Helping others is the foundation of happiness. Help them with pens, ink, paper, and inkstones as soon as possible
The use of brushes in Chinese calligraphy is a feature, and it is closely related to the tradition of Chinese characters. According to historical relic verification, patterns painted with brushes were found on some painted pottery during the Neolithic Age. In addition, there are also residual inscriptions in ink or ink on the oracle bones of the Yin and Shang dynasties without inscriptions. Look at the round and crisp strokes, which are all written with a brush. The oracle bone inscriptions have the character "迿" (the ancient form of the character for pen), and the shape of the character is like a hand holding a pen. From this, it can be seen that the writing brush existed about 3,000 years ago.
In the Qin Dynasty, the writing method was improved. It chisels one end of the pen holder into a small socket, and places the pen tip in the socket to stick it. The pen set is also installed in a bamboo tube, and a small hole is drilled on both sides to facilitate the pen removal.
There is a traditional saying in our country that the brush was created by Meng Tian during the Qin Dynasty. Meng Tian may have improved the production of brushes, but there is no record of how he improved. In the Qin Dynasty, rabbit-haired bamboo tubes were first used, which gave them the name "pen". This kind of pen made of two kinds of hair with different hardness can combine hardness and softness, making it easy to write, which is really a great progress. A pen unearthed from a mid-Eastern Han Dynasty tomb in Mozuizi, Wuwei, Gansu Province, has black-purple bristles for the tip, and is covered with a layer of softer yellow-colored hairs. Same argument. This pen can be regarded as an improved brush by Meng Tian.
According to a picture of sacrifices carved on the wall of the front chamber of a portrait stone tomb in Yinan, Shandong during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the worshipers holding wats in the pictures all have a hairpin on their crowns. According to the "Ximen Leopard Pen Pan Break" in "Li Ji·Hua Ji Biography" and the sharpening of one end of the Qin pen, the hairpin pen may have been used for a long time.
After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the pen barrels were shorter, or because the high-legged tables and chairs did not exist at that time, the person writing had to kneel and sit on the mat. There is a short table in front of you, so you have to write with your elbow hanging. Therefore, the requirement for the pen tip is to be "waist-level and strong", which is what Liu Gongquan said, "round like a cone". It is said that Ouyang Xun was also very particular about writing brushes. The pens he used were made of raccoon hair as the core and covered with autumn rabbit hair.
The pens from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty had names such as "rat whisker" and "chicken spur". "Bi Jing" says: It is said that Zhong Yao, Zhang Zhi and Wang Xizhi all used rat whisker pens. Chicken-spacing describes the shape of a short-edged pen. Bai Juyi's "Chicken-spacing Brush" describes the shape of a strong pen. The Tang brush now in the collection of Shosoin in Japan has short hair and an almost triangular shape. It is said that it is a type of chicken-spacing brush. Because it is similar to the shape described by Bai Juyi. This short and hard pen tip had a considerable influence on calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. The most famous brushes in the Tang Dynasty were the Xuan brushes made by Zhuge in Xuancheng, Anhui.
In the Song Dynasty, there were high tables, and people sat on chairs to write. The hardness of the pen tip should be different from before, but the raw materials for making pens were generally similar to those of the Tang Dynasty. Huzhou brush craftsmen in the Yuan Dynasty used goat hair to make brushes, or mixed wool with rabbit or wolf hair to make brushes. In the Ming Dynasty, the four key points of pen making were sharpness, neatness, roundness and health. The pen tip is required to be round and full, with moderate elasticity. When this kind of pen is hung down, it naturally gathers into a sharp edge, making it easy to use. Although it is softer than Xuan brush, it is precisely because of this that it has replaced Xuan brush and become the most famous variety. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huzhou was the center of the pen-making industry. As for the material of the pen holder, in addition to bamboo tubes, there are also materials made of ivory, rhinoceros horn, jade, rosewood, or rosewood, etc., which are just a symbol of preciousness and have nothing to do with writing itself.
Today’s pens are similar to those in the past, and Hu pens are still the most famous. In terms of performance, there are three types: soft hair, hard hair, and mixed hair. Sheep hair is soft and chicken hair is the softest. The soft hair is soft in nature. Its advantage is that it can absorb more ink and make it smooth and round. Its disadvantage is that if it is not used well, the strokes will be weak and the font will be bloated. Wolf hair and purple hair (that is, rabbit hair) are hard hair. The advantage is that it is hard and strong in nature, and its disadvantage is that it is thin and angular. Jianhao is half soft and half hard, a compromise between hardness and softness. Because of the different ingredients, there are five purple and five sheep, seven purple and three sheep, three purple and seven sheep... Calligraphers mostly like to use both pens and customize pens with certain functions according to their own habits. This is an exception.
The ancients nicknamed the box on the desk that contained pens, ink, paper, inkstones, seals and other stationery as "pen and ink serving". The origin of this instrument has not been verified.
However, according to literature and picture records, it was more common after the Tang Dynasty, and became a must-have for writing desks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the emergence of fountain pens in modern times, they gradually withdrew from the stage of history.
Most of the "pen and ink servers" are box-shaped, some are similar to trays, and some are portable. Usually place it in a corner of your desk or study, and move it when you are doing calligraphy and painting.
Pen
Jiang Lang dreamed of giving birth to flowers last night
The style of the article is the best in Beijing
The delicate and weak quality of the book is the history of history
The Xiaoxiao Jin Festival is painted with mulberry and hemp
The divine wind gently transports Tengwang Pavilion
The boat sways diagonally and the peach blossoms bloom
The Taibai sway has been passed down through the ages
The sage of grass boasts eternal glory
Ink
The Black Stone Sutra forges the unparalleled world
The pure water you grind together is worth ten thousand gold
The poet relies on Rubiao Qingjian
The painter is drunk without wine
Beihong's nine horses have no color
Banqiao bamboo joints are missing bones and tendons
Mountains and rocks are merciless guests
Water and lacquered flowers will last forever
Paper
Cai Lun made paper without incident
Incurring the expense of future generations Thinking
Qin bricks and Han tiles were handed down from generation to generation
Tang poems and Song lyrics are splendid
An interesting article by a young girl
Luoyang was once empty alleys
Three rivers of grass and reeds make a fine product
Everything is conveyed by paper
Inkstone
Half-foot square pond Tianjian opens
The clear water lingers with the dance of ink
Ask the canal where to find the shadow of the wind and clouds
The source of green willows and Zhuzizai
The strange mountains and rocks produce strange inkstones
Qing Ge Qing Gu Qing *** Innocence
Laity people often keep things in high cabinets
Only Cong Fengya is willing to introduce it
China’s unique clerical tool, the pen , ink, paper, inkstone. The name "Four Treasures of the Study" originated from the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Historically, the objects referred to by the "Four Treasures of the Study" have changed frequently. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the "Four Treasures of the Study" specifically referred to Zhuge's pen, Li Tinggui's ink from Huizhou, Chengxintang paper, and Longwei inkstone from Wuyuan, Jiangxi. Since the Song Dynasty, the "Four Treasures of the Study" have specifically referred to Hu brush (Huzhou, Zhejiang Province), Hui ink (Huizhou, Anhui Province), rice paper (Xuanzhou, Anhui Province), and Duan inkstone (Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, known as Duanzhou in ancient times).