced to Mount Tai. In 351 AD, someone built a temple on Mount Tai. Someone in the Northern Qi Dynasty carved the stone sutra "Diamond Sutra" in Jingshi Valley.
Mount Tai is one of the birthplaces of ancient culture in the Yellow River Basin. The Dafengkou Culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and the Longshan Cultural Relics at the northern foot are evidence of this. Even earlier, there are fossil remains of Xintai Man from 50,000 years ago and fossil remains of Yiyuan Man from 400,000 years ago. During the Warring States Period, a 500-kilometer-long Great Wall was built along the Taishan Mountains to the Yellow Sea, and the ruins still exist today. The scenic spots in Mount Tai related to Confucius' activities include Confucius's Dengchufang, Wangwu Shengjifang, Confucius Xiaotianxia, ??Confucius Temple, Zhanlu Terrace, Menghugou, etc. Mount Tai, the sacred mountain and cultural treasure house, is known as "the first of the five mountains" and "the most respected of the five mountains". It was a symbol of the regime and became a sacred mountain. When ancient emperors came to the throne, they often came to Mount Tai to hold Zen ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. In view of the emperor's Zen activities and the majestic and magnificent scenery, cultural celebrities from all dynasties came to Mount Tai to write poems and poems, leaving behind countless poems and engraved stones. Poems such as Confucius's "Qiuling Song", Sima Qian's "Book of Fengchan", Cao Zhi's "Flying Dragon", Li Bai's "Taishan Ode", Du Fu's "Wang Yue" and other poems have become famous works handed down from generation to generation in China; Tiankuang Temple The Song Dynasty murals and the Song Dynasty painted Arhat statues in Lingyan Temple are rare treasures; the stone carvings and tablets of Mount Tai are the culmination of Chinese calligraphy art, including real cursives, official seals, and seal scripts. Yan, Liu, Ou, and Zhao schools have been completed, which is a masterpiece of Chinese calligraphy in the past dynasties. and an museum of stone carving art. Mount Tai is extremely rich in cultural heritage, with 97 existing ancient ruins and 22 ancient building complexes, providing physical information for the study of ancient Chinese architectural history. As early as the end of the 19th century, it has attracted the attention of geologists at home and abroad. J. Bergeren (189
9), H. Monko (1903), C. Airaghi (1902) and others have described its Cambrian Some trilobite fossils in the formation. In 1903, American geologists B. Willis and E. Blackweider measured profiles in Zhangxia, Gushan and other places, collected fossils, and made preliminary divisions of strata. His research results were officially published in 1907, and the Cambrian strata in Zhangxia and Gushan areas were divided from bottom to top into Mantou shale, Zhangxia limestone, Gushan shale, and Chaomidian limestone. American paleontologists Piccolo (1913), Japanese Ryuji Endo (1939), and Shinichi Kobayashi (1941, 1942, 1955) all successively studied the Cambrian strata in Zhangxia and Gushan areas. Paleontological Fossils. Professor Sun Yunzhu, a famous Chinese geologist, has been studying the Cambrian system in Zhangxia and Gushan for more than 20 years since 1923, and has divided the Cambrian strata.
In 1953, two professors, Lu Yanhao and Dong Nanting, re-observed the Cambrian section in the Zhangxia and Gushan areas. The most important thing was to classify the Cambrian section defined by B. Willis and E. Blackwelder. The Mantou Shale is further divided into the Mantou Formation, Maozhuang Formation, and Xuzhuang Formation from bottom to top, and the first two groups are placed in the Lower Cambrian, and the latter group is classified into the Middle Cambrian, and the Chaomidian Limestone It is further divided into the Fengshan Formation and the Changshan Formation, and the Cambrian in the Zhangxia and Gushan areas is identified as 7 stratigraphic units and 17 trilobite fossil zones. In 1959, the Zhangxia Cambrian stratigraphic section located on the north side of Mount Tai was officially designated as the North China Cambrian standard section at the National Stratigraphy Conference. From 1958 to 1961, the Beijing Institute of Geology conducted a 1:200,000 regional survey in the Taishan area and named the Taishan metamorphic rocks the Archean Taishan Group, which was divided from bottom to top into the Wanshanzhuang, Yanlingguan, Shancaoyu Formation, etc.
From 1960 to 1962, the 805 team of Shandong Geological Bureau carried out 23 1:50,000 regional joint surveys, including the Tai'an south plot. From 1963 to 1965, Team 805 of the Shandong Geological Bureau conducted a 1:50,000 area survey in Tai'an, and the Taishan metamorphic rocks were called the Taishan Complex, and were divided into five areas: Wangfushan, Zhijiazhuang, Tangjiazhuang, Yujiazhuang, and Fengjiayu. Rock group. At the same time, Cheng Yuqi and others from the Academy of Geological Sciences, Zheng Liangzhi, Zhang Chengji and others from the 805 Team of the Shandong Geological Bureau conducted special research on metamorphic rocks, established the Yanlingguan and Shancaoyu Formation sequences, restored the original rocks, and conducted petrological research on metamorphic rocks.
After 1978, the geological research work on Mount Tai entered a stage of in-depth development focusing on special research. The protection, management, development and construction of Mount Tai have been greatly strengthened, and the appearance of Mount Tai has undergone tremendous changes. In 1980, researcher Ying Sihuai conducted a special study on Taishan metamorphic rocks and published a monograph "Taishan Complex". From 1981 to 1984, Professor Lu Pengju of Shandong Mining Institute conducted a special study on the formation of Mount Tai and published the article "The Formation and Age of Mount Tai".
From 1982 to 1985, Zheng Liangzhi, Wang Shijin and others from the Shandong District Team conducted a special study on the Taishan Group in Western Shandong and established the Liuhang Formation, which was placed above the Yanlingguan Formation and Shancaoyu Formation. From 1982 to 1987, Ma Yunshun, Zhai Yingchuan and others from the First Geological Team of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources conducted a special study on the mineralization of the Archean greenstone belt in western Shandong. From 1982 to 1984, Zhao Shiying and others conducted special research on the "barrel-shaped structure" of Hongmen and published the paper "Discussion on the Origin of the "Barrel-shaped Structure" of Hongmen in Mount Tai". From 1982 to 1985, Master Zhu Zhenhua of the Academy of Geosciences filled in the 1:25,000 geological map of Mount Taishan Piedmont, completed his master's thesis, and published the paper "Phochemical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Archean Magmatic Complex in Mount Tai". From 1983 to 1986, Jiang Boming et al. of the University of Rennes in France, Shen Qihan et al. of the Academy of Geosciences, and Dong Yijie of the Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources conducted a special study on the evolution of the Archean crust in China. They believed that most of the Taishan Complex is metamorphic intrusive rock (gray gneiss). rock), called Wangfushan gneiss, and a large amount of geochemical and isotopic age data were obtained. From 1986 to 1987, Xie Ninggao of Peking University conducted a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of the resources of Mount Tai Scenic Area and research on their protection and utilization.
From 1986 to 1990, Wang Shijin of the Shandong District Division and others carried out 1:200,000 Tai'an and Xintai frame repair and testing. During the same period, Xu Huifen of the Academy of Geological Sciences, Dong Yijie of the Shandong Geological Team, and others conducted special research on the Archean greenstone belt in western Shandong and the Archean strata in western Shandong, and systematically summarized the distribution, sequence, and metamorphic characteristics of the Taishan rock group. , and publish monographs. In 1987, UNESCO listed Mount Tai as a world natural and cultural heritage. The status and influence of Mount Tai underwent historic changes. From 1989 to 1990, Professor Lu Pengju of Shandong Mining University and others conducted a special study on the gravity slip structure around Mount Tai, and published the paper "Discovery of Sliding Structures on the Unconformity Surface of Archaean and Paleozoic around Mount Tai". In 1990, Dong Yijie and others from the First Geological Brigade of the Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published the paper "Geochemical Characteristics of the Archean Complex in the Taishan Area". From 1990 to 1993, Cao Guoquan and others from Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published the monograph "Early Cambrian Geology of Western Shandong".
From 1993 to 1996, the Institute of Geology of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and the Shandong First Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute conducted a 1:50,000 regional geological survey of Tai'an City. From 1994 to 1995, Professor Lu Pengju conducted special research on the neotectonic movement of Mount Tai, published the paper "Neotectonics and the Formation and Landforms of Mount Tai today", summarized the geology and landforms of Mount Tai, and wrote the "Encyclopedia of Mount Tai". articles. In 1995, Zhuang Yuxun of the Academy of Geological Sciences and others, and Zhang Fuzhong of the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published a paper on the new progress in the study of the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in the Taishan area. In 1997, Zhuang Yuxun and others from the Academy of Geosciences, and Ren Zhikang and others from the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published a paper "Major Geological Events and Crustal Evolution of the Early Cambrian in the Taishan Area" in Acta Petrologica Sinica. In 1998, Lu Fatang and others from the Geological Survey Research Institute of Shandong Geological Exploration Bureau published the paper "Geological Characteristics and Rare Earth Geochemical Evolution of Late Archean "Framework Intrusive Rocks" in the Taishan Area" based on their research results.
In 1999, Wang Xinshe of the Academy of Geological Sciences and others, and Ren Zhikang of the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and others published the paper "The Significance of Late Archean Ductile Shear in the Evolution of Continental Crust in the Taishan Area". In 2000, Zhang Mingli and others from the Institute of Geomechanics of the Academy of Geosciences published the paper "Cenozoic Tectonic Movements and the Formation of Mount Tai."
In 2002-2003, Professor Lu Pengju of Shandong University of Science and Technology, and Niu Jian of the Taishan Scenic Area Management Committee and others conducted special research on the geological and landform characteristics and geological value evaluation of Mount Tai, and published "The Geoscientific Value of Mount Tai and Its Geoscience Value" Meaning" thesis. In September 2004, China University of Geosciences conducted a two-week research investigation on the construction conditions, geological heritage and resource conditions of the proposed China Taishan Global Geopark. It continues to increase at a rate of 0.5 mm per year. It faces the magnificent sea to the east and the long-running Yellow River to the west. It towers over the land of Qilu and has been the political, economic and cultural center of the East for thousands of years. Mount Tai has profound cultural connotations. Its ancient buildings are mainly in the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, integrating architecture, painting, sculpture, rocks, and trees. It is a great and solemn symbol of Eastern civilization. For thousands of years, Mount Tai has become the sacred mountain where emperors of all dynasties worshiped the gods. As the emperors consecrated Mount Tai, Mount Tai was deified, so it also enjoys the title of "the longest of the five mountains". Scholars and celebrities from both Buddhism and Taoism came here one after another, leaving many places of interest in Mount Tai and Tai'an. Taoism calls the Second Small Cave Heaven, and the god of it is the King of Heavenly Qi. The natural landscape of Mount Tai is majestic and tall. It has thousands of years of penetration and rendering of spiritual culture and the contrast of the human landscape, so it is called the "First of the Five Mountains". It is the epitome of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation, and now it has become a precious heritage in the world.