The pictographic dictionary network is a simplified version, and the prefixes are all presented in a simplified form; Traditional Chinese characters appear at the end of the "Font Evolution" table, juxtaposed with "Simplified Song Style" to compare the font differences between traditional Chinese characters and Simplified Song Style.
2. Prefix picture
Some pictures come from the internet, aiming at visualizing the original meaning of word-making. At present, only the word "patriarch" is accompanied by an explanatory diagram, and most other prefixes are still lacking.
3. Pinyin and standard pronunciation
At present, only the pronunciation reflecting the original meaning of the prefix (that is, "local pronunciation") is displayed on multi-tone web pages, and the pronunciation of the extended meaning of the prefix (that is, "sound change") is hidden in "more pronunciations". If "Chao" is used, the page only displays the original pronunciation of "Chao" (the morning when the moon sets and the sun rises). Click "More Pronunciation", and the inflected "cháo" reflecting the extension of the word "Chao" will pop up. In the two modules of "Extended Clues" and "Classified Vocabulary", different pronunciations are also displayed at the end of the sense to clarify the relationship between pronunciations and senses. The pictographic dictionary avoids the situation that polyphonic words are divided and scattered on different pages of the dictionary because of different pronunciations, so that users can have a smooth experience when looking up.
4. Word-making method
Indicates the word formation method to which the current prefix belongs. Word formation includes: pictographic characters (simple pictographic characters), demonstrative characters (pictographic characters with abstract symbols-usually simple words), semantic characters (combined words composed of two or more pictographic characters) and pictophonetic characters (combined words composed of pictographic characters and simple phonetic characters). This website always classifies words like "meaningful with sound" as "meaningful". In the concept of word formation, this site uses "know" instead of "know".
In the column of "Word-making Method", the relevant conditions of using Chinese characters are also marked, such as "general", "borrowing", "transferring notes" and "merging" (for example, "county" and "hanging" are general; "Valley" is capitalized as "Yi"; "Enjoy" and turn it into "constant"; "Ugliness" and "Ugliness" merge).
5. Reference words
This section links related words of the current word. When clicking "Homologous Characters", the current page will be replaced by a new page; Click "Reference Word" to pop up a new page, where you can compare and reference the current word with "Relatives Word".
6. The position of the current word in the dictionary structure
Click on "a department", "an article" and "a family" where the current word is located to enter the corresponding position of "partial search".
7. cognate words
Displays the same word series as the current word, which is displayed in yellow. When you click "reference word", a new page will pop up; When you click "Homologous Characters", the current page will be replaced with a new page.
8. Browse the dictionary online
Click "Previous Page" or "Next Page" continuously to browse a family, an article and a department of the dictionary word by word in order or reverse order until the first or last page of the dictionary. Generally, the form of character evolution is divided into three lines and eight columns, and each column of three lines is the source, corresponding font data and font data of a certain font in the evolution history of Chinese characters. For prefixes with simplification, the form evolution table is divided into nine columns, and the ninth column simply explains the way that the Chinese character simplification scheme simplifies the current characters. The following specific instructions:
1, there are eight classic fonts in the history of Chinese characters: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, epigraphy, seal script, official script, regular script, running script, cursive script and Song style, so the pictographic dictionary can be used as a calligraphy dictionary in a sense.
2. In order to better explain the evolution of glyphs, some glyphs evolution tables contain multiple glyphs of the same font; Some words in some prefixes reflect the lack of corresponding font data and are marked as "missing" in the evolution. A few font materials are not seal script or inscriptions on bronze (such as Wu Dayou's Curse of Chu, Three-body Stone Classic, Chu Silk Book, Hou Shu, Xinyang Bamboo Slips of Chu, Palace Painting, Epitaph and inscriptions on bronze). ), because their fonts reflect the font style of bronze inscriptions (different from the stable structure and mature fonts of seal script), they are also included in the scope of "bronze inscriptions" in the evolution table for convenience of explanation.
3. In order to better explain the evolution of glyphs, in the case of limited information on glyphs, sometimes the column of official script in the table of "Evolution of Glyphs" will barely include the official script glyphs written by calligraphers after the Tang and Song Dynasties; However, the regular script included in the column of regular script is the font of regular script in Tang and Song Dynasties, that is, on the background of "official script first, official script later", we insist on the evolution analysis of Chinese characters. This problem also exists when discussing the influence of cursive script (Tang Dynasty cursive script or pre-Tang Dynasty cursive script) on ordinary regular script (abbreviated) in Tang Dynasty. Sometimes the cursive script as an example is not the cursive script before the Tang Dynasty, but the calligrapher of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties or modern times. This kind of glyph data is wrong in the times and may confuse rigorous users. This site deeply regrets this!
4. The font materials of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen, Wen Zhuan and Lishu mainly come from 1985 Three-volume Chinese Dictionary published by Hubei Dictionary Publishing House and Sichuan Dictionary Publishing House and etymology. Regular script, running script and cursive script, the font information of these three fonts mainly comes from China Calligraphy Dictionary published by Hongkong Chinese and foreign publishing houses and online calligraphy dictionaries (such as Calligraphy Dictionary and Chinese Dictionary published by China Museum). All fonts are processed by hand with drawing software, and the fonts are slightly distorted.
5. "Simplification scheme" means the ways that Chinese character simplification schemes usually follow when simplifying traditional Chinese characters: analogy simplification, merging simplification, word deletion, cursive simplification, creating another meaningful word, etc. Such as "electricity", the simplified method is to delete the word "rain" in the traditional Chinese character "electricity"
The following is the "glyph evolution" table of local "electricity":
6. The sources of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions are pointed out according to the data in the Chinese Dictionary. When encountering unusual characters other than common fonts, the word "taste" means that the font "taste" is a font that does not exist in the computer, such as "Black Elding". If the source is unknown, it shall be marked as "temporary shortage". In some evolution tables, due to the limitation of editing space, the number of China, the source of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, was written into Arabic numerals. For example, a certain Oracle Bone Inscriptions provenance of Xiang is written as "former 3.3 1" in the evolution table.
7. In the merged glyph evolution table, the sources of two groups of glyphs are omitted to highlight the contrast between the two groups of glyphs. For example, in the evolution table of "Hou", the glyph of "Hou" and its combination word "Hou" are juxtaposed. In order to make the evolution table concise, the origins of "Hou" and "Hou" are omitted together.
The following is a table of the local "glyph evolution" in Hou: the characteristics of glyphs are decomposed in the form of pictures, and the original intention of the ancients to "draw characters" in pictographic way in the era of word-making, as well as the characteristics of glyph evolution over thousands of years. Most of the ideas in the Interpretation of Word-making come from this website, which was originally created for Pictographic Dictionary.
In traditional Chinese character science, most Chinese characters are interpreted as "pictophonetic characters", while in pictographic dictionary system, most Chinese characters are interpreted as "semantic characters". When expressing word formation, the expression of this site is "knowing meaning", not "knowing" expressed by traditional Chinese characters tools.
"Word-making Interpretation" explains some Chinese characters with additional contrast (marked with red asterisk *), including the following four categories:
The first category, commonly used "consanguineous words", such as "spring", "original" and "source"; "Ke", "Ge" and "Song";
"Dao", "Dao" and "Xia"; "Mo", "Le", "Self", "Si" and "Zi" ...
The second category refers to words with similar meanings but different meanings, such as "Chong", "Bian", "Chu" and "Ge". ...
The third category is "reflection characters" with opposite glyphs, such as "four" and "Hou", "Ke" and "One". ...
The fourth category includes such words as husband and wife, such as Yan Huang Huaxia, Chaos, Luxury, Hunger, Learning, Honesty, Ding Mao, Unfamiliar and Soul.
"Word-making and interpretation" is the academic focus and difficulty of Pictograph Dictionary, and it is also the core value of Pictograph Dictionary. Contrastive interpretation is the essence of coinage interpretation (see "Huang" *), which is helpful for users to accurately understand, organically relate and remember from "special relationship".
The "word formation explanation" of each word is accompanied by the classic explanation of Shuowen Jiezi for users to compare and learn; At the same time, in order to facilitate some users who are not familiar with classical Chinese to read Shuowen Jiezi, this website is attached with a vernacular version of Shuowen Jiezi for users to compare with the classical Chinese version. Such as "day":
Classical Chinese version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Japanese, practical. The essence of the sun will not be lost. Starting from 2 1. Hieroglyphics. Every day belongs to the sun.
Vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Day, full of vitality. The essence of the sun will never be exhausted, and the light will always shine. The glyph consists of "Xi" and "One". Hieroglyphics. All Japanese-related words use "Japanese character edge". Pictograph dictionaries spend a lot of time rearranging the meanings of Chinese characters according to strict logic, presenting the context of each meaning in a flat way, revealing the extended rules and clear clues.
1, in order to make the clues of meaning extension clear, the dictionary retains the original meaning only found in ancient Chinese, such as "prayer".
2. In order to clarify the clues of word meaning extension, the dictionary lists the "logical original meaning" which is not supported by ancient Chinese examples at present, and indicates that "the original meaning disappears". Every Chinese character is a notional word in its word-making era, but a small number of Chinese characters only retain the meaning of function words derived from the meaning of notional words in the long process of language circulation, and it is impossible to find ancient Chinese examples of its original meaning. In this case, this dictionary tries to "logically restore" the original meanings of these Chinese characters according to the meaning clues displayed by the glyphs, and lists the "logical original meanings" of these words, such as "Xi".
3. The "merging simplification method" in the Chinese character simplification scheme is to merge the meanings of two or three or four Chinese characters into the same Chinese character. In order to avoid confusion of meanings, this dictionary uses "merge" to distinguish other meanings of the current word merge; Connect the merged meaning with the original meaning of the current word, such as "no".
4. The common ways of extension in Extended Clues are: part-of-speech extension, extension, metaphor extension, metonymy extension, progressive extension, narrow extension, space-time extension (extending the concept of space into the concept of time) and so on.
5. Two words or an idiom are listed under the semantic box of "extended clue" as an example of meaning. The purpose of "classified vocabulary" is to help users better understand the meaning of words and expand vocabulary quickly, which is an extended function of pictographic dictionaries. Therefore, as far as possible, list examples of words with each meaning, including words prefixed with the current word (such as "Jin" in the "Jin" page) and words suffixed with the current word (such as "Jin" in the "Jin" page), and separate the two groups of words with "/".
Parts of speech and words with similar meanings are grouped together, and there is a clear distance between groups, which is convenient for browsing. The order of phrases is: first two-syllable words, then repeated syllable words, then four-syllable idioms or proverbs with more than four syllables; Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, auxiliary words and other function words. Phrases with the same syllables are arranged in pinyin order of the first word in each group. The website fails to give satisfactory explanations for the glyphs of a few Chinese characters, such as "bu", "Shang", "Song" and "Li", while the explanations for the original meanings of other Chinese characters are more or less problematic in terms of historical rationality and academic accuracy. As a brand-new dictionary, Pictographic Dictionary inevitably has many problems and needs to be improved and perfected.