Character’s life: Becoming famous at a young age
He Zhizhang moved to Shanyin in his early years. He was famous for his poetry when he was young. In the first year of Zhengsheng's reign (695), Empress Wu of the Tang Dynasty became a Jinshi and the number one scholar. She was the first number one scholar recorded in Zhejiang history. The road to officialdom
After He Zhizhang became the number one scholar, he was first awarded the doctorate of the Four Schools of Guozi, and later he was awarded the doctorate of Taichang. In the tenth year of Kaiyuan (722), Zhang Shuo, the book editor of Lizheng Palace, recommended him to the Academy of the Palace, where he participated in the compilation of "Liu Dian", "Wen Zhun" and other books. However, he was transferred to Taichang Shaoqing after failure. In the thirteenth year, he became the minister of the Ministry of Rites and a bachelor of Jixian Academy. Later, he was transferred to the title of Prince's right concubine, Shi Du, and Minister of the Ministry of Industry. In the 26th year, he changed his official position to Prince Guest, Yinqing Guanglu doctor, and was awarded the title of Secretary Supervisor, so he was called "He Supervisor". Later life
In the third year of Tianbao (744), he was in a trance due to illness. He asked Shangshu to be a Taoist priest. He asked him to return to his hometown, leave his hometown house as a temple, and asked Zhougong Lake to be used as a release pond. According to the imperial edict, a song was given to Jianhu Lake. Emperor Xuanzong wrote a poem as a gift, and the crown prince led hundreds of officials on a farewell tour. Return to the "Taoist Village" outside Wuyun Gate in Shanyin, live in "Qianqiu Temple", and build a "Yiqu Pavilion" to entertain yourself. The complicated paper can only count crosses. "The halls and halls have good walls and barriers. Suddenly I forget my purpose, I am excited, I write a few lines, and they fly away like insect seals. Although the ancient method of drawing ropes is not as good as before.
In the meantime, I wrote "Returning to Hometown II" "First": "When I was young and my boss returned home, my local pronunciation remained unchanged and my hair on my temples faded. Children who don't recognize each other laugh and ask where the guest is from. "I have been away from my hometown for many years, and recently I have been busy with people." Only the mirror lake water in front of the door, the spring breeze does not change the old waves. "It was widely recited and well-known, and he died of illness shortly afterward at the age of eighty-six. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Suzong came back from his studies and presented it to the Minister of Rites. Main achievements in calligraphy
He Zhizhang's works are loved by calligraphers They regard it as a treasure. There are few surviving ink records of him. There are still stone carvings of "Long Rui Palace" on the southern slope of Wanwei Mountain in the southeast of Shaoxing City and the cursive script of "The Classic of Filial Piety" that was spread to Japan.
He Zhizhang is good at calligraphy and cursive script. Dou U's "Shu Shu Fu" said: "The lakes and mountains are blessed, the crazy guests are romantic, the writing is exquisite, the poems are few, and the beauty is like the splendor of the spring forest. It can be seen at a glance And write about worry. "Dou Meng's note says: "(He Zhizhang) Every time I am in high spirits, I write a good book with big characters, maybe 300 words, or 500 words, and the poems are written according to the destiny... Suddenly there are benefits, competing with nature, and it is not done by man. "
The Dou brothers criticized many of the famous calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty, but praised He Zhizhang for "competing with nature and not by man." This shows the reputation of He Zhizhang's calligraphy at that time. Li Bai has "Send Congratulations to Guests Returning to Yue Temple" " said: "The flowing water of Jinghu Lake is clear and clear, and many crazy tourists return to their boats to enjoy themselves. If the people in the mountains meet each other, they should write about Huangting exchanging white geese. "Recited for generations to come.
Among the calligraphy works passed down from generation to generation, the ink ink includes the cursive script "The Book of Filial Piety", the stone carving "The Legend of Longrui Palace", etc. The whole volume of "The Book of Filial Piety" is written like flying, in one go, with dragons and snakes flying. , full of vitality. It adopts the official meaning and incorporates Zhang Cao to achieve the ancient style. It has the rigorous style of the Tang Dynasty and the smooth and graceful style of the Jin Dynasty. It has a great influence on the calligraphy style of the late Tang and Song Dynasties.
There are 19 poems, most of which are sacrificial movements and poems composed for the occasion.
Including "Ode to Willows", "Plucking Lotus", "Answers to the Imperial Scholars", and "Two Occasions Returning to Hometown". , "Xiaofa", "Send the Army of People", "Send Zhang from the Holy System of Taihe", "Shunzhe", "Wang the Peach and Plum Blossoms", "Send Zhang from the Holy System of Taihe" Personal works such as "Xunbian", "Yonghe", "Taihe", "Fuhe", "Taihe", "Biaohe", "Dahe", "Fenghe Imperial Control of Chuntai Wang", etc.
There are nineteen titles, twenty poems, and one fragment.
The representative poems are: "Returning to Hometown" (Part 1), "Ode to Willows" Historical Records
"Old Tang Book. Wenyuan. Biography of He Zhizhang"
"New Tang Book. Seclusion. Biography of He Zhizhang"
"Complete Tang Literature" Volume 447. Tang· Dou Meng's "Notes on Shushu Fu"
"Chronicles of Tang Poems" Volume 17 Song Dynasty·Evaluation of meritorious figures
Li Bai: There are crazy visitors in Siming, who are romantic and congratulate Jizhen.
Tao Zongyi of the Song Dynasty: good at grass and officialdom, he was respected in the world. It is especially festive in the late festival, and every time I get drunk, I will write a poem, alternating with cursive and cursive, and it will be strange and leisurely when I wake up, so I may not be able to write it back. Anecdotes about people, begging for names
In the early years of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Secretary He Zhizhang, a well-known secretary, wrote to the court, wishing to retire and become an official and return to his hometown of Wuzhong. Xuanzong Li Longji respected him very much and treated him differently from others.
Before leaving, He Zhizhang couldn't help crying when he said goodbye to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong asked him what else he wanted. He Zhizhang said: "I Zhizhang has a dog that has not yet been named. If your majesty gives him a name, it will be an honor for me to return home." Xuanzong said: "Faith is the core of Tao, and Fu means faith. Your son should be named Fu." Zhizhang said. Thanks for the order.
After a long time, He Zhizhang realized something and thought to himself: "The emperor is making fun of me too much. I am from Wu, and the word 'Fu' is the word 'Zhao' plus the word 'Zi' . He named my son "Fu", doesn't it mean he calls me "Paw"? "The Eight Immortals in Drinking" He and Li Bai both like drinking very much, and they are both famous "wine gods". The great poet Du Fu's famous poem "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking" first talks about He Zhizhang: "Zhizhang rides a horse like a boat, and falls into a well and sleeps under the water." It is said that he leaned forward and backward while riding a horse after being drunk. Like sitting on a boat. He fell into the well in a daze and fell asleep at the bottom of the well. Even if an ordinary person is drunk like mud, he will wake up with a splash of cold water. He will not wake up even if he falls into a well while drunk, so he can be regarded as the number one "drunkard". Xuanzong saw him off
He Zhizhang suffered a serious illness at the age of 86 and was completely unconscious while lying in bed. But later he escaped from death and came back, and reported to the emperor, asking for permission to return to his hometown to become a Taoist priest. Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty approved his request, agreed to donate his home in the capital as a Taoist temple, and specially named it "Qianqiu". He also issued an edict to set up a tent at the east gate of the capital for all officials to bid farewell to him. Not to mention, Emperor Ming of Tang personally wrote a poem to see him off. The preface to the poem says: "In the second year of Tianbao, the prince's guests congratulated Zhizhang... and he was determined to enter Taoism. As I was late in my year, I used the matter of hanging my crown in order to travel to Chisong. On the fifth day of the first lunar month, I will return to Kuaiji. Then I send you a farewell. On the east road,...he wrote a poem as a tribute. "When I left my old age and retired, I did not hesitate to wear a hairpin. It is like having a noble heart to find the secrets in the world." "The Qingmen Prefecture is unique, and the heroes are deeply saddened." Probably because the meaning is still unfinished, he wrote a second poem: "The banquet opened a hundred pots of preserves, and the imperial edict was inscribed with gold (bamboo records)." Feather clothes. Quietly carrying Ruizao, the journey is full of glory. "The Golden Turtle Exchanges Wine
In the first year of Tang Tianbao, the poet Li Bai came to the capital Chang'an. He had no friends in Chang'an, so he lived alone in a small inn. One day, he went to visit Zike, a famous Taoist temple, and met the famous poet He Zhizhang. He Zhizhang had read Li Bai's poems a long time ago and admired them very much. When they met by chance, they started chatting cordially. He asked Li Bai for a new poem to read. When he finished reading "The Road to Shu is Difficult", he said to Li Bai in surprise: "It seems that you are the saint of poetry from heaven to earth!"
At dusk, He Zhizhang invited Li Bai to have a drink. As soon as he sat down in the hotel, he remembered that he didn't have any money with him. He thought for a while, then took off the gold-decorated turtle bag from his waist and used it as drink money. Li Bai stopped him and said, "No way, this is a jewelry given to you by the royal family according to its grade. How can I exchange it for wine?"
Both of them could drink, and they did not say goodbye until everyone was slightly drunk. Later, He Zhizhang recommended Li Bai to the emperor. The emperor had heard of Li Bai for a long time, so he appointed Li Bai as a member of the Imperial Academy.
Later, when He Zhizhang passed away, Li Bai drank wine alone and felt sad. Remembering the time when the golden tortoise exchanged wine, he wrote "Two Poems on Wine Reminiscing about He Jian". Unofficial anecdotes
He Zhizhang has a residence in Xuanpingfang, Xijing. There is a small panel door opposite his house, and I often see an old man riding a donkey going in and out there. Five or six years later, the old man's face and clothes remained the same, unchanged. His family members could not be seen either. When I asked the neighbors in the alley, they all said that Mr. Wang was a seller of money ropes in the West Market and had no other occupation. After observation, we can see that he is an extraordinary person.
He Zhizhang often went to Mr. Wang's place during his free days, and the old man greeted him respectfully and discreetly. He has only one servant boy. He Zhizhang asked him about his occupation, and the old man answered casually. As my contacts with him increased, I gradually became more respectful and spoke more and more, so I mentioned in my conversations that he was good at cultivating Taoism and refining alchemy. He Zhizhang always believed in Taoism, so he was willing to worship the old man as his teacher. Later, He Zhizhang and his wife took a pearl, saying that they had obtained it in their hometown and had kept it for many years. They dedicated it to the old man and asked him to teach him Taoism. After the old man took it, he handed the pearl to the boy and asked him to buy cakes. The boy exchanged the pearl for more than thirty sesame cakes and invited He Zhizhang to eat them. He Zhizhang thought to himself that the orb was specially given to the old man, but the old man used it so lightly. I felt very unhappy. The old man had noticed and said: "Taoism can be learned through experience, but where is the effort? If the heart of cherishing does not stop, there is no reason for Taoism to succeed. We should go to the deep mountains and poor valleys to explore diligently and concentrate on finding it. It is not what the city and the court are doing. It can be taught." He Zhizhang was quite enlightened after hearing this, understood what the old man meant, paid homage to the old man and left. After a few days, the old man disappeared. He Zhizhang then asked to resign and return to his hometown. (from "Yuan Hua Ji") Memorial Building Mi Jian Temple
He Zhizhang Mi Jian Temple (He Zhizhang Mi Jian Temple), commonly known as Huting Temple.
According to legend, in the 14th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1144 AD), the county governor Mo Jiang rebuilt the "Yilao Hall" in the hometown of He Zhizhang (Shaoxing) where he studied to commemorate He Zhizhang and Li Bai. In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169 AD), the prefect Zhang Jin rebuilt it. In the third year of Baoqing (AD 1227), the prefect Hu Ju re-renovated it. During the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (1335-1340 AD), the Yi Lao Hall and the Hanxu Hall were merged, and the Shuima Station was rebuilt and divided into two halls, the north and the south. The He Mi Jian Temple was abandoned. In the 19th year of Zhizheng (AD 1395), Zhejiang Province asked Qiu Qiu to repair the building. He learned that the seal image was in the filth, so he built an ancestral hall in the east and west side rooms of the post station to worship it. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the north and south halls were merged into one inn, and the ancestral hall was moved to its current location. The rear hall was built in the 47th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1782 AD). The existing building was rebuilt in the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1865 AD) and faces north and south. The building has three entrances, each with five bays. The inscription on the door of the main hall is "Tang Secretary Supervisor He Gong Temple". Inside the temple, there was originally the "Zhong Le Pavilion Poetry Engraving" from the first year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1068 AD), which included 20 poems by 15 people including Wang Anshi and Sima Guang; "Reconstruction of Yi Laotang" in the first year of Kaiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1259), written by Wu Qian and written by Zhang Jizhi, "Notes of He Mijian Ancestral Hall" in the 20th year of Yuan Zhizheng (AD 1360), written by Liu Renben and written by Shi Quan, Zhou Boqi's seal script was engraved by Xu Zhongyu; in the 22nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1543), there is a stele describing the secret eunuch of the Tang Dynasty congratulating the public magistrate. Shen Kai wrote an article by Fang Shi and Li Yong of the Tang Dynasty and other stele inscriptions. Tombstone
The tomb of He Zhizhang is located in the northwest corner of He Village, Huankou Town, Feng County, Jiangsu Province. After the Anshi Rebellion, Yongwang Li You rebelled, causing political instability and social unrest. Some of his descendants fled the chaos and migrated to northern Jiangsu, settling in Hezhuang and Hedian on the present-day Fengfei border. In order to consolidate the origin of knowledge, the tomb of He Zhizhang was constructed in the northwest corner of the village as a commemoration. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 AD) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, the village was designated as He Dian, which has not been changed to this day. After the village was named, temples such as He Silong Emperor Temple, Guanyin Temple, Fire Temple, Guandi Temple, and Buddha Temple were built successively. He Zhizhang's tomb and tombstone still exist.