Qiantang River Bridge
The Qiantang River Bridge is located south of the West Lake in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, on the Qiantang River near the Six Harmonies Pagoda. It is the first double-decker railway designed and built by my country. , highway dual-purpose bridge, traversing the north and south of Qiantang, is a transportation artery connecting the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo and Zhejiang-Jiangxi railways.
The construction of the bridge started on August 8, 1934, and was completed on September 26, 1937, which took three years and one month. The completion of the Qiantang River Bridge has not only greatly facilitated the transportation between the north and south of the Qiantang River, but together with the Liuhe Pagoda, it has formed a magnificent landscape on the southern line of the West Lake Scenic Area.
The bridge is 1,453 meters long and is divided into two parts: the approach bridge and the main bridge. The main bridge has sixteen holes and fifteen piers. The lower railway bridge is 1,322.1 meters long and runs on a single track; the upper highway bridge is 1,453 meters long and 6.1 meters wide, with sidewalks on both sides of 1.5 meters each, making it majestic. The bridge is like a rainbow flying across the north and south, and its iron bones shoulder heavy responsibilities.
Bridge History
The person in charge of the design and construction of the Qiantang River Bridge was Dr. Mao Yisheng, a contemporary bridge expert. In order to complete the important task of building the bridge, Mao Yisheng resolutely resigned from his professorship at Peiyang University and came to Hangzhou alone. For the first time, the pneumatic caisson method was used to dig mud and pile and was successful, breaking the prediction of foreigners that "the Qiantang River is deep and fast, making it impossible to build a bridge." He has become more ambitious for the Chinese people. The bridge construction plan formulated under his leadership was not only feasible, but also required approximately 2 million yuan less investment than the plan proposed by American bridge expert Wardle, and was finally adopted by the authorities. The majestic and magnificent bridge expresses the heroic aspirations of the Chinese people to stand on their own among the nations of the world. However, the sad and sad story of "a thousand days of hard work, but the bridge exploded on the day it was opened to traffic" is engraved in it, which will never be forgotten by the Chinese people.
On November 11, 1934, the construction of the Qiantang River Bridge started. 39-year-old Mao Yisheng was appointed as the chief designer and chief engineer of the Qiantang River Bridge. At that time, the iron hoofs of the Japanese militarist aggressors had trampled on the northeastern region of our country, and they were eyeing North China and even the entire China in an attempt to destroy China. Although Mao Yisheng was not a politician, he loved his motherland and his worries about the current situation kept him clear-headed.
On July 7, 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out. Mao Yisheng had a premonition that even he himself was unwilling to face, and made a major decision that shocked the world - he left a large rectangular hole on the No. 2 south pier of the bridge. Mao Yisheng did not explain to anyone the reason for this major change that was not included in the original design. On August 13, 1937, the Songhu Anti-Japanese War finally broke out. Throughout September and October, the Songhu Anti-Japanese War was extremely fierce. The smoke of war has filled the sky over Hangzhou, and the construction of the Qiantang River Bridge has entered its most intense stage. On September 26, the lower single-track railway bridge of the Qiantang River Bridge was opened to traffic. Mao Yisheng hoped that Shanghai could stop the Japanese attack. However, the Battle of Songhu that lasted for three months ended with the fall of Shanghai, and Hangzhou was also in danger. The exhausted Mao Yisheng clearly felt that he could no longer control the fate of the bridge. On November 16, Mao Yisheng received an order from the Nanjing government: If Hangzhou is not protected, the Qiantang River Bridge will be blown up. The large rectangular hole left by Mao Yisheng in the South No. 2 pier was actually to prevent this moment from coming. That night, Mao Yisheng marked out all the fatal points of the Qiantang River Bridge one by one with the rigorous and precise attitude of a bridge engineer. Throughout the night, more than 100 fuses were connected from various detonation points to a house on the south bank. With the same pain as strangling his own baby with his own hands, Mao Yisheng accompanied the bridge, which was built through hardships, until he saw the last lead connected with his own eyes. This was the most unforgettable, uncomfortable and difficult day in Mao Yisheng's life. When he recounted his memories to his family afterwards, the pain and helplessness really made him want to cry. November 17 was the first day that the bridge that Mao Yisheng longed for but did not dare to expect would be fully opened to traffic. When the first car drove over the bridge, hundreds of thousands of people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait applauded vigorously, and the applause lasted for a long time. Mao Yisheng later recalled: “All the more than 100,000 people who crossed the bridge that day, and the people who crossed the bridge every day thereafter, all had to walk on top of the explosives, and the train also passed by at lightning speed on the explosives.
On the first day of opening the bridge, there were explosives in the bridge. This is unprecedented in the history of bridges at home and abroad! "
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon on December 23, 1937, Mao Yisheng finally received the order: blow up the bridge. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the leading troops of the Japanese army were looming, the crowd was forcibly blocked, and all the leads were blocked. It was lit. With a loud noise, two piers of the Qiantang River Bridge were destroyed, and the five-hole steel beam broke and fell into the river. After 925 days and nights, the Qiantang River Bridge cost 1.6 million US dollars. It was finally paralyzed in the flames of Japanese invasion on the 89th day after it was opened to traffic. Japanese soldier Tomonaga Kafu took pictures of the Qiantang River Bridge after the bombing in the smoke. Decades later, Tomonaga Kafu came to Beijing and took pictures. In repentance for the war, he personally handed the photo he took into the hands of Mao Yisheng. On the night when the bridge was blown up, through the vast twilight, Mr. Mao Yisheng stared at the afterimage of the bridge that he had blown up. , looking at the brighter and brighter fire on the north bank of the river, Mao Yisheng wrote eight words on his desk with grief and anger: "The war of resistance must be won, and this bridge must be restored." His wish was not realized until 1953 after the liberation of the country. Realized. Today, there are six bridges on the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, including the Second Qiantang River Bridge, the Third Qiantang River Bridge, and the Fourth Qiantang River Bridge. However, the name of the Qiantang River Bridge remains unchanged and stands majestically in front of Yuelun Mountain. A full-length bronze statue of Mao Yisheng was erected. People will always remember this outstanding bridge expert and profound patriot in China, and people will not forget this tragic and legendary history of the Qiantang River Bridge.
Mao Yisheng once wrote a poem before blowing up the bridge:
The situation in Tu Di changed suddenly
Blowing up the bridge with tears to cut off the access road
The lack of fire in the five elements is really coming Fire
A bridge cannot be restored without a husband
This poem reveals Mao Yisheng's helplessness when he was forced to blow up the bridge, and his determination to rebuild it in the future. The third line of the poem "The five elements lack fire." Many people don't understand the truth about "Really Fire". If you connect "Qiantang River Bridge", you can see the charm of the third sentence. The wonder of this poem lies in the third sentence.
On May 25, 2006, the Qiantang River Bridge was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
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Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge
The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is located in Wuhan City. The bridge spans between Wuchang Snake Mountain and Hanyang Guishan. It is one of the most important bridges in my country. The first dual-use railway and highway bridge built on the Yangtze River, the total length of the bridge is 1,156 meters, including 1,156 meters of the main bridge, 303 meters of the north bank approach bridge, and 211 meters of the south bank approach bridge. The height from the base to the highway bridge deck is 80 meters, and the lower level is double. The railway bridge is 14.5 meters wide, and two trains can run in opposite directions at the same time. The upper layer is a road bridge, about 20 meters wide, with 4 lanes. The bridge is a triple continuous bridge with 3 holes in each link and 8 piers and 9 holes in total. The span of each hole is 128 meters, allowing the ship to sail unimpeded all year round.
There are national-style bridgeheads at both ends of the main bridge, each 35 meters high, with 7 floors from the ground floor hall to the top pavilion. There are electric lifts for people to go up and down. The ancillary buildings and various decorations are all very coordinated and exquisite, and the whole bridge is extremely majestic. If you take the electric lift from the ground floor, you can go directly to the bridge deck to visit. Looking around, the three towns of Wuhan are connected into one. It also connects the Beijing-Hankou and Guangdong-Han railways that are separated by the Yangtze River and connects the Beijing-Guangzhou line. Feeling relaxed and happy, thinking about it, it is really like "a bridge flies to the north and south, and the natural chasm becomes a thoroughfare".
Edit the characteristics of this section of the bridge
The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is located between Guishan Mountain in Hanyang, Wuhan City, and Snake Mountain in Wuchang City. It is the first bridge built on the "natural chasm" Yangtze River after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The bridge is also the first bridge on the Yangtze River in ancient times. It is my country's first dual-track railway and highway bridge. After its completion, it has become an artery connecting the north and south of my country, and has played an important role in promoting the economic development of the north and the south.
The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was built on September 1, 1955 and opened to traffic on October 15, 1957. The construction of the bridge received help from the Soviet government at the time, and Soviet experts provided input for the design and construction of the bridge. A lot of guidance, but after the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviet government withdrew all the experts, and the final bridge construction work was presided over by Mr. Mao Yisheng. After the completion of the bridge, it connected the three towns of Wuhan into one, which greatly promoted the development of Wuhan. From a national macro perspective, the significance of the completion of the bridge is to connect the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and make railway transportation between the north and south of the Yangtze River smooth. Mao Zedong's poem "A bridge flies to the north and south, and the natural chasm becomes a thoroughfare" exactly describes the momentum and important role of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. Since its completion, the bridge has been a landmark building in Wuhan. The total length of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is 1670.4 meters. The main bridge is a double-layer steel-wood structure girder bridge for both railway and highway purposes. The upper layer is a highway bridge and the lower layer is a double-track railway bridge. The bridge body has eight piers and nine holes, and each hole has a span of It is 128 meters long, and a giant ship of 10,000 tons can pass under the bridge. Except for the seventh pier, all eight bridge piers adopt the "large pipe string drilling method". This is a new construction method pioneered by our country's bridge workers, which embodies the spirit of our country's The resourcefulness and craftsmanship of the bridge workers.
The bridge is like a flying rainbow, paving a smooth path on the Yangtze River. The Ping-Han Railway and the Guangdong-Han Railway were connected (the two lines were therefore renamed the Beijing-Guangzhou Line). Fundamental changes occurred in the north-south transportation, which greatly promoted the construction process of the Wuhan railway hub and made it known as the "thoroughway of nine provinces." Wuhan City, known as Wuhan, has become an important railway hub in the country. After the bridge was opened to traffic, the social and economic benefits were huge. In the first five years of its opening, the bridge transported more than 80 million tons, shortened train transportation time by about 24 million vehicle hours, and saved freight charges that exceeded the entire project cost. With the continuous development of the national economy, the throughput of the bridge has also continued to increase, and the direct and indirect economic benefits have become even more incalculable. It has played an irreplaceable and important role in the construction of the national economy.
In August and September 2002, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge underwent its first major overhaul. Experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences evaluated that the life of the bridge is at least 100 years.
Today there are three bridges standing on the Yangtze River in Wuhan, namely Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Wuhan Second Yangtze River Bridge and Wuhan Third Yangtze River Bridge (Baishazhou Bridge).
Edit this paragraph about bridge architecture
The architectural design of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is very characteristic of Chinese national architecture. On both sides of the bridge deck, there are chest-high figures with various birds and animals. Railings; both sides of the bridge are symmetrical flower panels, the contents of which are mostly based on Chinese folklore, myths, etc., such as "Peacock Spreading Its Tail", "Carp Playing with Lotus", "Magpie Making Plum Blossoms", "Jade Rabbit and Golden Osmanthus" etc. , with a strong national flavor; at both ends of the bridge are bridgeheads about 35 meters high, from the ground floor hall to the top pavilion, up to the seventh floor. The pavilion of the bridgehead is square and octagonal, with double eaves and a red bead dome. There are elevators and escalators for pedestrians to go up and down. There are large clay sculptures of heroes who built the bridge on display in the hall for visitors to watch and appreciate, recall the past years and feel the heroic spirit of the heroes. The monument and viewing platform of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge were built together with the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. They are nestled together with the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. The monument is 6 meters high and weighs more than 20 tons. On the south side, there is an inscription written by Comrade Mao Zedong: "One bridge flies to the north and south, and the natural chasm becomes a thoroughfare." "The viewing platform is one of the best places for tourists to admire the Yangtze River and the bridge. The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge embodies the ingenious wit of the designers and the superb skills of the builders. Eight giant bridge piers stand in the middle of the river. The rice-shaped trusses and diamond-grid auxiliary vertical poles give the huge steel beams a graceful appearance; the 35-meter-high abutments stand on both sides of the river, adding majesty to the bridge. The bridge connects Qingchuan Pavilion, Guishan, Lianhua Lake, Guishan TV Tower, Guqin Terrace to Snake Mountain, Yellow Crane Tower, Shouyi Garden, Pengliuyang Road, and complements each other, forming a grand, continuous, beautiful and moving scenic spot group. It is not only a beautiful scenery on the Yangtze River, but also a historical monument, leaving an indelible impression on the lives of people in Jiangcheng.
Fifty years ago, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the romantic and heroic Mao Zedong remembered the majesty of this bridge in just 11 words.
Today, the beauty of the bridge across it is still wonderful. There is no bridge as heavy as the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, carrying so much glory and dreams. Over the past 50 years, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, which has gone through many vicissitudes, stands majestically above the river, carrying the load of more than 60 cars per minute and a train every 6 minutes. It has withstood countless floods and strong winds, and has withstood the 70-year-old Despite the test of many collision accidents, it still remains majestic and stands proudly on the turbulent river. In order to build this bridge, Premier Zhou Enlai personally formulated the blueprint for the construction of the bridge and instructed eight national ministries and commissions to mobilize national strength to serve the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge.
Edit the bridge data of this section
Total length: 1670 meters, of which the main bridge length is 1156 meters
Span: 128 meters per hole
Number of piers: 8
Bridge width: 18 2×2.5 meters
Bridge type: Steel truss three-hole continuous beam
Design unit: Ministry of Railways Survey and Design Institute
Construction unit: Wuhan Bridge Engineering Bureau
Construction unit: Bridge Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Railways
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Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is located on the Yangtze River in the northwest of Nanjing City, connecting the urban area with Pukou District is the first double-decker railway and highway bridge on the Yangtze River designed and built by my country. The upper road bridge is 4,589 meters long, with a 15-meter-wide roadway that can accommodate four large cars running in parallel. There are also sidewalks more than 2 meters wide on both sides; the lower railway bridge is 6,772 meters long, 14 meters wide, and is paved with double tracks. , two trains can run in opposite directions at the same time. Among them, the main bridge on the river is 1577 meters long, and the rest are approach bridges, which is the longest bridge in my country. On the road railing of the main bridge, the highway approach bridge adopts the form of a double-hole double-curved arch bridge with Chinese characteristics.
Construction officially started on January 18, 1960. The railway bridge was opened to traffic in September 1968, and the highway bridge was opened in December of the same year. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is a super-large bridge for both railway and highway purposes. The railway bridge is 6,772 meters long, and the highway bridge is 4,588 meters long. 10,000-ton ships can pass under the bridge. It is the third largest bridge across the Yangtze River after the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and the Chongqing Baishatuo Yangtze River Bridge. After the bridge was opened to traffic, the Jinpu and Shanghai-Nanjing lines were connected, allowing direct access from Beijing to Shanghai. Since then, the Beijing-Shanghai Railway has been connected.
Edit this paragraph's geographical location
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, on the Yangtze River in the northwest of Nanjing City, connecting the urban area and Pukou District. It is the first Yangtze River bridge designed by our country. A double-decker railway and highway bridge built. It was completed on December 29, 1968. The upper road bridge is 4,589 meters long, with a 15-meter-wide roadway that can accommodate four large cars running in parallel. There are also sidewalks more than 2 meters wide on both sides; the lower railway bridge is 6,772 meters long, 14 meters wide, and is paved with double tracks. , two trains can run in opposite directions at the same time. Among them, the main bridge on the river is 1577 meters long, and the rest are approach bridges, which is the longest bridge in my country. On the road railing of the main bridge, the highway approach bridge adopts the form of a double-hole double-curved arch bridge with Chinese characteristics. There are 200 cast-iron reliefs embedded in the railings on both sides of the main highway bridge, and there are 150 pairs of white magnolia-shaped street lamps beside the sidewalk.
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The Jiangzhongzheng Bridge of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has 9 piers and 10 holes. Each pier is 80 meters high and the bottom area of ??each pier is more than 400 square meters. Larger than a basketball court, the tallest pier is 85 meters high from base to top. The distance between piers is 128 meters except for the first hole on the north bank, and the other nine holes are all 160 meters. A giant ship of 10,000 tons can be used under the bridge. There are four bridgeheads more than 70 meters high at both ends of the main bridge. The entire bridge looks like a rainbow floating over the river. The rock bed is buried 33 to 47 meters below the river bed of the main bridge. The nine bridge pier foundations are made of heavy concrete caissons, steel caissons plus pipe columns, floating reinforced concrete caissons, and steel sheet pile cofferdam pipes. Column and other foundations. Nine of the 10-hole steel beams of the main bridge have a span of 160 meters. They are riveted and assembled on site using high-quality alloy steel rods. Very spectacular.
Especially at night, the 1,048 floodlights on the bridge railings are on, and the 540 metal halide lamps on the bridge piers illuminate the river as if it were daytime. In addition, the 150 pairs of magnolia lanterns on the highway bridge are all bright, and the lights on the bridgehead and large sculptures are all bright. 228 sodium lamps make the bridge look like a string of night pearls across the river. Whenever night falls, all the lanterns are lit, stretching for more than ten miles, "it seems like the Milky Way is setting in the sky".
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Wan’an Ancient Ferry Luoyang Bridge
Walking on the Luoyang Bridge in Hui'an, Fujian Province is like having a dialogue with history. As a result, the huge stone beams were no longer silent, the pavilion and the stele pavilion also became more vivid, the flying lotus petals and the blurry Buddha reliefs on the stone tower also became spiritual, and even the raft-shaped bridge piers came alive, using the same kind of The ancient language tells stories and legends about the bridge long ago.
The birth of bridges is almost always related to transportation, and Luoyang Bridge is no exception. The Luoyang River flows through the mountains of Jin and Hui and many streams pass through the south side of Luoyang Town, rushing into the sea with the atmosphere of the mountains and wild fields. Here, "the water is five miles wide and inaccessible." There are river mouths on the north and south banks, and boat ferry has become the only mode of transportation. It was called "Wan'an Ferry" in ancient times. However, the current at the entrance to the sea is turbulent, and "every time the wind and tide change, it can't be crossed for several days." Both sides of the Taiwan Strait can only look at the sky and sigh.
However, the location of Wan'an Crossing is very important. It connects Hui'an in the north to Fuzhou, and connects Quanzhou to Zhang, Xia, Chao and Guangzhou in the south. In the middle of the Song Dynasty, Quanzhou had become a prosperous port with a commercial and trade economy. With a considerable scale, radiation to the surrounding areas is inevitable, but the Luoyang River is a natural obstacle to its northward movement.
The bridge-building skills of the Jin Dynasty have matured, and immigrants from the Central Plains have also brought them to central Fujian. This complements the maturity of the stone carving crafts here. Coupled with the invention of gunpowder and the skillful use of gunpowder, mining of huge rocks has become a It is not difficult, the time and place are favorable, and Wan'an crossing to create overseas Chinese has become a general trend.
Luoyang Ancient Bridge was built in the fifth year of Huangyou (1053) in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed in the fourth year of Jiayou (1059). It lasted six years and eight months. It has unique regulations, grand projects, and innovative The beam-style large stone bridge across the sea is the first in history and is known as the "first bridge in the country". Even in the Shenzong Dynasty, the envoy Wang Zijing presented the picture of the Wan'an Bridge on the Luoyang River to the emperor, and it also won Longyan's great pleasure and generous reward. After that, there was a craze for building bridges in Quanzhou. In 150 years, more than 200 bridges were built with a total length of more than 50 miles. Therefore, it won the reputation of "the best bridge in central Fujian" and "the best bridge in Quanzhou".
The reason why Luoyang Bridge, together with the stone arch type Zhaozhou Bridge, the porous stone arch type Lugou Bridge, and the boat beam type Chaozhou Guangji Bridge, is also known as the four famous bridges in ancient China is that in addition to its grandeur, it is also Because of its unique structure and superb craftsmanship.
The ancient bridge is an ancient flat beam running north-south. The bridge is 834 meters long and 7 meters wide. There are 31 remaining bridge piers. The bridge deck is paved with granite boulders that are 11 meters long and nearly 1 meter wide and thick. The wisdom of the bridge builders is reflected in the fact that according to the strong tide and strong current, they created a raft with two pointed ends to separate the water potential, that is, the "raft foundation"; and also used the tidal drop to create a "rapid wave to swell the boat and suspend it." The "string" foundation laying method and the bridge plank floating method; after Cai Xiang took over as the construction supervisor, he also created "planting oysters on the foundation to make it solid". The famous bridge expert Mao Yisheng commented on it in "Bridge Talk": "This kind of foundation is the 'raft foundation' of modern bridges, but it has a history of less than a hundred years abroad. The 'floating foundation' of the bridges used "Yunfa" is still very popular today. "The cultivation of oysters combines the bridge base and the pier into a whole, which is probably an advanced application of modern biological science.
Today, a quite tall stone sculpture of Cai Xiang has been erected at the north end of Luoyang Bridge. The calmness and humility between his eyebrows and beard still reveal Funai's loneliness.
The story between Cai Xiang and Luoyang Bridge has been so well woven throughout history that later generations also believed that Luoyang Bridge was caused by Cai Xiang. Some errors in history can be forgiven. As the prefect of Quanzhou, Cai Xiang was responsible for supervising the bridge officials during his tenure. Although it only lasted for 23 months, which only accounted for a quarter of the entire bridge construction time, it was... It’s hard work but it’s well-known.
Moreover, in the inscription "Wan'an Bridge" written by Cai Xiang himself, he did not boast of his achievements. He only briefly recorded the beginning and end of the construction of the bridge, and wrote a large book about the historical facts of Wang Shi, Yibo and other bridge builders. It can be seen that Cai Xiang is a noble character and an honest official.
"Serving as an official for one term will benefit one party." What Cai Xiang did was reasonable and reasonable. There was nothing special about it. People's arrangement also reflected the people's call for honest official politics. The statue of Cai Xiang stood there, guarding the Luoyang Bridge that he was familiar with, but he could no longer see the heroic bridge-building scene. The respect of future generations also brought him a bit of loneliness. If the sculptures designed here at that time were a group of ordinary builders moving stones to build a bridge, it might be more consistent with historical reality and in line with Cai Xiang's original intention.
Another function of Luoyang Bridge is the cultural national emblem it produces. Since the completion of the bridge, ancestral temples, temples, nunneries, halls, etc. related to the bridge have been built in various styles and shapes, integrating with the beautiful scenery of the landscape, expressing the architectural culture and art of the time in a pure and hearty way; Historical records and poems about the bridge have greatly enriched the cultural heritage of this land; there are many stone inscriptions, poems and cliff inscriptions about the bridge that are powerful, elegant, elegant or delicate, and their traditional calligraphy and sculpture art create a timeless artistic conception, and countless fabricated legends and local operas using bridges as materials are full of classical romanticism and widely circulated. It is rare in the history of bridge construction that an ancient bridge can cause such a big cultural sensation.
The dilution of the traffic function of Luoyang Bridge is another sign of the development of the times. Nowadays, the Luojiang Bridge Gate on National Highway 324 is filled with traffic, connecting the north and the south. Together with the nearby ancient bridge, it constitutes the new scene of the "Double Rainbow of the Luojiang River", one is ancient and the other is modern, but they all reflect the light of the sun of our nation's creation and civilization.
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Introduction to Marco Polo Bridge
The Marco Polo Bridge Scenic Area is located in Fengtai District, southwest of Beijing. The Marco Polo Bridge and Wanping City in the scenic area are not only famous monuments, but also important commemorative sites of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japan. In 1987, a new Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall was built here. The Marco Polo Bridge was built in the Jin Dynasty and got its name because it spans the Marco Polo River (today's Yongding River). It is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing.
The construction of Marco Polo Bridge is closely related to the rise of Beijing. During the Jin Dynasty, when the Central Capital was built, Beijing gradually emerged and became the political and cultural center of the country. Marco Polo Bridge is an important passage connecting the small plains of Beijing and the great plains of North China. The Marco Polo Bridge is majestic. It is 266.5 meters long and 9.3 meters wide. It has 11 bridge openings and 10 bridge piers. The design of the bridge piers is very scientific. The side facing the water is built into a water tip. The tip is 4.5-5.2 meters long. Triangular iron-clad columns are installed vertically at the tip. , to slow down the impact of water flow and break the ice rows flowing through during the early spring thaw, commonly known as the "dragon-slaying sword". Marco Polo Bridge is beautifully decorated. The pillars of the bridge are decorated with stone lions and the railings are decorated with patterns. The stone lions are a unique feature of Marco Polo Bridge, and are commonly known as "the lions of Marco Polo Bridge are countless" to describe their large number. The total number of lions is around 500. There are a pair of stone lions and a pair of stone elephants at the east and west bridge ends respectively. There are four Chinese watches at the west bridge. The four stone steles at both ends of the bridge are the monument for the reconstruction of the Marco Polo Bridge in the seventh year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1668), the monument for the reconstruction of the Marco Polo Bridge in the fiftieth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1785), the monument of "Lugou Dawn Moon" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the monument of Qianlong's inspection of the Yongding River poems. It has been more than 800 years since the Marco Polo Bridge was built and its reputation has spread far and wide. "Lugou Xiaoyue" is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing designated by Emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo came here and called the Marco Polo Bridge "the best and unique bridge in the world." In modern times, due to the "July 7th Incident" that broke out here, it became an important memorial place for the entire nation's Anti-Japanese War.