Both the upper and lower couplets are from Qin Ge written by Ruan Yu, a poet in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Brief introduction of the author
(about165-212) Chen Wei's family in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Shao Shi is from Cai Yong. During the Jian 'an period of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao believed that the Air Force was responsible for drinking and recording. Good literature, you Zhang Shan, secretary of the table, is one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. Cao Yu is a genus. Later generations compiled Ruan Ji.
original text
Qin Ge
Wei Jin Ruan Yu
Background story
Belong to "Liu Chen Ruan", Ruan family is a gentry, "clean and upright family style". Although not prominent, it also belonged to a family that people respected at that time.
Ruan Yu was very charming when he was young, and he was quickly appreciated by the famous Cai Yong. Cai Yong is also a native of Chenliu, Henan, and a native of Ruan Yu. When Cai Yong met Ruan Yu Jr., he couldn't help praising him: "The boy has strange eyebrows, which can be described as' chinese odyssey' ..." He left Ruan Yu gladly and became his disciple. Fortunately, Ruan Yu didn't take many detours in his study. At first, he made it easy for students in Cai Yong to follow the master. He was like a spring breeze. In Chang 'an and Luoyang, Shu took Xiao Ruan and taught him to write poems, practice calligraphy and learn mathematics. He is very busy. Ruan's life is full and his "career" has made rapid progress.
Ruan Yu learned the best, one is ci fu, and the other is music. Shu is very good at music and is a famous pianist. Ruan Yu studied under Cai Yong, developed morally, intellectually and physically, and can come out to serve the country. But when he saw that the world was in chaos and the people were poor, he didn't want to work for the troubled times, so he caught up with the donkey cart, carried a book on his back, waved goodbye to the world and entered the mountains.
In the middle of Jian 'an, all Cao Cao's brothers protected Cao Hong and wanted him to be the secretary in charge, but Ruan Yu refused to give in. Later, Cao Cao also heard the name of Ruan Yu and wanted Ruan Yu to be an official, but Ruan Yu didn't want to be an official and refused to go to his post. Cao Cao kept sending people to invite him, but Ruan Yu refused to go down the mountain. Cao Cao frowned and suddenly remembered the meson push of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
At that time, Jiexiu lived in seclusion in Mianshan. Jin Wengong repeatedly issued an "invitation" for him to be an official, but Jiexiu just didn't go down the mountain. Jin Wengong thought, I'll let Yamakaji go. Won't you come down when the mountain is burned down? So he ordered the release of Yamakaji. Unexpectedly, meson push is stubborn, but she doesn't accept this feeling. Finally, she and her old mother were burned to death on Mianshan Mountain. Cao Cao thought, hum! You little Ruan Yu, your wings are not full yet, so I'm not afraid that you won't give in!
The forest was completely destroyed by fire, and Ruan Yu lost his living conditions. It is not for him to decide whether he will live or join the WTO. Because things have come to this, even if he doesn't want to come out, it's his own decision. Ruan Yu is not a meson. He would rather be burned to death than go out of the mountain. In that case, you look down on your life. Besides, there are other reasons why meson tui doesn't want to go out of the mountain, which can't be compared with his own environment. Although Ruan Yu once wrote poems praising Bo Yi and Xu You, an ancient treasure trove, and also firmly expressed his ambition-"Anyone who suffers from poverty should only keep the truth", in such troubled times, Kyushu's sinking place, though the world is big, can't hold a quiet piano platform. Even if you hide in deeper mountains, you may not be able to escape the harassment of war. Just before and after Ruan Yu walked at the crossroads of fate and was cornered, a man resolutely came out of the mountain. He was Zhuge Liang. At this time, Zhuge Liang was twenty-seven years old in nominal age, in the prime of life, full of lofty sentiments, while Ruan Yu was forty-three years old and sixteen years older than Zhugeliang! Ruan Yu is not as clever as Zhuge Liang, nor is he as ambitious as Zhuge Liang. An ambition may have been spent in turbulent years, but he is willing to die of old age in this way. The Ruan family respected Confucianism from generation to generation, and the idea that Confucianism actively joined the WTO and became famous could not completely separate it from reality. Now the opportunity to make a contribution is in front of us. His gradually cooling heart also accelerated the beating frequency and blood circulation. His face is slightly red. More importantly, Cao Cao's sincerity in seeking talents makes him feel honored. Think about it, who is Cao Cao, the prime minister of the country, and all fields are in power. For a mere Confucian scholar, he did not hesitate to release Yamakaji, nor was he afraid that the forestry department would ask him to sabotage state property or the National Security Bureau. How much face did this give Ruan Yu? But it's disrespectful. After fierce ideological struggle, Ruan Yu finally walked out of the mountains and came to Cao Wei's camp. But Ruan Yu was somewhat reluctant, and Cao Cao was rich in talents, and he couldn't entrust an important task at first, so Ruan Yu was just vanity and coping, and he was a little careless in his work. Cao Cao was naturally unhappy when he saw it in his eyes. At a grand banquet, he deliberately humiliated Ruan Yu and drove Ruan Yu into the ranks of musicians.
Ruan Yu saw through Cao Cao's mind, and he decided, thinking, I just use this platform to show my musical talent. So he played the piano and sang impromptu: "Yi Yi, Tiankai, Wei Dangxing." Green beggars travel to Kyushu, and people complain about things. A scholar dies as a confidant, and a woman plays as a lover. If kindness goes well, how can others be chaotic? "Although the lyrics are meant to flatter Cao Cao, everyone thinks his high notes are great and admire him.
Cao Cao was very happy to hear that. He thinks that Ruan Yu has no second thoughts and can be reused. Next, Ruan Yu became an important civil servant of Cao Shi Group, serving as the air force's wine offering plan, managing the archives, and drafting credentials and campaign together with Chen Lin.
Ruan Yu's style of writing, regardless of his poems and letters, is fast and good, without any modification and without any points. When Cao Cao went to Jingzhou, he asked Ruan Yu to write a book for Liu Bei. And Ma Chao and Cao Cao were eager to draft a letter to Han Sui, the warlord of Kansai. He wants Ruan Yu to dismount and write. Unexpectedly, Ruan smiled. People didn't dismount, and their hips didn't leave the saddle. So he began to write, and it was drawn up in an instant and presented to Cao Cao. After Cao Cao took over, it was supposed to be changed as usual, but after reading it for a long time, he couldn't add or subtract a word.
Such a sum, of course, cao cao will reuse. When negotiating with Wu Dong, Ruan Yu's masterpiece is Writing Books for Tsao Gong and Sun Quan, which reads fluently. Cao Cao's son, Cao Pi, admired Ruan Yu very much and said that "the secretary is charming, which makes him very happy".
In the communication with Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, Ruan Yu seems to have a close relationship with Cao Pi, but not with Cao Zhi. On the issue of Cao's prince, although Cao Li did not make a clear statement, he still preferred xelloss. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Pi was a corps commander and deputy prime minister. One day, Ruan Yu was talking with Cao Pi about his poetry paper when Sima Yi came in excitedly. Cao Pi was so happy when he saw the wind blowing under his feet that he couldn't help asking, "Zhong Da is all smiles. What's the happy event? " Sima Yi mysterious suspense: "Guess? This is a great happy event! "
Ruan Yu said, "What is it? There is nothing bigger than raising children at present. " Sima Yi said, "It's a matter of succession. To tell you the truth, your majesty is determined to make Huan Zi (Cao Pizi Huan Zi) the commander of the five senses! " "Really?" Xelloss jumped for joy.
Sima Yi said, "Is this a joke?" Then a few days ago, Cao Cao discussed the issue of heirs with him in detail. Hearing this, Ruan Yu pondered for a moment and quietly said to Sima Yi, "This is naturally a great event for the five senses in the future. But for your brother Zhong Da, it's unpredictable. As you just said ... there are some words, alas, the officialdom is sinister, and I don't need to say it. "
Sima yi listened to his words and turned his back on xelloss quickly, asking for advice modestly. Ruan only said, "You can directly discuss with (Cao Cao) about the issue of raising children and show your attitude. Once Gong Ming's attitude changes, isn't your situation very dangerous? " In my opinion, with Zhong Da's literary talent and efforts in literature, you are bound to achieve something. "
Sima Yi is in high spirits at the moment and is in a moment of full confidence in the future. Holding Ruan Yu's hand, he returned to Cao Pi and said emotionally, "Compared with Brother Ruan, my literary talent is really shameful. Besides, I was born in troubled times, and I always feel that writing poems is not helpful to the world. My ancestors in Sima's family all made contributions to the war horse. I want to carry forward the great achievements of my ancestors! " At this point, he changed the subject: "Of course, writing poetry is also very romantic. But my generation is already rich and extravagant, so what's the use of writing about affairs? What matters is to help the world to make up for the sky, to assist Wang Ping in the world, and to create a prosperous cause! "
Cao Pi clapped his hands and said, "Yes! When a gentleman is born, he will make great achievements. How can he be idle and waste his life? " Later, when Cao Pi became emperor, he really reused Sima Yi.
It can be seen from this incident that Ruan Yu, who was born in a noble family, has been wandering between seclusion and official career. He has both the desire to make contributions and the desire to live in seclusion. Between his birth and his official career, he was also tortured by his heart.
In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 12), Ruan Yu, who fought with Cao Cao everywhere, contracted the plague, leaving his young wife and three-year-old son behind. Cao Pi was heartbroken, regardless of your son's identity, and went to Ruan's house to visit the orphans of his former friends. Looking at the young mother and the young orphan, Cao Pi was very sad. He immediately picked up a pen and wrote an essay "Widow Fu" for the mother and son. As if this was not enough to express his sympathy, he asked RoyceWong to write with him. Xelloss said in the preface:
Chen only left Ruan and Yu to join Chen Lao, who died long ago. "。 Every time he feels that he is an orphan, he is sad and pretends to be Fu to tell his wife's sadness ... "
Xelloss showed great concern for orphans in Ruan Yu. The three-year-old orphan grew up under the care of Cao Pi and became a famous figure in adulthood. He is Ruan Ji.
Compare appreciation
There are many "golden sentences" in ancient Chinese, which are often applied by later generations. Over time, golden sentences have become allusions. There is a saying that "a scholar dies for a bosom friend, and a woman is a bosom friend", which describes that she is willing to give everything for those who appreciate herself. This sentence first appeared in the Warring States Policy, which is a national history book compiled by Liu Xiang, a nobleman in the Western Han Dynasty. The book records the history of the melee of the Seven Chivalrous Men during the Warring States Period.
In the Warring States Policy, there is an article called Zhao Ce, in which it appears that "a scholar dies as a bosom friend, and a woman is ashamed of herself, so I will report her name." This sentence comes from the mouth of Yu Rang, an assassin in the Warring States Period. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Assassins, there was "The Four Assassins" in the Warring States Period, and Yu Rang was one of them. Yurang is a native of the State of Jin and a guest of Zhi Bo, a nobleman of the State of Jin. At that time, the most powerful families in Jin State included Zhao family, Wei family and Han family. The three families were afraid that the development of the wise family would be bad for them, so they made a private alliance and killed Zhi Bo.
After Zhi Bo's death, Zhao Guzhu thought he was not Japanese, so he made Zhi Bo's head into a glass. Yu rang fled to a deserted mountain forest in the melee and planned to live in seclusion. When he heard that Zhi Bo's body was insulted by Zhao Xiangzi, he decided to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi and avenge Zhi Bo. Before the assassination of Zhao Xiangzi, Jade Jean vowed: "Men can lay down their lives for their confidants, and women can shine for the people they like. I must kill Zhao Xiangzi and avenge Zhi Bo! "
Yurang is not a violent person. He made a series of preparations before he assassinated Zhao Xiangzi. For example, he changed his name and surname first, and then painted himself swallowing charcoal. Painting the body is to change the appearance, swallowing charcoal is to change the voice, all in order to make people not recognize him as Yurang. Preparations were well made, but Yu Jean failed to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi several times.
Zhao Xiangzi caught Yurang for the first time, thinking that he was an upright man, and set him free with pity. The second time I arrested Yurang, I thought he was disfigured and swallowed charcoal. It was not easy, so I let him go again. In this way, Jade Jean assassinated once and failed once. After repeated efforts, Zhao Xiangzi couldn't stand it. He grabbed Yurang for the last time and said to him, "Please leave your last words quickly."
Yu Rang said, "I just want to avenge Zhi Bo and repay Zhi Bo for meeting him. Since I can't kill you, take off your clothes and let me stab you. Let me live up to my vows. " Zhao Xiangzi really took off his robe and threw it to Jade Jean. Jade let stabbed Zhao Xiangzi's robe and committed suicide.
Knowing the story behind this allusion, do you find it incomprehensible? In fact, this is the ancient people's insistence on faith. One thing, once it becomes the creed in your heart, you should do it even if the customer service is difficult. In order to repay her bosom friend, Jade Jean sacrificed her life for righteousness, which not only touched the "enemy", but also touched the world. Of course, this story takes place in a specific historical background. As modern people, we need to have a sense of faith and the rule of law.