"Pen" is an addition to the original records of Spring and Autumn Annals, while "Cut" is a deletion of the original records of Spring and Autumn Annals.
The so-called "Spring and Autumn brushwork" is also called "micro-expressing righteousness". Every word it uses must contain praise and criticism. Later, because of its twists and turns, it was called "Spring and Autumn brushwork".
When Confucius was a shepherd, if he had something to discuss with others, he wouldn't decide for himself. As for Chunqiu, what should be written should be deleted. Even Xia Zi, a high-legged disciple, couldn't say a word. Confucius said, "Later generations knew me in this spring and autumn period, and blamed me in this spring and autumn period.".
Extended data
Chunqiu brushwork is from Chunqiu, which is said to have been written by Confucius. When Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, he implied praise and criticism when describing history. Although he didn't directly explain his views on people and things, he tactfully expressed his views by means of detail description, rhetoric and material selection.
Starting from the ethics at that time, he took naming and grading as the criteria for judging people and things. "Praise and disparagement, punishment and persuasion have their own meanings", and sometimes the word implies praise and disparagement, thus forming the so-called "Spring and Autumn brushwork".
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