1. Common knowledge of Chinese literature for college students
Common knowledge of Chinese literature for college students 1. Common knowledge of Chinese literature,
(1) Classics of literature and history: "Four Books": " "Great University", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects", "Mencius" "Five Classics": "Historical Records", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn" "Four Histories": "Historical Records", "Han" "Four Library": Classics, History, Zi, Ji "Book of Songs", "Book of the Later Han", "Book of the Three Kingdoms", "Book of Songs" Six Meanings: Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi, Xing Six Arts: also known as the Six Classics, namely Rites, Yue, She, Yu, Shu, Shu (2) Dynasty legends: "Three Dynasties": Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty "Three Emperors": One of the legends is "Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong" "Five Emperors": According to " "Historical Records" records as: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yushun (3) Geography: "Three Mountains": the mountains where the gods are said to live: Penglai, Fangzhang, Yingzhou. "Five Mountains" Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Hengshan Mountain in the south, Hengshan Mountain in the north, and Songshan Mountain in the middle. "Jiuzhou": the legendary ancient administrative division of China, which later became another name for China. Chixian: The ancients called China "Chixian Shenzhou". Hainei: Ancient legend says that our country is surrounded by the sea. , so it is said that the territory within the country is within the sea. Sihai: refers to the world and the whole country. "Liuhe" and "Bahuang": both refer to the world in general. Rivers: in ancient articles specifically refer to the "Yangtze River and Yellow River". Three Kingdoms: refers to the split into two countries after the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wei, Shu, Wu. Sanqin: refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan. Landscape Yin and Yang: In ancient times, Shannan and Shuibei were yang, and Shanbei and Shuinan were yang. Ancient nicknames: Nanjing (Jiankang, Jinling, Jiangning, Baixia) ) (4) Others: 1. Five elements: refers to gold, wood, water, fire, and earth 2. Five grains: the collective name for food crops in ancient times. (i.e. millet, millet, wheat, bean, and rice) 3. Five flavors: refers to sour, Sweet, bitter, spicy, salty 4. Six kinds of domestic animals: horses, cows, sheep, pigs, dogs, chickens 5. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, inkstone 6. The four friends of the scholar: piano, chess, calligraphy, and painting 7. The Four Gentlemen of Flowers: Plum, Orchid, Bamboo, and Chrysanthemum 8. The Three Friends of Suihan: Pine, Bamboo, and Plum 9. The Six Books: Pictogram, Understanding, Referring to Things, Forming Things, Transferring Notes, and Pretending to Borrow 10. "Three Yuan" in the Lian : Anyone who wins the first place consecutively in the provincial examination, general examination, and palace examination is the Jieyuan, Huiyuan, and Zhuangyuan in the series. 11. Pentatonic: five tone levels. Also called "pentatonic", which is the ancient pentatonic scale in our country. Palace, Shang, Jiao, Zheng (zhi), and Yu. 12. Four major folk stories: "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "The Legend of the White Snake", "Meng Jiangnu" 13. Three Elders: Distribution of Education in Ancient Times The township official. 14. Passing: Refers to being selected in the imperial examination. Failure to pass the examination is called failing or lowering. 15. Tongsheng examination: also called "child examination". It includes three stages: county examination, government examination and hospital examination. Hospital examination After passing the exam, you can obtain the qualification of a student (scholar) before entering the prefecture, state, or county to study. Therefore, it is also called the entrance examination. All candidates regardless of age are called Tongsheng. 16. Imperial Examination: The formal imperial examination is divided into three levels: rural examination, The National Examination, the Palace Examination, and the Provincial Examination: (called Qiuwei or Dabi) are held every three years in the province. Only scholars are eligible to participate in the examination and are awarded the title of Juren. The first one is named Jieyuan. The National Examination: in the spring of the second year after the Provincial Examination It is held by the Ministry of Rites in the capital (called Chunwei or Liwei). Participants must be Juren, and those who pass the examination are called Gongshi. The first place is called Huiyuan. The imperial examination: presided over by the emperor, Gongshi are eligible to participate, and those who pass the examination are called Jinshi. The first place is the top scholar. The second place is called the second place, and the third place is called Tanhua. Together they are called Sanjia Ding. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), due to the implementation of school education in various places, the imperial examination system was abolished. 17. "Erya": the earliest interpretation of Chinese words It is also the world's first systematic dictionary. 18. "Fengya" refers to the national style in "The Book of Songs" and "Li Sao" in "The Songs of Chu". It is often used to refer to literary talent. 19. "The Book of Songs" : It is the earliest poem in China: a total of 305 poems, divided into three categories according to the nature of music: "Feng, Ya, and Song" 20. Sutra: a kind of worship in ancient times, one of the "nine worships". Commonly known as Kowtow. 21. Jishou: An ancient worship ceremony. It is one of the "Nine Bows" and is a big salute. 22. Kneeling: In ancient times, kneel on the ground, with your body straight and your buttocks not touching your heels. 23. Bo (Meng) Zhong, Shu Season: The order of eldest and younger among the brothers. 24. The fifth watch: In ancient China, the night was divided into five periods, and drums were used to tell the time. It was also called "Five Drums" or Five Nights. The first watch was at 19 o'clock - 21 o'clock, second watch at 21 o'clock - 23 o'clock, third watch at 23 o'clock - 1 o'clock, five o'clock at 3 o'clock - 5 o'clock. 25. Four o'clock: refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. First, February and March Spring is called Mengchun, Zhongchun and Jichun (three springs) respectively; summers on the fourth, fifth and sixth days are called Mengxia, Zhongxia and Jixia (three summers) respectively, autumn and winter are called respectively. 26. Stars
Su (xiu): In ancient times, constellations were called stars. 27. Yu Chang Jin Ma: refers to the Hanlin Academy. 28. "Shuowen Jiezi": the most influential ancient dictionary compiled by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 29. "Three Religions and Nine Streams" : "Three Religions" refers to Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism; "Nine Streams" refers to Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang School, Legalism, Famous Schools, Mohists, Politicians, Miscellaneous Schools, and Farmers. It used to refer to various schools in religion or academia. It also refers to people from all walks of life in society. "Three religions and nine streams" often have derogatory meanings. 30. Don't go to the Three Treasures Palace for nothing: a common saying. It means that you don't dare to cause trouble unless there is something important. "Three Treasures" is a noun of Fu Jiao, which refers to Fu Jiao. , Dharma, Monk. 31. Sheji: "She" is the god of earth, and "Ji" is the god of grain. In ancient times, it was customary to regard Sheji as the symbol of the country. 32. Oversize number: After the death of a minister, the court rated him according to his life deeds and actions. A title to praise good and evil. For example, Fan Zhongyan's posthumous title is Wen Zhenggong. 33. The four unique features of "Yueyang Tower": Teng Zijing built Yueyang Tower, Fan Zhongyan wrote notes, Su Shunqin wrote, and Shao (sù) seal forehead (a plaque written in seal characters) was temporarily It is said to be the four wonders. (5) Ancient nicknames: 1. Sangzi: hometown 2. Heroine: woman 3. Man: man 4. Hongyan: letter 5. State: country 6. History: annals 7. Xuanyuan: motherland 8. "Three "Chi": Law 9. Modesty title: ① Self-proclaimed: foolish, mean, open, humble, thief, minister, servant ② Emperor self-proclaimed: lonely, widowed, not grain ③ Scholar self-proclaimed: Xiaosheng, late student, late student ④ Others: under, Xiao Ke, Lao Chen, Concubine, Lao Na, etc. 10. Honorific titles: ① Addressing the emperor: Long live, Holy Emperor, Holy Emperor, Emperor, His Majesty, etc. ② Addressing the emperor: Your Highness ③ Addressing the general: subordinate ④ Addressing the other party or his relatives: Youling, Zun , Xian, Ren. Ling, which means good, is used to address the other party’s relatives. For example, Lingzun (the other party’s father), Lingtang (the other party’s mother), Linghuan (kǔn) (the other party’s wife), Lingxiong (the other party’s brother) ), son (son of the other party), lingai (daughter of the other party); zun, used to refer to people or things related to the other party. For example, zunshang (called the other party’s parents), zungong, zunjun, zunfu (all called The other party's father), Zun Tang (the other party's mother), Zun Qin (the other party's relative), Zun Jia (referring to the other party), Zun Ming (the other party's instructions).
2. College Entrance Examination Chinese and Literary Knowledge
1. The belt becomes wider and wider, but I will never regret it.
-Liu Yong's "Feng Qiwu" 2 The agreement between life and death is broad, as explained by Zicheng. Hold your son's hand and grow old together.
-Anonymous "The Book of Songs Beifeng Beats the Drum" 3 If the love lasts for a long time, how can it last day and night? - Qin Guan's "Magpie Bridge Immortal" 4 When will we know when we will meet each other after we miss each other? It's embarrassing to be at this point in the night.
- Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 5 If there is a beautiful woman, you will never forget it when you see her. If you don't see her for a day, you will miss her like crazy. -Anonymous "Feng Qiu Huang Qin Song" 6 This time I left you, it was wind, rain, and night; you smiled, I waved my hand, and a lonely road spread to both ends.
- Zheng Chouyu's "Fu Farewell" 7 Entering the door of my lovesickness, I know that my lovesickness is painful, long lovesickness makes me remember each other, but short lovesickness makes me infinite. -Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 8 Once upon a time, the sea was difficult to overcome, except for Wushan, it was not a cloud.
-Yuan Zhen's "Five Poems on Li Si" 9 The king is like dust on the road, and the concubine is like muddy cement. They rise and fall in different ways. When will they meet in harmony? -Cao Zhi's "The Moon Ascends a High Building" 10 The two farewells are desolate, and the most regretful one is the bright moon. - Nalan Xingde's "Yu Meiren" 11 Huanjun's pearls shed tears, wishing they could not meet again when they were not married.
-Zhang Ji's "Yan of a Chaste Woman" 12 How to let you meet me at my most beautiful moment. For this, I have been praying to the Buddha for five hundred years, begging him to let us form a mortal relationship.
-Xi Murong's "A Flowering Tree" 13 How can we live together but not die at the same time? -Chen Hengke's "Inscribed on the Portrait of Chunqi" 14 There is talk of lovesickness at the bottom of the acacia tree, and Si Lang hates Lang Lang without knowing it. - Liang Qichao's "Taiwan Bamboo Branch Poems" 15 Since the king came out, the bright mirror and the dark will not cure it.
Thinking of you is like running water, there is no end to it. -Xu Qian's "Thoughts on the Chamber" 16 It's as if we don't see each other when we see each other, and how can being affectionate seem to be ruthless?
- Sima Guang's "Moon over the West River" 17 Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect the flowers. -Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai" I am not old for 18 days, and my love is hard to die.
The heart is like a double mesh with thousands of knots in it. -Zhang Xian's "Qianqiu Sui" 19 It seems that these stars are not last night, for whom the wind and dew set up the midnight.
- Huang Jingren's "One of Two Qi Huai Poems" 20 It is straight to say that it is useless to miss lovesickness, but to be melancholy is pure madness. - Li Shangyin's "Third of the Six Untitled Poems" 1 The belt is getting wider and wider, but I don't regret it at all.
-Liu Yong's "Feng Qiwu" 2 The agreement between life and death is broad, as explained by Zicheng. Hold your son's hand and grow old together.
-Anonymous "The Book of Songs Beifeng Beats the Drum" 3 If the love lasts for a long time, how can it last day and night? - Qin Guan's "Magpie Bridge Immortal" 4 When will we know when we will meet each other after we miss each other? It's embarrassing to be at this point in the night.
- Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 5 If there is a beautiful woman, you will never forget it when you see her. If you don't see her for a day, you will miss her like crazy. -Anonymous "Feng Qiu Huang Qin Song" 6 This time I left you, it was wind, rain, and night; you smiled, I waved my hand, and a lonely road spread to both ends.
- Zheng Chouyu's "Fu Farewell" 7 Entering the door of my lovesickness, I know that my lovesickness is painful, long lovesickness makes me remember each other, but short lovesickness makes me infinite. -Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 8 Once upon a time, the sea was difficult to overcome, except for Wushan, it was not a cloud.
-Yuan Zhen's "Five Poems on Li Si" 9 The king is like dust on the road, and the concubine is like muddy cement. They rise and fall in different ways. When will they meet in harmony? -Cao Zhi's "The Moon Ascends a High Building" 10 The two farewells are desolate, and the most regretful one is the bright moon. - Nalan Xingde's "Yu Meiren" 11 Huanjun's pearls shed tears, wishing they could not meet again when they were not married.
-Zhang Ji's "Yan of a Chaste Woman" 12 How to let you meet me at my most beautiful moment. For this, I have been praying to the Buddha for five hundred years, begging him to let us form a mortal relationship.
-Xi Murong's "A Flowering Tree" 13 How can we live together but not die at the same time? -Chen Hengke's "Inscribed on the Portrait of Chunqi" 14 There is talk of lovesickness at the bottom of the acacia tree, and Si Lang hates Lang Lang without knowing it. - Liang Qichao's "Taiwan Bamboo Branch Poems" 15 Since the king came out, the bright mirror and the dark will not cure it.
Thinking of you is like running water, there is no end to it. -Xu Qian's "Thoughts on the Chamber" 16 It's as if we don't see each other when we see each other, and how can being affectionate seem to be ruthless?
- Sima Guang's "Moon over the West River" 17 Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect the flowers. -Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai" I am not old for 18 days, and my love is hard to die.
The heart is like a double mesh with thousands of knots in it. -Zhang Xian's "Qianqiu Sui" 19 It seems that these stars are not last night, for whom the wind and dew set up the midnight.
- Huang Jingren's "One of Two Qi Huai Poems" 20 It is said that it is useless to miss lovesickness, but it is better to be melancholy and mad. - Li Shangyin's "Third of the Six Untitled Poems" 21 I know that my love will always be there when I am here, and I look forward to the sound of the water at the head of the river.
-Li Shangyin's "Late Autumn Tour in Qujiang" 22 people have become less passionate, and now they are really not passionate. - Nalan Xingde's "Breaking Through the Sands of Huanxi" 23 This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss at the time.
- Li Shangyin's "Jin Se" 24 How much lovesickness ***, the ends of the earth are not long. -Zhang Zhongsu's "Swallow Tower" 25 Asking what love is in the world, it teaches you the promise of life and death.
-Yuan Haowen's "One of Two Songs About Touching Fish" 26 He has no colorful phoenix and two flying wings, but he has a clear mind. -Li Shangyin's "Untitled" 27 Water smoke sinks in the beast's furnace, and fragments of flowers remain in the green marsh, written line by line in the biography of lovesickness.
-Zhang Kejiu's "Sai Hongqiu" 28 Only if you don't love lovesickness in your life can you love lovesickness, which will harm lovesickness. -Xu Zaisi's "Order of Guigui" 29 There are thousands of lovesickness in one inch, and there is no place in the world to arrange it.
- Li Guan's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" 30 years of life and death are vast, without thinking, unforgettable, thousands of miles away, alone in the grave, nowhere to talk about the desolation. - Su Shi's "Jiang Chengzi" 1 The belt is getting wider and wider, but I don't regret it at all.
-Liu Yong's "Feng Qiwu" 2 The agreement between life and death is broad, as explained by Zicheng. Hold your son's hand and grow old together.
-Anonymous "The Book of Songs Beifeng Beats the Drum" 3 If the love lasts for a long time, how can it last day and night? - Qin Guan's "Magpie Bridge Immortal" 4 When will we know when we will meet each other after we miss each other? It's embarrassing to be at this point in the night.
- Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 5 If there is a beautiful woman, you will never forget it when you see her. If you don't see her for a day, you will miss her like crazy. -Anonymous "Feng Qiu Huang Qin Song" 6 This time I left you, it was wind, rain, and night; you smiled, I waved my hand, and a lonely road spread to both ends.
- Zheng Chouyu's "Fu Farewell" 7 Entering the door of my lovesickness, I know that my lovesickness is painful, long lovesickness makes me remember each other, but short lovesickness makes me infinite. -Li Bai's "Three Five Seven Words" 8 Once upon a time, the sea was difficult to overcome, except for Wushan, it was not a cloud.
-Yuan Zhen's "Five Poems on Li Si" 9 The king is like dust on the road, and the concubine is like muddy cement. They rise and fall in different ways. When will they meet in harmony? -Cao Zhi's "The Moon Ascends a High Building" 10 The two farewells are desolate, and the most regretful one is the bright moon. -Nalan Xingde's "Yu Meiren" 11 Huanjun's pearls shed tears, wishing they could not meet again when they were not married.
-Zhang Ji's "Yan of a Chaste Woman" 12 How to let you meet me at my most beautiful moment. For this, I have been praying to the Buddha for five hundred years, begging him to let us form a mortal relationship.
-Xi Murong's "A Flowering Tree" 13 How can we live together but not die at the same time? -Chen Hengke's "Inscription on the Portrait of Chunqi" 14 There is talk of lovesickness at the bottom of the acacia tree, and Si Lang hates Lang Lang without knowing it. - Liang Qichao's "Taiwan Bamboo Branch Poems" 15 Since the king came out, the bright mirror and the dark will not cure it.
Thinking of you is like running water, there is no end to it. -Xu Qian's "Thoughts on the Chamber" 16 It's as if we don't see each other when we see each other, and how can being affectionate seem to be ruthless?
-Sima Guang's "Moon over the Xijiang River" 17 falls in red.
3. Common sense of Chinese literature
3. In which text does the following words appear? Who is the character described?
He said: As long as people who have lost their country and become slaves remember their language firmly, it is like holding a key to the prison door.
Title: "The Last Lesson" in the second semester of Grade 7 Character: Mr. Hamel
4. The "Four Books" in the "Four Books and Five Classics" in ancient China refer to: (The Analects of Confucius ), (Mencius), (University), (Doctrine of the Mean). "Five Classics" refers to: (Book of Songs), (Book of Changes), (Spring and Autumn Period), (Book of Rites), (Book of Changes).
5. The "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to the general term for the four kinds of stationery: (pen), (ink), (paper), and (inkstone).
14. The three elements of a novel (character), (environment), (plot).
4. Comprehensive knowledge of Chinese literature in junior middle schools
The minimum fee is 0.27 yuan/day to become a member of Baidu Library, and you can view the full content in the library>
Original publisher: San 1. Composition
Sanyi Library () [Encyclopedia of literary common sense that must be tested in junior high school Chinese] Literary common sense, common knowledge in life, can be known to the public. The following is the must-have knowledge in junior high school Chinese that I compiled A complete collection of literary common sense, everyone is welcome to refer to it! ▲Comprehensive knowledge of literature required for junior high school Chinese language test 1. Common metonymic words: 1. Sangzi: hometown 2. Taoli: student 3. Sheji, Xuanyuan: country 4. Nanguan: prisoner 5. Classmate: classmate 6. Beacon smoke: war 7. Heroine: woman 8, silk and bamboo: music 9, man: man 10, Chanjuan, Chang'e: moon 11, siblings: brothers 12, history: annals 13, husband and wife: husband and wife 14, white man, commoner: common people 15, stooped, yellow hair: old man 16. Mulberry and hemp: farming 17. Support and support: children 18. Three feet: law 19. Beneath the knees: parents 20. Canopy: luck 21. Letter, slip, note, wild goose, letter: letter 22. Temple: imperial court 2. Author Works: 1. Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are also known as "Han Liu". They are the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty . 3. Three poets, father and son: Su Xun (old Su), Su Shi (big Su), and Su Che (little Su). 4. The bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, collectively known as "Su Xin"; the graceful poets: Li Qingzhao (female poet) 5. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu. Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: my country's earliest great poet. He created the new poetry style "Chu Ci" and created the romantic style of Chinese poetry. 7. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was the founder of the Confucian school and was called the "Sage of Confucius". Mencius was called the "Ya Sage", and they were both called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei that "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings." 9. Du Fu was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems widely and profoundly reflected social reality and were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was also < /p>
5. Some simple literary common sense
Literary common sense 1. The first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. The first biographical general history: Shi Ji 3. The first The first dictionary is: Erya 4. The first encyclopedia is: Yongle Dadian 5. The first collection of poems is: Book of Songs 6. The first anthology: Zhaoming Anthology 7. The first dictionary: Shuowen Jiezi 8 . The first collection of myths: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 9. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: Shishuoxinyu 10. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: Sou Shenji 11. The first collection of quotations: The Analects of Confucius 12. The first chronological history book is: Spring and Autumn 13. The first chronological history: Hanshu 14. The first military book: Sun Tzu's Art of War 15. The article on the two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian.
Sima Xiangru 16. Yuefu Double Bibi: Mulan's poem "The Peacock Flying Southeast" is added to "Qin Women's Song".
17. The Double Treasure of Historiography: Historical Records and Zizhi Tongjian 18. The second beat: the first moment is surprising, the second moment is surprising (Ling Mengchu) 19. Big Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu 20. China The Gemini Constellation in the Modern Literary Circle: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 21. Three Immortals: Establishing Virtue and Meritorious Service 22. Three Dynasties: Xia, Shang and Zhou 23. Three Biography of "Spring and Autumn": Zuo Zhuan Gongyang Zhuan Gu Liang Zhuan 24. Three Kings: Xia Yu, Shang Tang and Zhou Gong 25. Three Mountains: Penglai Abbot Yingzhou 26. Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Three Dukes: Zhou Dynasty, Sima Situ, Sikong, Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Taiwei Yushi Dafu Qingming, Taishi Taifu Taibao 28. Three Cao: Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 29 . Three Yuans of the Public Security Bureau: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 30. Three ancient buildings in the south of the Yangtze River: Hunan Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. Three Friends of Sui Han: Pine, Bamboo and Plum 32. Three Assistants: Left Fengyi, Right Fufeng Jingzhao Yin 33. Scientific Research Three Yuan: Provincial Examination, General Examination, Palace Examination and the first place in oneself (Jie Yuan, Hui Yuan, Number One Scholar) 34. Three Tripods in the Palace Examination: The Number One Scholar, the Second Prize and the Best Ranking 35. China’s Three Great National Quintessences: Peking Opera, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Painting 36. Three Words: Metaphor Words to warn the world are clear and words to awaken the world (Feng Menglong) 37. The Three Rituals of Confucian Classics: Zhou Rites and Rites 38. The Three Officials: Xin'an Officials, Shihao Officials, Tongguan Officials 39. Three Farewells: Farewell to the Newlyweds, Farewell to the Elderly, Farewell to the Homeless 40 . Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy: The Rebirth of the Goddess, Hunan Fruit and Tangdi Flowers 41. Mao Dun's "Eclipse" Trilogy: Disillusionment and Wavering Pursuit of the Countryside Trilogy: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest and Lasting Winter 42. Ba Jin's "Love" Trilogy: Kiriyuden's "Riptide" trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn 43. The first history of a country: Mandarin 44. The first collection that records the words and deeds of counselors, counselors, and disciples: National Policy and National Policy 45. The first historical essay that records personal words and deeds : Yan Zi Chun Qiu 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 47. The first long narrative poem: The Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words) 48. The first literary criticism monograph: "Classic Theory Essay" (Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty 50. The first literary theory and criticism monograph: "Wen Xin Diao Dragon" by Liu Xie, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 51. The first poetry theory and criticism monograph: "Poetry" by Zhong Rong, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in notebook style: "Mengxi Bi Tan" by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty 53. The first diary style travel note: "The Travels of Xu Xiake" by Xu Hongzu of the Ming Dynasty 54. The first A female poet, also known as "the first generation of poets": Li Qingzhao.
6. Common knowledge of Chinese literature in the college entrance examination
Yuefu: The so-called Yuefu in the Han Dynasty refers to the music organ. Yue means music, and fu means government. This is its original meaning.
However, in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, the poems sung by Yuefu were called "Yuefu". The name of a musical style of poetry. Wei and Jin Qing Tan: Wei and Jin Qing Tan: refers to an academic activity conducted by aristocrats and intellectuals in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which focuses on exploring the philosophy of life, society, and the universe, and uses rhetorical skills as the basic method. Social events.
Ode to epic poem: Ode to epic poem: A poetry creation that takes historical themes as the object of chanting. Most of them are written with emotion or insights about specific historical events or historical figures.
Euphemistic Ci: Euphemistic Ci: refers to the style of Ci represented by poets such as Wen Tingyun, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Zhou Bangyan, etc. Their expressions in Ci generally advocate implicitness and euphemism, giving full play to the "specialized emotion" of Ci. "Characteristics. The rhetoric is tactful and the expression is soft.
In terms of material selection, graceful words mostly describe the love of children and the mood of parting. In terms of expression methods, they often use implicit and implicit methods to express emotions, with a gorgeous style. Jian'an style: Jian'an style refers to the handsome and vigorous style of poetry by the Cao family and his son, the Seven Sons of Jian'an and others during the Han and Wei dynasties.
Characteristics: war, manifestation of people's suffering; political ideals of making contributions; lament for the short life; rich tragic color. Mingjiao: Mingjiao: Also known as Lijiao, Lijiao means etiquette education. It refers to the ritual and music culture in traditional Chinese culture and is also the teaching of the "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Virtues".
Because they value the name, they teach by name.
Neo-Confucianism: The construction of Neo-Confucianism is the most important symbol of Song Dynasty culture.
Neo-Confucianism: The construction of Neo-Confucianism is the most important symbol of Song Dynasty culture. The so-called "Neo-Confucianism" is a new school of Confucian classics in the Northern Song Dynasty. It uses the theory of traditional Confucianism as the basic framework and whether it is beneficial to Gangchang Mingjiao as the criterion of value. It studies the speculative philosophy of Buddhism and Taoism and absorbs a large number of their theoretical thinking. As a result, he founded the Neo-Confucian ideological system.
Examination of filial piety and integrity: A form of the system of selecting officials in the Han Dynasty. Chaju means to inspect and recommend, and is also called recommendation.
Promote filial piety and integrity: The local governors of princes, states and counties inspect and select talents at any time within their jurisdiction, recommend them to superiors or the central government, and then appoint them to official positions after probation and assessment. The main subjects of the examination include filial piety and integrity, virtuous literature, and talents.
One of the subjects of the examination and examination system of the Han Dynasty. Xiaolian means to be filial to parents and to act with integrity.
In fact, most of the examinations and examinations were monopolized by the family members, who flattered each other and practiced fraud. There was a nursery rhyme at that time that satirized: "If you promote talents, you don't know how to read; if you promote filial piety and honesty, your father will leave." "Promote filial piety and honesty" in the Han Dynasty A method of discovering and cultivating candidates for official positions.
It stipulates that every 200,000 households should elect one person who is filial and honest every year, and the court will appoint officials. In addition to being knowledgeable and talented, the students who were promoted were also required to be filial to their parents and behave honestly, so they were called filial and honest.
In the Han Dynasty, "filial piety and integrity" had been used as a subject for selecting officials. Those without the character of "filial piety and integrity" could not be officials. Chinese culture uses filial piety to govern the world, so it is called filial piety and integrity.
In the Qing Dynasty, those who passed the examination still used the name Xiaolian Gong, which was followed from the Han Dynasty. Palace style poetry: Palace style poetry refers to poetry that originated in the palace and described palace life as its basic content. The style is usually flamboyant and light, and the form pursues extravagant and beautiful words. It was called "palace style" at the time and later called erotic poetry. It is a palace style poem.
The Four Scholars of Wuzhong: The Four Scholars of Wuzhong: Zhang Ruoxu, He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, Se Rong. Poetry Immortal: Poetry Immortal: There are two people Li Bai likes to chant most. The first is Lu Zhonglian and the second is Zhang Liang.
"Historical Records" is full of love and hate; secondly, "Historical Records" is full of literary talent. Third, the characteristics of "Historical Records": First, the characteristics of "Historical Records": civilian perspective; fourth, it fills many gaps in the history of ancient Chinese figures.
In other words, without "Historical Records", we would not know many great figures in the history of our Chinese nation. Fifth, it incorporates the author's criticism of feudal emperors, which is even more complicated.
The influence of Neo-Confucianism on China's late feudal society: The influence of Neo-Confucianism on China's late feudal society: Neo-Confucianism is the most exquisite and complete theoretical system in China's late feudal society, and its influence is profound and huge. 1. The construction of Neo-Confucianism enabled China's ritual order to be rebuilt after the turbulent fission of the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties.
2. The construction of Neo-Confucianism changed ancient China’s line of managing the world from the “outer king” career to the “inner sage” self-cultivation. 3. The construction of Neo-Confucianism enables the ideal personality of the Chinese nation to be perfected and realized.
There are three important styles of ancient Chinese history books: Three important styles of ancient Chinese history books: Chronicle style, which records history by chronology, the most famous of which are like "Spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Zhuan"; National style, which records history by year; The country records history, such as "Guoyu" and "Warring States Policy". The biographical style records history with characters as the center. "Historical Records" is China's first biographical general history.
How to understand "Studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes in the past and present, and forming a family's opinion." How to understand "Studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes in the past and present, forming a family's opinion."
Research Between Heaven and Man: Explore the relationship between heaven and human affairs, and explore the living conditions of human beings. Through the development and evolution of history, find the reasons for the rise and fall of dynasties.
The words of Cheng Jia: borrowed. Such a historical work was written to express some of his unique historical insights and some of his social and political thoughts. The most prominent one is that Sima Qian saw the decisive role of economics and economic relations in social development.
Recognize and openly propose that it is people's material desires and the pursuit of life satisfaction that dominate people's historical activities. Four major academies: Yuelu Academy Eternal Ci Emperor: Eternal Ci Emperor: Li Yu Bailudong Academy Yingtian Academy Songyang Academy.
7. A simplified version of the literary common sense that must be memorized for the Chinese language college entrance examination in 2016. What are the literary common sense that must be tested for the college entrance examination
1. The author's works: - 1. The Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan , Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong - 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Han Liu". They are the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.
- 3. Three poets, father and son: Su Xun (Old Su), Su Shi (Big Su), and Su Che (Little Su). - 4. The bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, collectively known as "Su Xin"; the graceful poets: Li Qingzhao (female poet) - 5. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu.
Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. - 6. Qu Yuan: my country's earliest great poet. He created the new poetry style "Chu Ci" and created the romantic style of Chinese poetry.
- 7. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was the founder of the Confucian school and was called the "Sage of Confucius", while Mencius was called the "Sage of the Lesser". Also known as "Confucius and Mencius". - 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei, "There are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings."
- 9. Du Fu was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems widely and profoundly reflected social reality, and he was known as As the "history of poetry", Du Fu was also revered as the "Sage of Poetry", including the famous "Three Officials": "Tongguan Officials", "Shihao Officials", and "Xin'an Officials"; "Three Farewells": "Newlywed Farewell", "Farewell to the Elderly" and "Farewell to the Homeless". - 10. The first biographical general history of our country is "Shi Ji" (also known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"). The author is Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called "Shi Ji" "the swan song of historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"". : 12 annals, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, 8 books, and 130 articles.
- 11. "Four Histories": "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Later Hanshu", and "Three Kingdoms". - 12. The four great masters of Yuan opera: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
- 13. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is my country's first collection of outstanding classical Chinese short stories. The author is Pu Songling, a famous novelist in the Qing Dynasty. "Liao Zhai" is the name of his bookstore, "Zhi" refers to narrative, and "Yi" refers to strange things.
- 14. The four masters of calligraphy: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun, Zhao Meng (fǔ) - 15. The main schools and representatives of the Hundred Schools of Thought during the Warring States Period: -1 Confucianism: Confucius and Mencius -2 Legalism: Han Feizi - 3 Taoism: Zhuangzi, Liezi - 4 Mohism: Mozi 16. The four great masters of the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, You Miao - 17. Frontier poets: Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling - 18. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong , Lu Zhaolin, King Luo Bin. - 19. my country's first pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "will not bow down for five buckets of rice."
- 20. The four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Poultry, and Abagon. - 21. The typical Chinese miser: Yan Jiansheng.
- 2. The best of Chinese literature: - The earliest collection of poems is the Book of Songs; - The earliest patriotic poet is Qu Yuan; - The earliest pastoral poet is Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; - The earliest and most outstanding The most outstanding frontier poets are Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; - The most outstanding bold poet in ancient times is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty; - The most outstanding female poet in ancient times is Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; - The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times is the Southern Song Dynasty Xin Qiji; - The greatest romantic poet in ancient times is Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty; - The greatest realist poet in ancient times is Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty; - The patriotic poet who wrote the most poetry in ancient times is Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty; - The most famous long myth in ancient times The novel is "Journey to the West" written by Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty; - The most famous historical novel in ancient times is "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" written by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty; - The earliest novel about peasant uprisings in ancient times is "Water Margin" written by Shi Naian in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty ; - The greatest realistic novel in ancient times is "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty; - The most outstanding long satirical novel in ancient times is "The Scholars" by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty; - The most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is the Qing Dynasty Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"; - The earliest quotation-style prose in ancient times is "The Analects of Confucius"; - The earliest ancient chronological history book with detailed records is "Zuo Zhuan"; - The earliest ancient general history in biographical style is "Shi Ji"; - The most ancient historical book The outstanding inscription is "Inscription on a Humble House" by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty; - The greatest modern writer is Lu Xun; - The most outstanding modern novel is "Midnight" by Mao Dun; - The most influential modern collection of short stories is Lu Xun's "Midnight" Scream". - 3. Poems and people: - ① Three visits to the world, two dynasties to open the hearts of old ministers.
——Zhuge Liang - ② He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears. ——Zhuge Liang - ③ If you become a master and show your true fame, no one can compare with you in a thousand years.
——Zhuge Liang - ④ Knowing that the world is divided into three parts, he still exhausted all his men and went out to attack. ——Zhuge Liang - ⑤ If you are upright and upright, you can keep your righteousness in the sky; if you are sad and angry, you can write a history that will shine on the world.
——Sima Qian - ⑥ Drinking wine on the needle grinding stone, leaning against the sword and hanging the bow and fuscus in the sky. ——Li Bai - ⑦ The eternal poetic talent, Penglai articles and Jian'an bones; a proud man, the Qinglian layman was relegated to the immortal.
——Li Bai - ⑧ It has been eight hundred years since Weng passed away, but his drunken hometown is still there; six or seven miles into the mountains, there are no lonely pavilions or shadows. ——Ouyang Xiu - ⑨ The iron plate and copper lute follow the east slope and sing loudly as the great river goes eastward. The beautiful qin mourns the millet and the Southern Song Dynasty does not follow the wild geese flying south.
——Xin Qiji - ⑩ The suffering in the world is the sage in the poem; the suffering in the world is the waves in the writing. ——Du Fu - There is still righteousness that can reach heaven and earth, and there is still a loyal heart that illuminates the past and present.
——Wen Tianxiang - Reflecting on the eternal sadness of the Miluo River by upholding purity and loyalty. ——Qu Yuan - With lakes and mountains on all sides, thousands of families are filled with joy and sorrow.
——Fan Zhongyan - The great river has been running for a hundred generations, and the waves have rushed together to collect all the heroes of the ages. ——Li Qingzhao - The translation has not yet been completed, and I am shocked to hear about the meteor. Who in China will lead the cry? My husband has passed away, and I remember the old rain painfully. The literary world feels hesitant from now on.
——Lu Xun - *** praised Zhu Ziqing: "A person who will not bend his back for five buckets of rice." - Lenin praised Gorky: "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art."
- The embodiment of ballet: Ulanova. - Guan Hanqing is called: "Shakespeare of the East".