1. Origin of the surname
The surname Rao (Ráo Rao) has three origins:
1. It comes from the surname Jiang, which is named after the feudal city. According to "Surname Dialectics", during the Warring States Period, King Mouxiang of Zhao State granted the title of Lord of Chang'an to Rao (today's Raoyang area in Hebei Province). The descendants of Lord Chang'an took their ancestral fiefdom as their surname and were called Rao.
2. It also comes from the surname Jiang, and is also named after the feudal city. According to "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books", during the Warring States Period, a senior official from the State of Qi was granted the title of Yurao (in today's Qingzhou City, Shandong Province). His descendants took the surname of the town and called it Rao. Prominent families come from Pingyang and Linchuan.
3. From the surname Gui, a descendant of Emperor Shun, named after the country. Emperor Shun's original surname was Yao, and he got the surname Gui because he lived in Guirui. The main surnames of Emperor Shun's line have gone through many changes, with Shangjun and Yu Sui being Zhengshuo in the Xia and Shang dynasties. According to the "Source of Surnames": "After Yao and Shun, the descendants of Shun took Rao as their tribal name and later as their surname." According to "A Study of Hundred Family Surnames", in the Shang Dynasty, a branch of Shang Jun was granted the title of Rao country, its descendants took the name of the country as their surname, also known as the Rao family.
The ancestor of the surname: Shang Jun. There are three theories about the origin of the Rao family name. The first theory is that the original birthplace of the Rao family was Raoyang in ancient times. Raoyang was a town in the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. According to the records of "Zhao Family" in "Historical Records", in the sixth year of King Xiang's reign, the place Rao was granted to Lord Chang'an. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty unified the world and implemented the county system, Raoyang was renamed Raoyang County. It is now Raoyang County, Hebei Province. The Rao family was born in Raoyang, Hebei Province. The second theory is that according to the book "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames", the surname Rao comes from the surname Jiang. During the Warring States Period, a Qi official lived in Raoyi, which is located in what is now Qingzhou, Shandong Province. His descendants took Yi as their surname. , called the Rao family, a prominent family from Pingyang and Linchuan. The third theory is that according to the records in "A Study of Hundred Family Surnames", the Rao family comes from the surname Gui. Shang Jun's branch was granted the title of Rao, and the descendants took the country as their surname, also known as the Rao family. Therefore, the Rao family in my country has a surname history of at least 2,200 years, and it is an ancient surname. The famous family lived in Pingyang County, which is southwest of Linfen County, Shanxi Province today. The descendants of the Rao family are all the ancestors of the surname Rao.
2. Migration Distribution
The surname Rao is not among the top 100 surnames in both mainland China and Taiwan. The original birthplace of the Rao family was Raoyang in ancient times. Speaking of Raoyang, it has a long history. It was a town in the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. There is a record in the "Zhao Family" in "Historical Records": "In the sixth year of mourning for King Xiang, he granted the title of Lord Chang'an to Rao". When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty unified the world and implemented the system of prefectures and states, he changed Raoyi into Raoyang County, which remains today. Now, this place is a county in Hebei Province. The origin of the Rao family in Raoyang, Hebei Province is clearly stated in the book "Surname Dialectics". The book points out: "During the Warring States Period, there were those who gathered food in Rao, and their descendants took the cities as their surnames, Pingyang and Linchuan." However, "A Study of Hundred Family Surnames" says: "The surname was derived from Gui, and the Shang Jun branch was granted the title of Rao, and later took the country as his surname." In other words, the family with the surname of Rao has a history of obtaining the surname for at least 2,200 years. It's a very old family. Coincidentally, the Rao family, which originated in Raoyang, Hebei Province, later prospered in Raozhou, Jiangxi Province, so that people often mistakenly think that the Rao family was born and raised in Raozhou. This is really an interesting development process for the Rao family. The Rao family took Jiangxi as its reproduction center as early as the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a Jinshi and an official named Rao Tingzhi who was the general magistrate of Dengzhou. He was a native of Nancheng, Jiangxi Province. Since then, there have been countless people with the surname Rao who have become prominent in Jiangxi. Rao Lu, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, is the most obvious example. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Rao family had also moved south to Fujian and Guangdong. Regarding their migration to the south, the following documents can be used to explain - "The Rao family of Shixing Pingyang Hall rebuilt the genealogy": Their ancestor Yuan Liang... was a Poyang native of Rao for generations... served as Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty (780-804) , lived in Nancheng (Guangxin Prefecture) in the late years... gave birth to five sons... and was later destroyed by war, and his migration was unpredictable, so it is impossible to list them all." "Chongzheng Tongren Genealogy Rao Family Article": "At the end of the Song Dynasty, there was a member of his clan named Shilang who lived in Yongfeng for a long time. , his father was an official in Tingzhou, Fujian Province. When the Ding Dynasty changed, his family was in Bajiaolou, Ting, and Shilang moved back to Shenquan Township, Chaozhou, which is now Dabu. "From this, we can know that the Rao family, which has been extremely prosperous in Fujian and Guangdong in recent years, also migrated from Jiangxi. They went from Jiangxi to Fujian to Guangdong, and multiplied in Shaowu and Shaxian counties in Fujian to become local famous surnames. .
During the Song Dynasty, the prosperity of the Rao family in Shaowu and Shaxian, Fujian, as well as the deeds of Rao Qian and Rao Song, can be explained - Rao Qian was a Shaowu native at that time. He became a Jinshi during the Chunxi period and became a magistrate. Changsha County has outstanding achievements in governance. Rao Song is the famous Taoist Youzhen Heavenly Master. He is from Shaxian County. It is said that when he was young, he went to the mountains to collect wood, met a strange person, learned magical powers, and finally sat in the neighboring country. Mountain has become one of the many gods in China. In addition to Linchuan, the Rao family is also very prosperous in other places in Jiangxi, such as Rao Yannian and Rao Ying's descendants and descendants of Chongren in the Song Dynasty; Rao Bingyu, the supervisor of Guangchang in the Ming Dynasty, brothers Rao Wei and Rao Shen of Jinxian, and Nancheng's brothers Rao Li and others are all very famous figures (Yulue).
3. Historical celebrities
Rao Wei: A native of Shandong in the Han Dynasty, he was worshiped as the prefect of Luyin. He benefited from government and won the hearts of officials and people.
Rao Jing: A native of Zishui, Shandong during the Five Dynasties period, he was a general under Qian Liu of Wuyue and had many defensive achievements.
Rao Jie: An eminent monk in the Song Dynasty. Gua Xi Lingyin, in his later years presided over Tianning Temple in Xiangyang. There is "Collection of the Old Man Yisong". Lu You called him "the number one poet monk".
Rao Lu: A great scholar in the Song Dynasty. He is the famous "Mr. Shuangfeng". He is a native of Jiangxi Province. He is a scholar of refined tastes and devotes himself to the sacred studies. He is the foundation of knowledge and practice. He hires speakers from all over the world. He once built a "Penglai Pavilion" to house scholars. The spring breeze turned into rain and spread all over the country. The world.
Rao Jie: a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty who died in the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (1367). His courtesy name is Jie Zhi, who calls himself Huagai Shanqiao, also known as Drunken Old Man. A native of Linchuan (now Fuzhou), Jiangxi Province. It was active in the Yuan Zhizheng period (1341-1368). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he was sent from the Imperial Academy to serve as the official of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. When Zhang Shicheng lived in Wu, he served as the governor of Huainan and participated in political affairs. He is good at poetry and calligraphy, and his calligraphy masters Zhang Xu and Huai Su are as good as the "two kings". They are elegant and unrestrained, round and smooth, and beautiful and colorful. The calligrapher Song Ke of the Ming Dynasty came out of his sect. Li Rihua's "Liu Yan Zhai Notes" commented on his book as "round, vigorous and smooth, and the gods are chasing orders (Wang Xianzhi)". His calligraphy includes "Miscellaneous Poems", "Qin Zhen Tie", "Imitation of Four Family Scripts", etc. There is "The Collection of Youcheng". "Zhongfeng Huanxiu Image Gatha Volume" is also known as "A Gift to the Monk Huanli Poetic Notes". It was written in the twenty-fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1365), with ink on paper and cursive script. The length is 26.3 cm and the width is 109.1 cm. Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei. Recorded in "The Third Collection of Shiqu Baoji". From this work, we can see that Rao Jie is a calligrapher who greatly admires Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy style. In his calligraphy works, he inherited the neat, beautiful and charming calligraphy style of the Five Dynasties, and also infiltrated his own emotional color. Incorporating Huaisu's brushwork makes his works free and easy without losing rules. The lines and lines of this poem are mixed together, with clear energy, round sharpness, and smooth Qi pulse. Hearing the Zazhangcao, it adds an ancient flavor; it is uneven and random, the characters are restrained, the writing is vertical, it is concentrated and far-sighted, and it can be called a masterpiece. Rao Jie's calligraphy was taught to Song Ke in the early Ming Dynasty. From this painting, we can already see the foreshadowing of Song Ke's calligraphy. The style of writing is very similar.
Rao Xuan: Scholar of the Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he liked to ride horses and test swords. In his weak years, he studied astrology, arithmetic, mountain scriptures and geographical records, and the books of nine schools of thought. There is a method for Wen Junjie.
Rao Wei, Rao Shen: People from Raozhou, Jiangxi Province. In the court of Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli period, they also had high official positions and generous salaries, and became famous and showed their relatives. Rao was promoted to the right minister of the Ministry of Industry, and Rao Shenzhen was the minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He compiled more than 600 volumes of the vast "Xuehai". It is said that their mother lived to be a hundred years old, and the two brothers successively served as ministers. The return of nourishment is the end of glory.
Rao Li: A native of Nancheng, Raozhou, Jiangxi Province, he was a famous official during the Yongle period of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. He successively served as the censor of Zhejiang Province and the political envoy of Zuobu in Henan. He was tolerant in politics and deeply loved by the people.
Rao Qin: A native of Qimen, Anhui Province in the Ming Dynasty, he was also a good official in the Tianshun period who was just introduced to the Qing Dynasty and the folk customs changed.
Rao Yannian: Scholar of Song Dynasty. As Lu Jiuyuan's disciple, Lu Jiuyuan praised him for being broad-minded. Famous for his study of classics, he lives in seclusion and does not serve as an official. He despises wealth and loves righteousness, and is virtuous among the people in his hometown.
Rao Ziyi: Scholar of Song Dynasty. He once received scriptures from Hu Yuan and was tireless in learning. Du Men wrote books, and Wang Anshi wrote many reviews and recommended them, but he was not an official. During the Spring and Autumn Period of his life, he devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics and was very strict in the distinction between rationality and desire. He tried to expose the teachings of sages and sages on the porch to warn himself. In his later years, he moved to the side of his father's tomb. At that time, he and his disciples would wander in the wilderness, dissecting theories and singing songs slowly. Leisurely and contented.
Rao Zhichu: A native of Guangji, Hubei Province in the Ming Dynasty. When he came out of Zhimeng County, he was a good official who asked about the people's sufferings.
Rao Jingcheng: A native of Puqi, Hubei Province in the Ming Dynasty. When he came out of Binzhou, he annihilated the Bazhai Yao thieves who were harming the place at that time.
Rao Tianmin: A native of Zhongshushe in the Ming Dynasty. Jiajing Jinshi, official to Henan Province censor. Impeachment of Guo Xun, discussion of Hetao, search for Su Song, memorial of justice. Named Censor.
Rao Zhenyuan: A native of Jingde, Anhui Province in the Ming Dynasty, he not only served as the magistrate of Mianzhou during the Wanli period, but was also a very accomplished calligrapher. Xiaomi, the painter, is known as "leisure and pure".
Rao Tingxuan: courtesy name Meichen, a native of Fujian. To rise to the rank of Qianzong. During Daoguang's reign, he made great achievements in suppressing Taiwan and improved the defense. Dou Zhenbiao, the admiral of the Navy, went abroad to capture pirates and promoted Zhangzhou Yingdusi. He moved to guerrillas and controlled bandits without any involvement, which won the hearts of the people. In the third year of Xianfeng's reign, he went to Chaozhou to order peace and order and armed fighting. However, the Chaozhou bandits attacked Zhangzhou and ambushed troops in the city, killing everyone in the town. When the imperial election heard about the change, he rushed back from time to time and called on more than a thousand villagers, and the city people responded. The thief escapes and returns to the big place. Tingxuan led the township regiment to defend the area, fought repeatedly to defeat the thieves, and captured the leader of the thieves, Xie Hou, etc., and then he was assigned to the general army of Zhangzhou Town. Suppress externally and pacify internally, and peace will begin every year. Governor Wang Yide recommended that his talents could be put to great use. Four years later, he was awarded the title of Commander-in-Chief of Anyi Town, Guizhou Province, and was appointed as the Admiral of Fujian Land Road. In the fifth year, the Guangdong bandits fell into Guangxin and Zhejiang was under martial law. Tingxuan went to help and suppressed Quzhou. Looking for the Chu army to conquer Guangxin, the thieves knew that Zhejiang was well prepared and went to Huizhou. In the sixth year, the bandit chief Yang Fuqing restored his plans to Guangxin to harass Zhejiang. There were only a few hundred soldiers in Guangxin, and the prefect Shen Baozhen wrote a letter asking for help. The imperial court selected Fang to station at Jiayu Mountain, saying: "If the thieves gain access to Guangxin, Yushan will not be defended, and Zhejiang will be in danger." As the rains increased, they sailed quickly to Guangxin. The thieves have arrived at Taiping Bridge in the west of the city. At first they found out that there were no soldiers in the city, and when they saw the flag, the thieves tried to steal their energy. There are only more than a thousand people in the imperial selection department, and they often make surprise attacks on thieves. Now that the thieves have arrived, the generals Bi Dingbang and Lai Gaoxiang are both brave and offer a plan: "The thieves don't know my true and false situation now. If I can fight, there will be a large army in the back. If I retreat a little, the thieves will chase me and they will kill me. I must fight to the death immediately." "The court chose his words and attacked the city tomorrow, from morning to dusk, destroying its long siege and making a great noise in the army. Two days later, the thief was lured away and given the name Xilinbatulu. The officials of Fujian and Zhejiang and the governor of Jiangxi did not hesitate, and called on the imperial court to return to the army to protect Zhejiang as soon as possible. The Imperial Court was selected to receive the defense troops before proceeding, and the people believed in him and believed in his righteousness.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Pingyang County: established by the Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, and was governed in Pingyang (southwest of Linfen County, Shanxi Province today) .
Linchuan County: Settled by Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, it was located southeast of Nancheng in present-day Jiangxi Province; it was moved to the west of Fuzhou City in present-day Jiangxi Province in the Western Jin Dynasty.
2. Hall number
Huifeng Hall: Huifeng is the spring breeze, warm and pleasant. During the Han Dynasty, Rao Wei was the governor of Luyang. He promoted administrative affairs like a warm spring breeze and won the hearts of the people.
Penglai Hall: Confucius said: "Wouldn't it be a pleasure to have friends come from afar?" During the Song Dynasty, Rao Lu had a correct temper and cautious behavior, and paid attention to practice in learning. Others recommended him to become an official many times, but they all declined. People from all over come to hire him to give lectures every day. He specially built a "Peng Lai Pavilion" to entertain people who came to study with him from afar.
In addition, the main hall names of the Rao surname are: "Pingyang Hall", "Linchuan Hall", etc.
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Universal couplets for Rao’s ancestral temple
〖Four-character universal couplets for Rao’s ancestral temple〗
< p>Rao Yiqi's surname;Pingyang Clan Yue.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Rao
The whole couplet refers to the origin and county hope of the surname Rao (see the headings "1. Origin and Origin of the Surname" and "4. Prefecture Hope" "Tanghao" introduction).
Linchuan Shaomei;
Shao Wu Chuan Sutra.
——Anonymous author Rao Ancestral Hall Universal Couplet
Guide to the Shangliancan Rao Jie, courtesy name Decao, a native of Linchuan, Fuzhou, Song Dynasty. Zhong had a disagreement with Zeng Bu, so he became a monk and changed his name to Rubi. First in Lingyin Temple, and then in charge of Tianning Temple in Xiangyang, he once wrote a verse: "I carry scriptures and lean on the pines. Where do the guests come from?" 》. Lu You called him "the number one poet monk at that time". Xialiandian guides Rao Qian, a martial artist from Shao in the Song Dynasty, named Ting Lao. He was a Jinshi during the Chunxi period and the official was the magistrate of Sha County. It happened that Zhu Xi was serving as the prefect of Changsha, so he paid close attention to official affairs and went to listen to Zhu Xi's lectures when he had time. Later I learned about the Huai'an Army.
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〖Five-Character Universal Couplet of Rao Ancestral Hall〗
Hebei has a long history;< /p>
Pingyang Shize Chang.
——The universal couplet of the ancestral hall of the Rao family written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the universal couplet of the "Pingyang Hall" of the ancestral hall of the Rao family.
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〖The Six-Character Universal Couplet of Rao’s Ancestral Hall〗
To commemorate the cold weather of the year Fierce;
Zhengfu Chunrihe.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Rao written by an anonymous person
The upper couplet refers to Rao Tingxuan, a native of Min County in the Qing Dynasty, named Meichen. He was stationed in Taiwan with the army during the Daoguang period, and later served as a guerrilla in Zhangzhou and Xianfeng. During that time, he was promoted to the rank of general soldier and participated in the resistance against the Taiping Army. Xia Lian Dian refers to the people of the Western Han Dynasty who were powerful and the official was the prefect of Luyin. They often benefited from government affairs and were very popular among the people.
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〖Seven-character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall of the Rao Surname〗
Lake wealth and love righteousness. Elder;
The number one monk who chants poems by hanging on tin.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Rao written by an anonymous person
The upper couplet refers to the Song Dynasty scholar Rao Yannian, whose courtesy name was Boyong and whose name was Zhiweng. He respected benevolent people and his home was in Linchuan. When visiting Lu Jiuyuan's gate, Jiuyuan said that he was "open and powerful", and he was known for his Confucian classics. He lives in seclusion and is not an official. He cares about wealth but loves righteousness. He is a virtuous countryman. After his death, Wei Liaoweng inscribed his inscription: "There is the tomb of Rao Zhiweng, an elder of the Song Dynasty." Xia Lian Dian refers to Rao Jie, an eminent monk from the Song Dynasty, whose courtesy name was De Cao and a native of Fuzhou. Hanging Xi Lingyin, the late master of Xiangxu's Tianning Temple. There is "Collection of the Old Man Yisong". Lu You called him "the number one poet monk" at that time.
The official name of Zoubiaojie is Censor;
Mr. Wen Junjie.
——Anonymous author Rao's ancestral hall common couplet
The first couplet indicates that Rao Tianmin, a member of Zhongshushe in the dynasty, was named Mingxian and was a native of Chongyang. Jiajing Jinshi, official to Henan Road censor. He impeached Guo Xun, discussed the Hetao, searched for Su Song, memorialized the righteousness of the festival, worshiped Wen Tianxiang and Wu Taibo, and controlled the waters of Dianshan and Wuqi, and was named Yushi. The lower couplet refers to the contemporary scholar Rao Xuan, whose courtesy name was Wenbi, whose name was Xingzhai, and who was born in Linchuan. When he was young, he liked to ride horses and test swords. In his weak years, he studied astrology, arithmetic, mountain scriptures and geographical records, and the books of nine schools of thought. Scholars call him Mr. Xingzhai because of his literary and artistic style.
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〖Common couplets of more than seven words in the ancestral hall of the surname Rao〗
Food and clothing , spring brings longevity;
Yao, Tian and Shunyu, the sea feasted and the river was clear.
——Anonymous written couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Rao
This couplet is an analytical couplet with the character "Rao" of the surname Rao inlaid with a crane top pattern.
Shuangfeng is not an official, but he is dedicated to learning;
At the age of nine, he can write poems and practice scriptures.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Rao written by an anonymous person
The first couplet refers to Rao Lu, Shuangfeng in the Song Dynasty, who was an expert in academics and was repeatedly recommended as an official. Xia Lian Dian refers to the fact that Rao Ziyi of the Song Dynasty was able to write poems at the age of nine and was known to the court for practicing Ming Sutra.
Academic proficiency is the mantle of the twin peaks of beauty;
Poetry is handsome, and virtue is the chant of admiration.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Rao written by an anonymous person
The Shangliandian refers to the Song Dynasty scholar Rao Lu, whose courtesy name was Boyu, whose first name was Zhongyuan, and who was born in Yugan. He tried to take the exam but failed, so he concentrated on the Holy Emperor, so that his knowledge and ability were the basis of his conduct. He hired lecturers from all over the world and made friends and came to the library to live as a scholar. It is also called Shidong Academy. There are two peaks in front of it, so it is called Shuangfeng. There are many kinds such as "Lectures on the Five Classics" and "Three Pictures of Tai Chi". The lower couplet refers to the eminent monk Rao Jie Shidian of the Song Dynasty (see the explanation of the first couplet of the upper seven-character couplet "The No. 1 Monk Hanging Tin and Reciting Poems").