You will know if you watch CCTV-10's "Hundred Schools Forum" at 12:45 noon tomorrow.
In the summer and autumn of 1939, after the Japanese army basically completed the "Three Rivers Crusade" and greatly annihilated the Second and Third Route Army of the Anti-Alliance in North Manchuria, they once again made up their mind to "dedicate the power of one country" to the army. Yang Jingyu and his First Route Army launched a major crusade and vowed to cut out the "cancer of public security in Manchuria".
The situation at this time was already very critical, and Yang Jingyu's troops were strategically facing a desperate situation. At the same time, the Kwantung Army Headquarters appointed the commander of the Changchun Independent Guards, and the Japanese Major General Masatori Nogata unified commanded the Japanese and puppet military police Xiante in Tonghua, Jilin, and Yanbian; The spy leader of the puppet Sanjiang Province, Beibu Kunxiong, was transferred to Nanman and served as the chief of staff of the deputy headquarters of the Wild Army. The Japanese chief Noki Shigesaku, who reduced all the mountainous villages outside the Hadong Five "group tribes" to scorched earth, was also transferred to the command of Nobo Changtoku. . In July 1939, a large number of Japanese and puppet troops were transferred from various parts of Northeast China to Southern Manchuria, occupying large and small towns and villages. In order to cut off the connection between the Anti-Japanese Alliance and the masses, the Japanese army conducted raids all over the mountains and plains, burning all the houses available for accommodation in the created "no man's land", and at the same time merged the "small group tribes" into the "big group tribes". The tribes had deep ditches and high forts, and were heavily guarded; they adopted the method of sitting together, "if one person is a bandit, the whole family will be beheaded; in the end, the rebel and surrender elements of the Anti-Union were used to form 11 "mountain forest guerrillas", and the "dog-lice tactics" were used to discover that the Anti-Union They pursued him in some provinces, cities and counties, especially when they found out that the troops directly under Yang Jingyu "clung to him" and used Cheng Bin, the former commander of the first division of the First Army, as the leader to form the "Cheng Bin Advance Team", with the backbone of it all. They were the 29 anti-alliance fighters who surrendered from the First Division of the First Army. Cheng Bin had been with Yang Jingyu since he entered South Manchuria to launch the anti-Japanese guerrilla war. He was familiar with the military deployment, activity patterns and rear areas of the First Army in South Manchuria. He knew very well about Yang Jingyu himself, and knew the general direction of Yang Jingyu's activities based on guesses. Cheng Bin's rebellion made the activities of the Anti-Alliance Army in South Manchuria no longer secret. It is said that all the military reserves in the rear base have been lost, and even the customary activities have to be changed.
In October, after the preliminary preparations, the "Wild Deputy Crusade" officially began in early October. The leaders of the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee and the First Army held a meeting in Toudaoliuhe in Huadian, Jilin. At the meeting, they analyzed the current severe situation and decided to break up the guerrillas into pieces to avoid being completely wiped out. After the meeting, Yang Jingyu led the guerrillas. The guard brigade went south to Huinan and Tonghua Changbai Mountain Forest Area to contain the enemy's main force; Wei Zhengmin led other troops directly under the headquarters to stay in Huadian and Dunhua. When the teams separated, the two held hands together and cherished each other. , Who knew this would be their farewell?
The winter in the Northeast has arrived. Yang Jingyu’s anti-alliance fighters have no winter clothes or food in the vast snowy plains. In order to survive, they have to attack the enemy’s heavily garrisoned tribes. . Only a small amount of food was found in the strongholds established at great cost. It turned out that the Japanese only asked the Chinese in the strongholds to store food for three days, and then went to the big strongholds to ask for it. At the same time, the target, the Japanese puppet army, was exposed. The troops immediately surrounded them, and fighting continued every day. The anti-alliance fighters suffered heavy casualties every day, especially when they encountered a large number of Japanese and puppet troops in Dabanshigouling at the junction of Linjiang and Jinchuan. Our army of about 400 people suffered heavy casualties. Yang Jingyu found that it was impossible for the guard brigade and the First Army to provide supplies and food together, so he discussed with the Commander of the First Army, Cao Yafan, and decided to separate their activities.
Yang Jingyu. The crisis of General Jingyu's life
The crisis of General Yang Jingyu's life began at this time. After breaking up with the First Army, he led the First Army Guard Brigade into the mountains and forests of Jinchuan, Huadian, and Mengjiang into 1940. After more than two months of fighting, the troops still had not been provided with supplies and winter clothing. Instead, they were beaten everywhere. People were without food, horses were without grass, and the wounded could not receive treatment. At this time, General Yang still had about 200 people with him.
On January 6, he encountered a large number of Japanese and puppet troops in Xigan, Mongolia. He decided to break out separately. Han Renhe, political commissar of the guard brigade, led more than 60 people to go north to Huadian to attract the main enemy force. Yang Jingyu led the rest of his troops to hide on the spot.
On January 15, Fang Zhensheng, the commander of the Guard Brigade, was arrested for informing a traitor while collecting supplies. He refused to surrender and was killed by the enemy.
On January 21, Ding Shoulong, the staff officer of the 1st Guard Brigade Regiment, was captured by the puppet Tonghua Provincial Police Brigade led by the traitor Shen Linshu in the south of Majiazi. He rebelled and surrendered to the enemy. Yang Jingyu’s hidden location and troop strength were all revealed. Was informed by the Japanese. This person was one of the important figures who caused General Yang to die for his country.
After hearing the report, Nobo Masandoku immediately mobilized the Japanese and puppet troops and the police brigade to attack more than 40,000 people, and sent several planes. The puppet Tonghua Provincial Police Department Chief Kishitani Ryuichiro took charge in Mengjiang. Commanded to implement an "iron wall encirclement" on Yang Jingyu's hidden mountainous area in the west of Mengjiang River. At the end of the month, our army encountered a large group of Japanese troops at Mabutu Mountain. During the fierce battle, our army suffered more than 70 casualties. After the breakout, Yang Jingyu lost contact with the Guard Brigade and the Young Tang Team. He was followed by only more than 60 people from the SWAT platoon.
On February 1, Special Guard platoon leader Zhang Xiufeng surrendered with confidential documents and a small number of soldiers. The enemy further learned Yang Jingyu's true identity, thus narrowing the scope of the roundup. Zhang Xiufeng was raised by Yang Jingyu when he was 15 years old. Yang trusted him very much, but he didn't expect that he would become a shameful traitor at this time! This person was also the second important figure who caused General Yang to die for his country.
On February 2, there were only about 20 people left around Yang Jingyu.
On February 10, under the relentless pursuit of the Japanese and puppet troops, there were only 12 soldiers left around Yang Jingyu.
On February 15, there were only 7 soldiers left. They ran out of food and support and fell into a desperate situation. This morning, Yang Jingyu and his soldiers, who were hiding in a mountain col northwest of Mengjiang Hardware Dingzi, were discovered again by the police brigade led by the traitor Cui Zhiwu. After learning about it, Ryuichiro Kishitani immediately sent the "Cheng Bin Advance Team", "Cui Zhoufeng Advance Team" and "Tang Zhendong Advance Team" to come together to participate in the so-called "final encirclement and suppression". Kishitani was still afraid that the ground would not be effective, so he specially mobilized a plane to keep an eye on Yang Jingyu from top to bottom. Wherever Yang went, the plane followed, and directed the target to the four pseudo police forces on the ground. Yang Jingyu and other seven people retreated while fighting, but by three o'clock in the afternoon they still had not gotten rid of the enemy. Later, they occupied a small high ground and sniped at the fastest "Cui Zhoufeng Advance Team" and "Cheng Bin Advance Team". The two teams of enemies combined totaled 600 people, but Yang Jingyu only had 7 people around him. Iteng, the Japanese deputy of the "Cui Zhoufeng Advance Team", shouted to Yang in Chinese, urging him to surrender. Yang Jingyu replied: "Okay, the condition is to stop shooting immediately and come up alone." The Japanese soldier Yi Teng believed it and walked towards Yang Jingyu while talking. Yang Jingyu fired two shots "pop" and "pop", and Yi Teng responded. Fall to the ground. When the traitor Cui Zhoufeng saw his Japanese master being knocked down, he was afraid that his head would not be safe in front of the Japanese army, so he led four or five puppet soldiers to jump up suddenly, yelling and swearing, and rushed towards General Jingyu's hiding place. General Yang shot him twice , Cui Zhoufeng's left leg bone was immediately broken. Taking advantage of the enemy's confusion, Yang Jingyu led 7 people to break out of the encirclement. At night, everyone was hungry, tired, and cold, so they had to huddle together to keep warm. He encouraged everyone: "Don't be discouraged. The enemy can't defeat us. Even if we are gone, there are still people who will inherit our cause." At night, the enemy found them again following their footprints in the snow. After a fierce battle, only 6 people were left, and 4 of them were wounded. General Yang Jingyu ordered the injured guard Huang Shengfa (who served as the deputy director of the Second Light Bureau of Jilin Province after liberation) to break out of the encirclement northward with three injured people and go to Denden for nourishment. He led two guards to continue southward in order to meet up with the Second Front Army. . The two remaining people around Yang Jingyu were guards Zhu Wenfan and Li Donghua (some say it was Nie Donghua, who was specially sent by the commander of the Second Army, Kim Il Sung, to protect Yang Jingyu).
Yang Jingyu’s last moments when he was hungry and cold
Although the enemy followed them desperately and even used the method of striking matches one by one to find footprints in the snow, they still lost him in the early morning of the 16th. Target. On this day and night, Yang Jingyu and his comrades showed amazing perseverance and dragged the pseudo police brigade of more than 600 people to their knees. More than 500 people were killed, injured, frostbitten and exhausted due to frostbite. In the end, only 500 people were left behind. Fifty or sixty people were sitting on the snow, catching their breath. Yang Jingyu, who was without food or clothing, escaped from the enemy's sight again.
Ryuichiro Kishitani was furious. After scolding Cheng Bin and others on the radio for their incompetence, he decided to cast a wider net again and patrol Yang Jingyu.
After winter, the troops often ran out of food. After breaking up with the guard brigade, Yang Jingyu and the soldiers around him did not get a grain of food. They could only feed themselves with grass roots, tree bark or blooms on their sleeves every day. The exposed cotton satisfies hunger. On the morning of February 18, guards Zhu Wenfan and Li Donghua were discovered while trying to approach a residential area near Dadonggou in the Mengjiang River. The Japanese puppet and spy search squads were dispatched urgently. The two men retreated while fighting, but were finally beaten by the enemy near the Hailong River. die. The enemy found Yang Jingyu's seal on them and concluded that Yang Jingyu was nearby. Ryuichiro Kishitani immediately ordered to narrow the encirclement, cut off the road, blockade the forest, and sent agents disguised into the mountains to collect firewood in search of Yang Jingyu. But four days passed and the enemy found nothing. The Japanese admitted in his later memoirs that he had exhausted all methods and still could not eliminate Yang Jingyu. At this time, he had developed a deep respect for Yang Jingyu and could not even believe that he could really capture Yang Jingyu this time.
At this time, General Yang Jingyu was alone. He had used perseverance and strong body to defeat the enemy again and again at the last moment of his life, but he could not defeat hunger and cold. At this time, the cotton shoes on his feet were in a ball, and they were tied up with a rope to keep them from falling apart. Zhongri was running in the snow, and his two big feet were frostbitten. Since the two guards had died, he had to get the food himself, and in doing so he had to be exposed. He knew the danger of being exposed. After many days of fierce fighting, his life force was about to be exhausted. He could no longer get rid of the enemy like he did with the "Cui Zhoufeng Advance Team" and "Cheng Bin Advance Team" on February 15. But if you are not exposed, you will freeze and starve to death in the ice and snow. Yang Jingyu made a choice. In order to get food and cotton shoes and find troops, he had to be exposed, but only to the Chinese people and buy food from them.
On the morning of February 22, Yang Jingyu met four villagers cutting firewood in the mountains five miles west of Baoan Village in Mengjiang County. They are: fake card chief Zhao Tingxi, villagers Sun Changchun, Xin Shunli, and Chi Deshun. Since the police in Diande, a residential area, did not allow the villagers who cut firewood to bring food down the mountain, Yang Jingyu had to beg them to go back and bring some food and cotton shoes, and promised to give them more money. The fake card leader Zhao Tingxi also advised him: "I think you should surrender. Now Manchukuo does not behead those who surrender." Yang Jingyu's reaction was really interesting. The other party had recognized him, and he did not deny it. He just said A Chinese said calmly to other Chinese: "I am Chinese and cannot do such a thing. If we Chinese all surrender, our China will be finished. We must respect our conscience." Zhao Tingxi No more words promised to go back and get him some food, and then broke up with Yang Jingyu.
On the way back, Zhao Tingxi met the hard-core traitor Li Zhengxin. Because he was afraid that the other three people would report their meeting with Yang Jingyu first and the whole family would be killed, they told Li Zhengxin about the matter. After hearing this, Li was overjoyed and immediately reported it to the Japanese police officer Nishitani of the puppet Mengjiang County Police Headquarters. After hearing the news, Nishitani immediately asked Zhao Tingxi to lead himself and a large number of Japanese and puppet military police officers to round up Yang Jingyu.
At four o'clock in the afternoon on February 23, Xigu's team discovered Yang Jingyu near the 703 level of Weizi on the third road of Mengjiang River. At this time, Yang Jingyu was hungry, cold, and suffering from injuries. Facing the sudden appearance of enemies, it is not difficult for future generations to imagine what he was thinking. The General's final moments arrived.
The family of the culprit who arrested the general committed suicide in Hebei Province
What we know today about General Yang’s last moments of life was recorded by his enemies. In the Japanese and puppet files, it is described that he behaved very calmly, while using two pistols to accurately shoot at the enemies surrounding him from all directions, while retreating to Hill 490. However, General Yang, who had not eaten for several days and nights, no longer had the strength to get rid of the enemy. Finally, he leaned behind a big tree and shot, less than 30 meters away from the enemy. Xigu once wanted to capture Yang Jingyu alive and kept shouting to persuade him to surrender, but the answer was only bullets. At the last moment of his life, General Jingyu asked sternly: "Who surrendered to the Anti-Japanese Alliance? Come out and I have something to say!" Several traitors were so frightened that they cowered aside and did not dare to say a word. After two Japanese policemen were shot dead, Nishitani realized that it was useless to persuade him to surrender and ordered the elimination of Yang Jingyu.
The final attack began. There were bullets from enemies on all sides. Yang Jingyu knocked down several enemies who were rushing forward. At the same time, he was shot in many places. He was shot in the left wrist and a pistol fell to the ground. He fought with a shell gun in his right hand, and was eventually shot in the chest and collapsed. A generation of anti-Japanese heroes died heroically for their country! The time was 4:30 pm on February 23, 1940.
Yang Jingyu was a figure that made the Japanese extremely awe-inspiring both during his life and after his death. It was long after he died that Xi Gu and others dared to approach him. At this time, the enemy hesitated again and could not believe that the deceased was the famous Yang Jingyu. Until Cheng Bin arrived, it was confirmed that this person was Yang Jingyu. According to a report by a reporter from the fake "Xiehe" magazine afterwards, when they heard that they had really killed Yang Jingyu, Nishitani and others "did not feel happy at all" but instead "wept bitterly." The enemy used a large truck to transport the general's body back to Mengjiang County, and ordered the traitor Cheng Bin's subordinate Zhang Xiruo to guillotin General Yang Jingyu's head, put it in a wooden box and sent it to Xinjing, the capital of the puppet Manchukuo. At the same time, Ryuichiro Kishitani really doesn't understand what kind of person Yang Jingyu is and what he relies on to survive these days. Full of awe, he asked Jin Yuanxiang, director of the County People's Hospital, to dissect Yang Jingyu's body. All the enemy saw in the hero's stomach were indigestible grass roots and cotton wadding. The Chinese nurses present could not help shedding tears. However, there is information that Ryuichiro Kishitani, the executioner whose hands were stained with the blood of the Chinese people, was "speechless for a day" after hearing the report. He looks much older inside." General Jingyu's body was abandoned in the deserted graves of Bao'an Village and buried in snow. Seven days after the incident, Wang Shihong, the police section chief of Mengjiang County, and Sang Wenhai, the captain of the police brigade, suddenly received a call from the provincial capital. Ryuichiro Kishitani asked urgently on the phone: Where is Commander Yang’s body? Then he ordered them to get up quickly, find someone to make a false head and put it on, and hold a "soul-comfort ceremony" grandly. Kishitani went on to say that during the past seven days, the commander of the crusade in southern Manchuria, General Yefu Changde, had nightmares every night and could not sleep well. He always dreamed of Commander Yang reaching out his big hand to ask for his head, and he always woke up with a headache. Therefore, we should quickly carve a false head for Commander Yang, bury him in a coffin, and invite all officials from the village chief and above to attend the "comfort for the soul" ceremony. At this order from the Japanese chief, the pseudo-officials went out together, bought coffins, set up a memorial shed, called in top-notch carpenters, and carved a false head overnight. Mr. Li Xianyang, a well-known local calligrapher, was invited to write the tombstone. They also sent soldiers who abandoned the body to dig through the snowdrifts and carry back the body of General Yang Jingyu. After everything was prepared, an exceptional memorial ceremony and body funeral were held at the place where the martyrs were martyred. He used Yang Jingyu's tenacity as an example to admonish his subordinates, and at the same time personally officiated and buried General Yang Jingyu. Later, the chief culprit who arrested and killed the general, Ryuichiro Kishitani, the police chief of Tonghua Province, on the eve of Japan's surrender, felt deeply that he could not escape the guilt of killing the Chinese national hero. A kind of guilt and fear for the Chinese people made him There was no peace all day long, and finally, the whole family committed suicide in Hebei Province.
The general’s head received another “courtesy” in Xinjing, the capital of the puppet Manchuria.
The general’s head received another “courtesy” in Xinjing, the capital of the puppet Manchuria. The Kwantung Army Headquarters put it in antiseptic fluid and kept it in the Puppet Manchukuo Military and Administrative Department. The Japanese, who were superstitious about Bushido, thought that if they killed Yang Jingyu and took control of his head, the entire Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces would collapse. To this end, they took photos of General Yang's head, printed them into leaflets, and distributed them everywhere. Airdrop from an airplane in deep mountains and dense forests.
Many soldiers of the First Army, which was heavily divided by the enemy, did not believe the news of the commander-in-chief's sacrifice. As for the Second Route Army in Jidong, the Third Route Army in Northern Manchuria knew that at the end of the 1940s they still believed that the leaflets dropped by the enemy were false rumors. It was not until Kim Il Sung led the remnants of the First Route Army to retreat into the Soviet Union and met with Feng Zhongyun, Zhou Baozhong, Li Zhaolin and others who had retreated to the Soviet Union, leaders of the Second and Third Route Army, that they believed that General Yang Jingyu had really died.
In order to avenge Yang Jingyu, various units of the First Army launched an almost crazy revenge on the Japanese army after Yang Jingyu's death. For a time, the pseudo-border defense stations and police stations in various strongholds in the Changbai Mountains were frequently attacked, but at the same time The target was also exposed.
On the one hand, Army Commander Cao Yafan deeply blamed himself for his failure to break through the Japanese encirclement and rescue Yang Jingyu, so he took the lead in leading his troops to launch retaliatory actions against the Japanese and puppets. After a continuous bloody battle, only a few dozen people were left.
In August 1940, Cao Yafan was shot dead by rebels near Longquan Town in Mengjiang. The First Army was an army founded by Yang Jingyu himself. So far, except for a small number of its basic troops who surrendered to the enemy, all of them died heroically for the country.
The Third Front Army of Chen Hanzhang (Manchu) broke through the Japanese encirclement in Dunhua and entered Wuchang City in Heilongjiang Province. They fought every day and suffered heavy casualties. By October 1940, the Japanese army got information from the traitors about their storage of winter supplies. On the ground, all supplies were burned. In the end, there were only a dozen soldiers left around Chen Hanzhang, and they were surrounded in the small Wanwan ditch at the head of Nanhu Lake by Jingbo Lake. The general was not afraid in the face of danger. He stood to the last man and spread blood in Jingpo Lake. He was only 27 years old. After Chen Hanzhang's death, the last 20 wounded soldiers of the Third Front Army were forced to go north and joined the small force of Ji Qing, political commissar of the Fifth Army. After many battles, only a few people survived and retreated into the Soviet Union.
Kim Il-sung, commander of the Second Front Army, had differences of opinion with Yang Jingyu at the Toudao Liuhe meeting, and it is said that there was a fierce quarrel. He believed that we should retreat to the Soviet Union to preserve our strength in critical moments, while Yang Jingyu believed that we should always fight on China's own soil. After the meeting, Kim Il-sung led his troops to retreat to the border areas between China, North Korea and Russia, and moved around Helong and Antu. In November of the same year, he led the remaining 100 people who had been encircled and suppressed by heavy troops to retreat into the Soviet Union.