Part I: What are the words of Huizhou cultural tour guides
used for? China traditional culture tribe? Huizhou, which used to have six counties under its jurisdiction, namely Yi, Ji, Xiuning, Wuyuan, Qimen and Jixi, has a long history, so it is full of ancient flavor, and even the selection of its place names shows a heavy and strong historical and cultural significance.
from the perspective of historical evolution, Huizhou's hometown is located in the front of the county, and the county (or state or government) is located in the back, so let's talk about the origin of the place names of the six counties here. Yi county was founded during the reign of Qin Shihuang, and its name was related to Huangshan Mountain. Because the granite mountain of Huangshan Mountain was dark and pale, it was called Sihan Mountain before and after the Qin Dynasty, and the county was located in the south of it, so it was named Sihan County. When Sun Wu of the Three Kingdoms was in power, Si Yi became Zhi Mountain [Note: It was not until the sixth year of Tang Tianbao, that is, in 747 AD, that Tang Xuanzong, who believed in Taoism, changed Zhi Mountain to Huangshan Mountain before retiring his name].
The name of Shexian County, which also originated in Qin Shihuang's time, was associated with Xiushui. It comes from? Hey? , which means the confluence of water. At the confluence of Jian Jiang (Xin 'anjiang) and Lianjiang in Xiongcun, Shexian County, there is an ancient place name called Xupu, and Qin Shihuang set up a county in this boundary, hence the name Shexian County. Xiuning County is named Lingniao Mountain near the county seat. The mountain was once called Stork Mountain (now called Phoenix Mountain). In 28 AD, Sun Wu's regime was once located in its southern county, called Stork County, which was simplified to Xiuyang County in a short time. Later, in 598 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty renamed it Xiuning County. The name of Wuyuan County is predestined friends with the water system. There is a river called Wujiang River flowing in the county. According to Wuyuan County Records, it says: It is named after the source of water in Wuzhou. ? Wuyuan got its name from this. Qimen county came from two local places. According to the "Continued Literature General Examination", it says:? There are Qishan in the northeast and Changmen in the southwest of the county, which is the combined name of Qimen. ? Qimen? This comes from it. The name of Jixi County is closely related to the river. According to the "Yuanhe County Records", it says: In its county? In the north, Ruxi and Huixi are separated from each other and flow together, leaving and compounding, which is like a great achievement. ?
as for? Huizhou? According to Song Shu? Geography "contains:? In the third year of Xuanhe (AD 1121), she changed her name to Huizhou. ? Throughout the ages, there are different opinions about the source of its place names. Among them, there are two kinds of names because of geographical factors and semantic factors:
In terms of geographical factors, one is due to the name of mountains and rivers, and the other is due to the name of places, all of which are similar to or similar to the names of the six counties mentioned above. ? Say in the name of landscape? Huizhou was named after the existence of Huiling and Huixi in Jixi County. Since it was first published in Luo Yuan's Xin 'an Annals in the Southern Song Dynasty, this traditional view has been used in the chronicles of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as the Qing Hongli (Emperor Qianlong)' s Huizhou Prefecture Annals' cloud:? Gai county has Hui Ling and Hui Xi, and Yang Zhi's water comes out. What do you think? ; ? The name of the place? Because there is another one in Jixi County? Dahui village? Huizhou obtained this, which is held in Taiping Guangji and Huizhou Fuzhi.
In terms of semantic factors, there are also two explanations: First,? Emblem? Does the word contain? Rope, binding, imprisonment, binding, restraint? Wait for meaning. Second,? Emblem? Words also have a beautiful meaning. For the former explanation, Yang Xiong in the Han Dynasty has a cloud in "Jiechao":? Emblems are used to correct mistakes, and axes are used to make them? . Interpretation of Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Emblem? Correcting the rope? . Emblem rope means the rope that binds prisoners. So the rulers of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties clamored for publicity? Deism? Fan Zhen is suitable for people? Put it on the emblem, and it will help to rectify the national code. ? Among them, the emblem is the same as the rope, the difference is that the rope made of two strands is called the rope, while the rope made of three strands is called? Emblem? .
interestingly, in the Song Dynasty, it was stipulated that the only articles that were presented to the imperial court in Zhangzhou were white bamboo and Chengxin hall paper. That white bamboo is the raw material for knotting rope. There is such a coincidence in history. Of course, the emblem can also be used as a verb. Liu Liang once commented in the Tang Dynasty:? Emblem, department also? , which means to bind. In fact, the ruler of the Northern Song Dynasty changed the emblem to the name of the state, which was related to a major historical event that happened at that time. In October of the second year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, Fang La, a native of, rallied in Qingxi Village, a German army in Muzhou, which is adjacent to Zhangzhou. In December, he led the rebel army to capture Zhangzhou. Not long Lien Chan Raiders: Fifty-two Counties in Six Southeast States. The Zhao and Song Dynasties sent Tong Guan to command the imperial army and Qin Jin's 15, soldiers to encircle and suppress it, which lasted for one year. Eight thousand for killing thieves? By April of the following year, the war was quelled.
in may, the imperial court decreed that she was changed to Huizhou, and at the same time, the German army in Muzhou was changed to Yan Zhou Sui An Army. The meaning of this move is obvious. It is a system that the imperial court firmly binds and strictly controls the people who instigated the peasant uprising, which shows the mentality that Song Huizong and his officials are afraid of the Fang La insurgents. It can be seen that Huizhou is more credible in its historical basis because of its name. For the latter explanation, the Qing Hongli's Huizhou Fuzhi records:? Or cloud: emblem is beautiful, so it is named. ? Although some people think that this explanation is far-fetched, the reason is that when the name was changed, it happened at the beginning of the war, and the rulers were just frightened. In the eyes of Song Huizong and his officials, it seems that Fang La appeared here? The first evil place? What is the beauty? However, if we look at it in a positive and good way, people would rather be willing to put it? Emblem? The word is interpreted as beautiful, because Huizhou, after all, is beautiful and beautiful, and Liang Wudi praised it in the Southern Dynasties? Xin' an great landscape? Zhu Xi, a giant in the ideological and cultural circles of the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote a question? Xin' an great rivers and mountains? Six characters, and Tang Xianzu, a great dramatist in Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem:? If you want to know gold and silver, you should swim from yellow and white; I have never dreamed of Huizhou in my life. ? Aren't these all strong evidences?
chapter 2: Huizhou cultural tour guide words
Huizhou has been learning since ancient times, and has produced many famous scholars and scholars, as well as many academies, such as? Nanhu Academy? 、? Ziyang Academy? 、? Zhushan academy? .
Nanhu Academy: Located on the north bank of Nanhu Lake in Hongcun, yi county, also known as "Yi Wen Jia Shu", it was built in the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty and changed to Nanhu Primary School in the Republic of China. The Academy consists of six parts: Zhidao Hall, Wenchang Pavilion, Enlightenment Pavilion, Huiwen Pavilion, Wanghu Building and Gion Garden. There is also a courtyard and playground, covering an area of 1 hectare.
Nanhu Academy is surrounded by a lake and clear water, with a garden rockery built in the courtyard and a century-old cypress on the playground. The original golden plaque of the Academy was written by Liang Tongshu, a famous calligrapher and lecturer at the Imperial Academy of Qing Dynasty, at the age of 93. On the west side, there is a roll of "Wanghu Building" with a shed roof, and the words "Lake and Mountain Scenery" are hung on it, which was inscribed by Yin Fu, a native of Qing Dynasty and then a magistrate of Yi County, and it is still intact today. Climbing to the top of the building, you can see all the mountains and lakes. Wang Daxie, a former state minister of the Republic of China, was enlightened here.
? Ziyang Academy? : Located in the south of Pingshan, Shexian County. In the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (179), Cao Wenzhi, a local citizen, proposed to rebuild it. There are nearly 18 square meters of buildings, which have been used until the late Qing Dynasty. At present, the original pattern is basically preserved, with Zhuzi Hall, Daozhi House, Deyi House, Yiren House, Recreation House and Wengong Well. In Zhuzi Hall, there are imperial books of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty? Learn to believe in heaven? Plaque and dry dragon emperor imperial book? The immortal master? Written by Cheng Yaotian in the 55th year of Qianlong? Ancient Ziyang Academy Rules? Stone carving. The southeast aisle was inscribed by Cao Wenzhi? Gu Ziyang Academy? Shimenfang is still well preserved.
zhushan academy is located in Xiong village, Shexian county. Cao Hanping was built during the reign of Qing Qianlong, with a building area of 1,13 square meters. There is an empty field at the gate, with Taohuaba at the side of the field and Zhejiang under the dam. The door of the main hall is the front porch, and the well is the back hall with three bays the next day. There is a side door on the right corridor, which leads to the inner courtyard. There are classrooms as well as Mr. Wang's study, accommodation and activity rooms. There are small yards and flower beds in the middle. At the end of the corridor, there is a garden. Qing kuangxuan? , is a small classical garden. At that time, the Cao clan made an appointment: Can one of the children raise a laurel plant in the court? , so it is also called osmanthus hall. Is there a poet Cao Xueshi in Qianlong? Qing Kuang Fu? Screen, calligrapher Zheng Lai's? What is the income? Small seal plaque, and engraving Yan Shu? Mountain sky? Stone carving. The northeast corner of the garden is Wenchang Pavilion, built on a high platform with an octagonal plane, commonly known as? Octagonal pavilion? . Attic pyramidal roof, gourd-shaped tin roof silver. The ends of the eight vertical ridges are tilted, and the golden finch bells are hung under the corners. Hanging under the eaves of the south building? Lingyun through the day? Four-character gold plaque. The algae wells and beams in the building are brightly painted. Originally offered to Wenchang Bodhisattva.
Chapter III: Huizhou Cultural Tour Guide Words
During the 79 years from the third year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1121) to the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1911), except for the ten years from the seventeenth year of Yuan Dynasty to the twenty-seventh year of Zhengzheng (1357), the other periods were called Huizhou (Song Dynasty) and Huizhou (Song Dynasty) because of dynasty changes. Huizhou? The name has been used for 78 years.
in the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government was abandoned and the county was left. Huizhou? One was abolished until the establishment of the Huizhou District Administrative Inspector's Office (hereinafter referred to as Huizhou District) in May 1949. However, due to the change of jurisdiction (Wuyuan, one of the six counties in Huizhou, belongs to Jiangxi), its meaning has been different from that in history. Huizhou? That is? Ancient Huizhou? There's a difference.
One government and six counties is a regional concept, and the government governs Shexian, and the six counties are Shexian, yi county, Wuyuan, Xiuning, Qimen and Jixi, which belong to the old Huizhou government. For nearly 78 years, these six counties have been steadily subordinate to ancient Huizhou, which is rare in the history of China. And? Huizhou culture? It refers to the culture carried by the land of six ancient counties in Huizhou and created by the sages of the six counties and the people. Huizhou culture is not only material, such as Huizhou architecture and Huizhou cuisine, but also spiritual, such as Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism, Huizhou opera and Huizhou dialect.
the main contents of Huizhou culture are: Huizhou land system, Huizhou merchants, Huizhou clans, Huizhou historical celebrities, Huizhou education, Huizhou science and technology, Xin' an Neo-Confucianism, Xin' an medicine, Huizhou school's simple learning, Huizhou opera, Xin' an painting school, Huizhou school's seal cutting, Huizhou school's prints, Huizhou crafts, Huizhou carvings, Huizhou documents, Huizhou school's architecture, Huizhou villages, Huizhou folk customs and Huizhou dialects. It involves Huizhou's economy, society, education, academics, literature, art, technology, architecture, medicine and other disciplines. Everything related to Huizhou's social and historical development belongs to Huizhou culture. Usually, we use? The sum of material civilization and spiritual civilization? To summarize.
in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), jiangnan province was officially revoked and divided into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Anhui is called Anhui because there is Anqing in the north and Huizhou in the south, taking the first word of the two places. Huizhou, in 222 BC, had two counties, Shexian and yi county, which were more prosperous in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huizhou culture, with its broad and profound connotation, is increasingly favored by the social science community, but also attracted the attention of the economic community. Cultural circles have held many national seminars and international seminars on Huizhou studies, and experts and scholars from all over the world actively participated in the seminars, showing high enthusiasm. An old Huizhou researcher said, "I joined Huizhou nationality thirty years ago. Some professors and experts devoted almost their whole lives to Huizhou studies. A local culture can attract such attention at home and abroad, which shows the importance and value of its existence. Studying Huizhou culture is of great significance for carrying forward Chinese traditional culture and promoting local economic and social development.