1. Origin of the surname
The surname Xu (Xǔ Xu) has three origins:
1. It comes from the surname Jiang, who is a descendant of Emperor Yan and takes the country as his surname. . According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" and "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers", the Xu family and the Qi family have the same ancestor, and they are the queen of Boyi of the Four Mountains in ancient times. The "Siyue" (the leaders of the four tribes during the reign of Yao and Shun) are four phratry groups developed from the Jiang surname. They formed an alliance with the Ji surname tribe and developed in parallel with the "Zi surname" Shang tribe. The allied forces, dominated by tribes surnamed Ji and Jiang, defeated King Zhou of Shang and established the Kingdom of Ji - the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, he enfeoffed vassals on a large scale. Among them, the old land of Shang also enfeoffed some vassal states with the surname Ji and the surname Jiang. For Uncle Xu Wen. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Xu State was called a vassal of the Chu State, and was destroyed by Chu in the early Warring States Period. After the fall of the Xu State, the descendants took the country as their surname and called it the Xu family. The surname Xu was called Zhengzong in history.
2. It comes from the descendants of Xu You during the reign of Emperor Yao, and is tabooly named after the ancestral name. According to historical documents and archaeological excavations, it is said that Xu You was a scholar and sage in the Yao and Shun period and lived in Jishan. After his death, he was buried in Jishan, and later generations called him Xu Youshan. It was active under Jishan Mountain in the Yingshui Basin more than 4,000 years ago, which was the land of the Xu Kingdom. After Xu You's death, his descendants took his name as a surname and called him Xu.
3. The Xu family comes from other sources. In the Qing Dynasty, the chieftains of Sicheng Prefecture in Guangxi (now southwest of Lingyun County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) and ethnic minorities such as Manchu, Li, Yao, Yi, Tujia, Achang, Hui, Mongolian, and Korean all had the surname Xu.
The ancestor who got the surname: Xu You. Xu You, also known as Xu Yao, was a scholar and sage in the Yao and Shun period. When Emperor Yao got old, he planned to give up his throne to Xu You, but Xu You refused to accept it and fled to the foot of Jishan Mountain to farm and eat by himself. Later, Yao asked him to be the governor of Jiuzhou. He went to the Yingshui River to clean his ears and expressed that he did not want to hear about it. After Xu You died, he was buried in Jishan, and later generations called him Xu Youshan. Xu You's descendants took their first name as their surname, and were called the surname Xu. Xu You was commemorated as the ancestor of the surname Xu.
2. Migration Distribution
The original place of origin of the surname Xu is the east of Xuchang, Henan Province today. In the Spring and Autumn Period, a branch of Wenshu, a descendant of the Jiang surname, was forced by Zheng and Chu and moved many times to Ye (southwest of today's Ye County, Henan Province), Chengfu (southeast of today's Bo County, Anhui Province), Jingshan (now the Hubei Province), Rongcheng (now southeast of Lushan, Henan Province) and other places were later destroyed by Chu, and some of their descendants lived in the Xinhuang and Zhijiang areas of today's Hunan Province. This can be said to be the first reproduction and migration of the Xu surname. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Xu surname spread throughout most areas of Henan and Hebei provinces, and later formed the largest prominent family in the history of the Xu surname: Runan County Wang. This county branched out into Gaoyang County, Taiyuan County, Kuaiji County and other famous families that played a major role in the development of the Xu surname. According to records, the ancestor of Runan County was Xu Yi, a high-ranking scholar in the late Qin Dynasty. His great-great-grandson Xu De served in the Western Han Dynasty, including Anding (the area today in Pingliang, Gansu Province and the western part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) and Runan (the area south of the central part of today's Henan Province and the area north of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province). ) prefect, settled in Pingyu County, Runan. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, as people moved south to avoid the war in the north, people surnamed Xu moved to present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Xu Meng, a descendant of the Runan branch, was appointed the governor of Youzhou in Cao Wei, Xu Shi was appointed the governor of Pingyuan (now southwest of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), Xu Mao was appointed the governor of Gaoyang (now part of Henan Province), Xu Wanggui was appointed the governor of Guiyang in the Southern Dynasty, Xu Yan was appointed the governor of Xiangzhou, and Xu Yonghui Xiao Qi At that time, he was granted the title of Marquis of Jinling County, Xu Zongzhi was appointed as the governor of Dingzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Xu Mao was appointed as the prefect of Tianmen in Liang Dynasty. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, society tended to be stable. Both those with the Xu surname who lived in the north and those who moved to the south had considerable development, and the population of the Xu surname was growing day by day. The above-mentioned descendants of the Xu surname in Runan also had new developments. For example, Xu Xun was appointed as the governor of Pingyuan (now part of Shandong Province), Xu Hongzhou was appointed as the governor of Chuzhou, Xu Yuan was appointed as the governor of Suiyang, and Xu Xian was appointed as the governor of Yuanzhou. From the Song and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the main characteristics of people with the Xu surname were their migration to the south and overseas. The migration to the south during the Song and Yuan Dynasties promoted the trend of Xu surnames being more common in the south than in the north. Most of the people with the Xu surname who immigrated to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty were from one county in Runan and lived in Taipei, Pingtung, Kaohsiung and other places. At this point, the surname Xu can be said to have spread all over the world and is broadcast everywhere.
Today, the majority of people with the surname Xu are in Jiangsu, Shandong, Yunnan, Guangdong, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and other provinces. The Xu surname in the above seven provinces accounts for about 55% of the Han population with the surname Xu in the country. The surname Xu is the 35th most common surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.53% of the country's Han population.
3. Historical Celebrities
Xu Xing: The first famous figure named Xu to appear in historical records was a native of the Chu State during the Warring States Period. He advocated that "the sage and the people farmed and ate, and enjoyed themselves." "Government by taking care of one's own cooking" reflects an ideal of farmers in ancient society and has dozens of students.
Xu Shen: A native of Zhaoling, Runan (now Yancheng, Henan Province), a classics scholar and philologist of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the author of the first dictionary in ancient China, and the author of fourteen volumes of "Shuowen Jiezi" with a catalog ***Fifteen volumes.
Xu Shao: A native of Pingyu, Runan (now part of Henan Province), he was a famous scholar during the Cao and Wei Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms. He liked to comment on figures. He commented on Cao Cao as: "The best thief in the Qing Dynasty and the hero in the troubled times."
Xu Heng: Neo-Confucian of the Yuan Dynasty. After the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty came to the throne, he and Liu Bingzhong and others established the ceremonial and official system of the court and planned the "scale of founding the country" for the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. Together with Liu Yin and Wu Cheng, he was known as the three great Neo-Confucians of the Yuan Dynasty.
Xu Shao: A famous scholar from the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. The person who is good at commenting is replaced every month, and is sometimes called the "Yuedan Commentary" in Runan. He once commented that Cao Cao was "a capable minister in governing the world and a hero in troubled times." This sentence was almost the final conclusion of Cao Cao's life. "A hero of a generation" has also become synonymous with Cao Cao.
Xu Hun: a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In his poems, there is a line that "the rain is about to come, and the wind fills the building" is sung by the world.
Xu Mengrong: A native of Jingzhao Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, he held positions such as minister of the Ministry of Personnel and stay-at-home in the Eastern Capital.
Xu Jingzong: In the early Tang Dynasty, he was one of the eighteen bachelors of the Qin Palace. A native of Hangzhou Xincheng (now southwest of Fuyang, Zhejiang Province), he successively held the positions of author, Zhongshu Sheren, Shizhong, and Zhongshu Ling. After assisting Wu, he chased Chu Suiliang and forced to kill Changsun Wuji, Shangguan Yi and others. Participated in the compilation of "Records of Wude", "Records of Zhenguan", "Book of Jin", etc.
Xu Daoning: A native of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), he was a painter of the Song Dynasty. He was good at painting the three scenes of trees, plain distance and wild water.
Xu Daoning: Painter of Song Dynasty. He is famous for his proficiency in describing the three scenes of forest, plain distance and wild water. Zhang Shixun once sent a poem with the line "Li Cheng died and Fan Kuan died, but Xu Daoning left Chang'an" to praise his work.
Xu Shuwei: A native of Zhenzhou (now Yizheng, Jiangsu Province), a medical scientist in the Song Dynasty. His works include Treatise on the Causes of Febrile Diseases and other works.
Mrs. Xu: the heroine of the She people’s uprising in the early Yuan Dynasty. In 1278, she united with Huang Hua to revolt. At that time, the Yuan army had entered Fujian, and Song minister Pu Shougeng surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shijie, the anti-Yuan general, moved to southwestern Fujian. With her support, he attacked Pu Shougeng and the Yuan army and won many times.
Xu Youren: A native of Tangyin (now part of Henan Province), he was a famous politician in the Yuan Dynasty. He served as an official in seven dynasties for nearly fifty years.
Xu Tianci: A native of Min County (now Minhou, Fujian Province), he was a Jinshi during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. He was an upright official and the author of "Huangmen Collection".
Xu Fuyuan: A native of Deqing, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty, he served as Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of War in Nanjing. He is the author of "Jinghetang Collection".
Xu Zichang: A native of Wuxian County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) in the Ming Dynasty. He was curious about literature and books. He wrote legends such as "Water Margin" and "Lingxi Pei". He also wrote "Aozhai Poems" and "Aozhai". Books such as "Man Lu" and "Happiness Collection".
Xu Hongpan: A native of Jining, Shandong Province in the Qing Dynasty, he served successively as Tongzhi of Anhui and Zhizhou of Sizhou. His works include "Textual Research on Fangyu" and "Records of Western Liao".
Xu Zongyang: a native of Guangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty and a general of the Taiping Army. He once went to Anhui with Shi Da, and followed Wei Changhui to kill Yang Xiuqing, but his subsequent actions are unknown.
Xu Jingcheng: A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, he was the Foreign Minister in the late Qing Dynasty. He served as ambassador to France, Germany, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands and other countries, and later served as the Prime Minister and Minister of International Affairs.
Xu Xueqiu: A native of Haiyang (now Chao'an), Guangdong Province, a modern democratic revolutionary who once served as the governor of Dongjiang in the Chinese Revolutionary Army.
Xu Guangping: A native of Panyu, Guangdong, Mrs. Lu Xun. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she served as deputy secretary-general of the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's Government, vice-chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, and vice-chairman of the Central Committee of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy.
Xu Dishan: Originally from Fujian, born in Taiwan, he is a famous novelist and essayist. His works include "Spiders Weaving the Web", "Spirit Rain in the Sky", "Indian Literature", and "History of Chinese Taoism (Part 1)" ”, “Index to the Tripitaka”, etc.
Xu Shiyou: A native of Xinxian County, Henan Province, a famous military strategist. He studied martial arts in the Shaolin Temple when he was young. He joined the National Revolutionary Army in his early years and later joined the Communist Party of China. He was a legendary figure in his life and drank too much. He led and commanded many famous battles with outstanding military exploits. He was awarded the rank of general in 1955. In the border war launched by the Communist Party of China against Vietnam in 1979, Xu Shiyou, then commander of the Guangzhou Military Region, commanded the battle on the eastern front. He died of liver cancer at the Nanjing Military Region General Hospital on October 22, 1985 at the age of 80. After his death, the then national leader D.X.P., in accordance with his wish to "perform filial piety after death", specifically approved the burial of General Xu Shiyou. D.X.P.'s instructions were, "This will not be the case in the future."
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Runan County: A county was established during the reign of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, and its administrative seat was Shangcai (now southwest of Shangcai, Henan). ). The founder of this branch of the Xu family was Xu Yi, a high-minded scholar who lived in seclusion and did not serve in official positions in the late Qin Dynasty.
Gaoyang County: A county was established during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its administrative seat was Gaoyang (today’s east of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). This branch of the Xu family is a branch of the Runan Xu family. It is the clan of Xu Mao, the 5th generation grandson of Gaoyang Prefecture who ruled Xu in the Sixteen Kingdoms.
Henan County: During the reign of Emperor Gao of Han Dynasty, it was changed to Sanchuan County of Qin Dynasty and established as a county. The administrative seat is Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). This branch of the Xu family is a direct descendant of Uncle Wen.
Taiyuan County: During the Warring States Period, King Zhuangxiang of Qin established the county and its administrative seat was Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi). This branch of the Xu family is a branch of the Runan Xu family and comes after the famous scholar Xu Shao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Kuiji County: A county was established during the reign of Emperor Qin Shihuang, and its governance was in Wu County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). The founder of this branch of the Xu family is Xu Shen, a famous writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2. Hall name
Washing the transept: During the reign of Emperor Yao, there was a scholar named Xu You. When Yao was old, he wanted to cede the world to him, but he refused to accept it and ran to the foot of Jishan Mountain to farm. Yao also asked him to be the governor of Jiu, so he ran to Yingshui to wash his ears, thinking that what Yao said had tainted him. ears. Xu's name is "Ear Cleansing".
Derentang: After Boyi and Shu Liu destroyed the Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty, they ate Zhou millet in shame and starved to death in Shouyang Mountain. Confucius praised him for "seeking benevolence and gaining benevolence". Xu's family name is "Deren".
Exegesis Hall: During the Han Dynasty, there was Xu Shen, also known as Shuzhong, who was well-read in classics. People at that time praised him as "Xu Shuzhong is unparalleled in the Five Classics". He is the author of "Shuowen Jiezi", which is a collection of ancient and modern classics and exegesis. It is still an essential reference book for studying philology.
In addition, the main hall names of the Xu surname include: "Gaoyang Hall", "Runan Hall", "Shide Hall", "Yongji Hall", "Gaoli Hall", "Dunxu Hall", "Dunbentang", "Linzhentang", "Xiyintang", "Xifantang", "Huaiyitang", "Shaolutang", "Chengwentang", "Juzutang", "Changxingtang" "wait.
5. Clan Characteristics
1. The Xu surname in Runan, with Xu Yi as its origin, is not only the backbone of many county officials, but also the main source of migration in the history of the Xu surname. As far as its own branch is concerned, it has been crowned for many generations, and its hairpins are endless, and it is extremely glorious.
2. The surname Xu inherits the virtuous and noble qualities of his ancestors. He is benevolent, thrifty, and diligent, and many famous people have emerged.
3. The character lines of the surname Xu are regular and distinct, revealing the unique characteristics of the Xu clan. For example, the "Xu Family Tree" that Xu Buyun participated in the compilation contains a line of characters named Xu from Zhejiang: "Dragon, Phoenix, and Linbiao are clever and smart, and their hairpins and tassels are beautiful. Farming and studying make them wiser." "The Genealogy of the Xu Family", which Xu Yinzhi majored in, contains a line with the surname Xu from Hebei: "Establishing Chongwen New Metallurgy is a treasure of the body. Confucianism is based on morality. "The Genealogy of the Xu Family" compiled by Xu Xiutang contains a line with the surname Xu in Jiangsu: "Yonglin Dingrui, Changxiu Minzong, Yijun Zehui"
〖Xu ancestral hall. Four-character Universal Couplet〗
Ten thousand volumes can be read in full;
The Five Classics are unparalleled.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The first couplet refers to Xu Shanxin in the Sui Dynasty. He was a calligrapher. He was smart in his youth and was called a prodigy. In the Southern Dynasties, Chen Zeng served as a regular attendant of Sanqi, and became an official in the Sui Dynasty.
He is very knowledgeable and has thousands of books in his home, all of which he has read. He continued the revision of his father Xu Heng's unfinished "History of Liang". The lower couplet refers to Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also known as Shuzhong, who was from Zhaoling, Runan. He studied under Jia Kui and served as Taiwei Nange, offering wine and other services. He had extensive knowledge of classics, and people at the time commented that he was known as "Xu Shuzhong, the unparalleled Five Classics". He is the author of "Shuowen Jiezi", which is a collection of exegesis of ancient classics and provides the most important basis for future generations to study characters and compile calligraphy books. He also wrote "The Different Meanings of the Five Classics", specializing in ancient Chinese classics.
Runan Shize;
Erlong’s family reputation.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Xu
The whole couplet refers to the Han Dynasty Xu Shao and his brother Xu Qian, who had the same name, and were called "Two Dragons" at that time.
Xiao Xuan asks for a sword;
Fei Qiong plays a drum.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The first couplet is from the Empress Xu of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, whose name was Pingjun and a native of Changyi. A few months after Emperor Xuan Liu Xun was born, his parents were killed at the same time due to the "scourge of witchcraft". He was fostered in the home of his grandmother Shi Liangdi and lived among the people, and Xu Pingjun was also a folk girl. When the ministers of the court were discussing the establishment of a queen, Emperor Xuan issued an edict to find the sword that had originally been danced. The minister understood what he meant, so he petitioned for the appointment of a queen. The second couplet shows the legendary ancient immortal Xu Feiqiong, who was the maid of the Queen Mother of the West. The Queen Mother of the West often asked her to play the reed that shook the soul.
Dedicated to Emperor Yan;
Origined from Xuchang.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The whole couplet refers to the origin and origin of the surname Xu.
Pingtui Yuedan;
Xuyan Jishan.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu compiled by an anonymous person
The upper couplet refers to Xu Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Zijiang, and who had the same name as his brother Xu Jing. For those who are good at commenting on township party figures, their titles will be changed every month, which is commonly known as "monthly comments". He once commented that Cao Cao was "a thief in peace and a hero in troubled times", and Cao Cao was overjoyed. According to the Xialian Dian, Yao gave way to Xu You. It is said that Yao gave him the throne and he fled to the foot of Jishan Mountain to plow and eat. Yao also invited him to be the governor of Jiuzhou. He went to Yingshui to wash his ears and expressed his unwillingness to listen. arrive.
Chezhong Taidai;
Xuyan Jishan.
——An anonymous couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Xu
The full couplet refers to Xu You, a great scholar of Yao, who farmed in Jishan.
Loyalty and filial piety;
Family integrity.
——Anonymous Compilation of the Ancestral Hall of the Surname Xu
The Quanlian Dian refers to Xu Yuan of the Tang Dynasty, who joined forces with Zhang Xun to resist the thieves and defended Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) with blood The food was all gone, the city was captured, and he died without giving in.
Lu Zhai Taoism;
Jingyi Immortal Biography.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The first couplet refers to Xu Heng of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, whose courtesy name was Zhongping and whose name was Luzhai, a native of Hanoi. Talked about Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism with Yao Shu, Dou Mo and others. He once served as a tutor in Jingzhao and established a school in Daxing, Guanzhong. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, he and Liu Bingzhong and others formulated the imperial ceremonial and official system, and later presided over Chinese studies, using the Six Confucian Arts (Six Classics) as the teaching content, and played a certain role in the integration and exchange of Han and Mongolian cultures. From the official to Jixian, he was a bachelor and the son of the state. His works include "Lu Zhai's Posthumous Letter" and so on. Xialiandian refers to Xu Xun, a Taoist priest of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, named Jingzhi, who was from Runan and learned Taoism from Wu Meng. Later, he was elected Xiaolian, and once worshiped the Jingyang Order. Feeling the chaos in the royal family, he abandoned his official position and traveled around the country. It is said that during the Ningkang period, he practiced intensively in Xishan, Nanchang and became an immortal. Forty-two members of his family uprooted their homes and ascended to heaven, and their chickens and dogs also ascended to heaven. . In the Song Dynasty, he was named "Zhenjun Shen Gong Miaoji" and known as "Xu Zhenjun" in the world.
The ancestral style of the rope;
The sky is long.
——Anonymous Compilation of the Xu family and temples in Kinmen County, Taiwan
Kinmen County currently has five townships, 37 administrative villages, and 157 natural villages. However, the local people are still accustomed to using "township" as the identity of village residents. This may be influenced by the old concept of "du→bao→township" local level system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because the "township" at that time was the lowest level. local settlement unit. For example, the ancient village of Guxianbao Gukeng, which belonged to the 19th capital, refers to the natural village of Gugang today. Kinmen and Xiamen used to be under the jurisdiction of Tong'an County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. The local dialects still retain the ancient pronunciation of the southern Fujian dialect. For example, most people pronounce "xiang" as "xiang", and the pronunciation of "xiang" in southern Fujian is the same as "xiang" used in worship.
There are many family temples in Kinmen and the density is high. In some townships, there are "several temples in one township". For example, there are seven Cai family temples in Qionglin, four Huang family temples in Xiyuan, four Li family temples in Beishan, and Panshan There are three Weng family temples. These family temples not only represent the distinction between large and small sects, but also represent the prosperity and reproduction of local surname families. The inscriptions (panmen couplets) on the left and right door panels of the Kinmen family temple gate are more common in Houpu (Jincheng Town) with the inscriptions "Zude" and "Zong Gong", but in Jinsha Town, there are more decorative paintings with door gods. See. He Peifu believes that the door god stands at the temple gate and bears the brunt of the important status. The purpose of its installation is nothing more than to ward off evil and drive away evil, welcome good luck and bring good fortune, and make the house peaceful and secure. Visiting the many temple buildings in Kinmen, a city with simple folk customs, allows people to appreciate the goodness and beauty in life etiquette at the same time, which includes all kinds of traditional, solemn, family, artistic, and religious things and objects.
Sun Zhi is tall and handsome;
Zu De is famous.
——Anonymous Compilation of Xu’s Family and Temple in Kinmen County, Taiwan
Same as above.
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〖Five-character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall of the Surname Xu〗
Out of Xiu and from the Dragon ;
Lingering in the sky rather touching the stone.
——Xu Kangzuo wrote a universal couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xu
This couplet adopts the verse couplet "Sunset Blue Clouds Together" by Xu Kangzuo, the Minister of Rites of the Tang Dynasty.
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〖Xu Ancestral Hall Six-character Universal Couplet〗
Brothers were admitted to the first grade;
Father and son are ministers.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The whole couplet refers to Xu Jin, the governor of the dynasty, and the first couplet says that Xu Jin’s eight sons were six in the imperial examination. The second couplet says that Xu Jin and his four sons, Xu Gao, Xu Lun and Xu Zan, were all ministers.
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〖Seven-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu〗
The treasure tree returns in spring Moon's Day;
Jinjiang River's auspicious mist and Baihuatan.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
The first couplet comes from Xu Jing, a native of Pingyu in Runan, and his younger brother Xu Shao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Xu Jing was born in Xia Lian Dian, named Wenxiu, promoted to be filial and honest, and was appointed as Shangshu Lang. Later he entered the Shu Han Dynasty and served as Grand Administrator and Grand Tutor of Guanghan. "Jinjiang", a place name, is in Sichuan and flows through Chengdu. "Baihuatan", a place name, is located on the bank of Jinjiang River in the western suburbs of Chengdu.
The sun and the sky are transformed into a new atmosphere;
The breeze and the bright moon are in the old mind.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Xu
The whole couplet refers to the Jin Dynasty writer Xu Xun, courtesy name Xuandu, a native of Beixincheng, Gaoyang (now southwest of Xushui County, Hebei Province) . He was very intelligent when he was young and was known as a child prodigy. Later, Situ Mansion summoned him as a vassal, but he refused. He was a Taoist priest and lived in seclusion in Yongxing. Die early. He is talented and good at writing. Excellent in theory and good at conversation. He loved to travel around mountains and rivers, and was in good health. He and Wang Xi once visited famous mountains in Kuaiji. Together with Sun Zhuo, he is a famous Xuanyan poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Jian Dynasty said that "Xuandu's five-character poems are unrivaled in his time", but in fact, they were written in a perfunctory manner using Xuanyan philosophy, and the words were ignored and tasteless. It had a great influence on the poetry world of the Eastern Jin Dynasty at that time. Today there are 1 "Bamboo Fan Poetry" and "Bai Chen Wei Ming", "Mo Chen Wei Ming" and other articles.
Ji Quan washes his ears and recites Yao Zen;
The explanation of the characters is written in paragraphs and notes.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xu
The first couplet states that Yao promised to be rejected by the world, and also appointed him as the governor of Jiuzhou. He was angry and washed his ears in Yingshui. coast. Xialiandian published "Shuowen Jiezi" written by Xu Shen, a classical scholar and litterateur in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and annotated it by Duan Yucai, a text exegesis expert in the Qing Dynasty, with "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation".
Shuowenjiezi ancient classics;
The Tang Dynasty poem of Shan Yu Man Lou.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xu
The whole couplet refers to Xu Hun, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In his poems, there is the famous line "The rain is about to come, and the wind fills the building".
Knowing a person’s abilities will bring you the Nine Virtues;
After hearing about it, you will be happy to be a teacher of all ages.
——Xu Xinchen wrote the general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu
This couplet is based on the couplet written by Xu Xinchen, a Jinshi of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty.
Execution and transmission of scriptures through the ages;
Executioners and interpreters of Chinese characters for eternity.
——Xu Shen wrote the universal couplet of Xu Shen’s ancestral hall
This couplet adopts the couplet of Xu Shen’s ancestral hall in Yancheng, Henan Province.
But if you have spare time, just study;
Don't chat when you meet a good guest.
——Xu Geng wrote a universal couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xu
This couplet is a couplet written by Xu Geng, a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. Xu Geng, courtesy name Wenke.
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〖A general couplet of more than seven words in the ancestral hall of the surname Xu〗
Zhaozi came to Xu , rope his ancestral martial arts;
Yinghou Shunde, Yi Jue Sun Mian.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the couplet of the family temple of the Xu family in Nanzhao Town, Zhao'an County, Fujian Province (1). The temple enshrines Xu Tianzheng (the same below), a hero of Kai Zhang and Marquis of Zhaoying.
To explore talents, one can recognize them in the light and in the dark;
Talk about talents and make public comments on the first day of the month.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Xu
The first couplet is from the Tang Dynasty minister Xu Jingzong (592-672), named Yanzu, Hangzhou Xincheng (now southwest of Fuyang, Zhejiang) people. After Yin attached to Wu, he plotted to expel Chu Suiliang and kill Changsun Wuji and others. Xialiandian lists Xu Shao (150-195), a famous scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Zijiang. Runan people. He was a county meritorious officer at first and was deeply respected. He likes to comment on people, changing one every month, and is known as Runan's "Yuedan Commentary". He once commented on Cao Cao as "a capable minister in governing the world and a hero in troubled times."
When the Minhai Sea was leveled, Yihuang Xuanwei showed his sage virtues;
Zhangzhou was established to promote enlightenment and respond to the people's hearts.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xu written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the couplet of the family temple of the Xu family in Nanzhao Town, Zhao'an County, Fujian Province (2).
Complete the complete works of Lu Xun; he is not only the flag-bearer of the women's movement;
Fighting for the treasured land in central Fujian, he is actually a hero of the She people's uprising.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Xu
The first couplet refers to Xu Guangping (1898-1968), a pioneer of the Chinese women’s movement, who was born in Panyu, Guangdong, and whose pen name was Jing Song. Participated in the "March 18th" anti-imperialist demonstration. In 1927, he was admitted to Sun Yat-sen University and served as Lu Xun's assistant. In October of the same year, he married Lu Xun and assisted Lu Xun for a long time. Edited and published "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" with 6 million words. He was arrested by the Japanese Military Police Headquarters in 1941 and was tortured but remained unyielding. During the Liberation War, she devoted herself to peaceful democracy and the women's movement, and served as editor of the weekly "Democracy". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she served as Vice Chairman of the All-China Women's Federation and Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Association for the Promotion of Democracy. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1960. Xia Lian Dian refers to Madam Xu, the heroine of the She people's uprising in the early Yuan Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), she united with Huang Hua, a native of Jianning (now part of Fujian), to uprising. At this time, the Yuan army had entered Fujian, and Song minister Pu Shougeng surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shijie, the anti-Yuan general, moved to southwestern Fujian. With her support, he attacked Pu Shougeng and the Yuan army and won many times. In the seventeenth year, Chen Guilong and Chen Diaoyan rebelled in Zhangzhou and were suppressed by the Yuan army. They retreated to Shedong to join forces with her. Strengthened. In the 19th year, Huang Hua revolted again and received her support. The She people's uprising led by her defended the mountain villages in Zhangzhou, Quan, Shaowu, and Jianning.
The love I left behind thirty years ago still exists, and I am singing songs and thinking about it.
——Ming Dynasty Ye Xianggao wrote the "Xu Gong Ancestral Hall" couplet of the ancestral hall named Xu in Fuqing City, Fujian Province
The "Xu Gong Ancestral Hall" was originally located near the current Xijian Temple. A special shrine for historical celebrities. It is said that the temple was built by Ye Xianggao together with Chen Shixian in memory of his mentor Xu Mengxiong, who was the county magistrate at that time, and he was praised as a scholar.
Ye Xianggao also wrote this couplet for the temple in his own handwriting. Unfortunately, this couplet no longer exists in the temple.
Enter Yingyang, guard Suiyang, and order Jingyang, the mansion of the illustrious gods;
The Taifu of the Han Dynasty, Youfu of the Tang Dynasty, and Shaofu of the Ming Dynasty were the homes of dignified prime ministers.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the Xu family written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the couplet of the ancestral hall of the Xu family in Jiapeng Village, Jixi County, Anhui Province. The Shangliandian refers to Xu You, Xu Yuan and Xu Xun. Xu Yuan, courtesy name Lingwei, was born in Yanguan, Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. During the Anshi Rebellion, he was appointed as the prefect of Suiyang by Xuanzong. During the Zhide period, he was besieged by Yin Ziqi, the general of Anlushan tribe. He and Zhenyuan ordered Zhang Xun to defend Suiyang (today's Shangqiu, Henan Province). They held on for several months and ran out of supplies. He was later captured and sent to Luoyang, where he was killed when An Qingxu was defeated. The lower couplet refers to Xu Jing, Xu Jingzong and Xu Cunren. Xu Jingzong, courtesy name Yanzu, was a minister of the Tang Dynasty and a native of Xincheng, Hangzhou. During the Daye period of the Sui Dynasty, he was a scholar. He served as a secretary in Li Mi's army and later became one of the eighteen bachelors in the palace of King Qin (Li Shimin). During the reign of Emperor Taizong, he served as a literary official, editor of national history, and minister of Zhongshu; he also assisted Empress Wu to drive away Chu Suiliang and forced the execution of Changsun Wuji and Shangguan Yi; during the Xianqing period, he served as Zhongshu Ling and was in charge of the government together with Li Yifu. He once edited "Wen Guan Ci Lin". Xu Cunren, named Yuan and courtesy name Cunren, was a native of Jinhua in the Ming Dynasty. Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang personally appointed him as a professor at Yingtian Mansion, and he went to the palace to teach princes, minister to officials, doctors, and princes to offer wine. He stayed with Taizu of the Ming Dynasty for more than ten years, participating in many discussions on culture, history, and talent selection.
The surname of Cuizi is in one hall. The ancestors of Burma have virtues and merits, they are fierce and light, and the spring dew and autumn frost are sacred;
The clouds spread to all generations, I hope our generation Sun Yexian is also a handsome boy, capable of literature and martial arts. He has a preface to Nanyang.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the Xu family written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the couplet of the Nanyang ancestral hall of the Xu family.
The origin of the surname Xu
1. It comes from the surname Jiang, who takes the country as his surname and is a descendant of the Shennong family of Emperor Yan.
According to historical records, the Xu family and the Qi family have the same ancestor, after Boyi of the Four Mountains in ancient times. After the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed Shang, King Cheng of Zhou enfeoffed vassals on a large scale. Among them, the old land of Shang also enfeoffed some vassal states with the surname Ji and the surname Jiang. Xu State was one of the vassal states with the surname Jiang that was enfeoffed by Zhou. Its ancestor was Uncle Wen. , the heir of Taiyue, also known as Uncle Xu Wen. The land of Xu State is located in Xuchang City, Henan Province today. It was forced by Zheng, Chu and other countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 576 BC, Xu Linggong was forced to move south to Yedi and became a tributary of Chu State; in 534 BC, Xu Pengong was moved to Chengfu. In 538 BC, they moved to Jingshan; in 529 BC, they moved to Yedi; in 506 BC, they moved to Rongcheng. In the early Warring States period, they were finally destroyed by the Chu State and moved to Rongcheng. Later descendants moved to various places in the Central Plains and Jiangnan. They took the country as their surname and called it the Xu family. The surname Xu was called Zhengzong in history.
According to legend, Emperor Yan was the son of the ancient tribal leader Shaodian. Shaodian married Jiao and gave birth to Emperor Yan. Because Emperor Yan lived in the Jiangshui River Basin, he took Jiang as his surname. He himself was also the leader of the Jiang surnamed tribe, named Lieshan clan and Lishan clan. Later, Emperor Yan developed eastward and his power reached the Central Plains area, which conflicted with the Yellow Emperor's forces. They fought a war in Banquan (now southeast of Zhuolu, Hebei). As a result, Emperor Yan was defeated and withdrew from the Central Plains. There is also a theory that Emperor Yan is Shennong. Legend has it that he is the inventor of agriculture and medicine. In ancient times, people lived a life of gathering, fishing and hunting. Shennong made Wei and Shu out of wood and taught the people to engage in agricultural production. He also tasted hundreds of herbs, discovered medicinal materials, and taught people how to cure diseases.
According to records, Boyi, a descendant of Emperor Yan, was the four mountains in the Tang Yao period. His descendant, Uncle Wen, participated in King Wu of Zhou's war against merchants. When the Western Zhou Dynasty was established, he was granted the title of vassal. Uncle Wen was granted the title of Xu. (now east of Xuchang, Henan), known as Xuhou in the world, was one of the vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, states such as Zheng and Chu were powerful. Xu State was constantly attacked by these vassal states. Due to its weak strength, it was unable to resist, so it could only endure the humiliation and endure humiliation. For example, in 654 BC, when the Chu State attacked Xu, the Marquis of Xu was unable to resist, so he apologized profusely, and the Chu State retreated. When King Chu Cheng was on the throne, he attacked Xu State again, and Xu Hou had to apologize profusely again to make him retreat. In this case, all Xu Guo could do was to migrate to avoid its edge.
In 576 BC, during the reign of Duke Xu Linggong, he was forced to move to Ye (southwest of today's Ye County, Henan Province); in 533 BC, he moved his country to Chengfu (southeast of today's Bo County, Anhui Province); in 529 BC, he moved again. Huiye; in 524 BC, he moved to Rongcheng (now southeast of Lushan, Henan Province). Later, they migrated almost every three to five years, which shows the dangerous situation they faced at that time. After Xu State moved to Rongcheng, although it got a longer period of respite, the Zhou royal family was weak at that time and was unable to prevent the disputes between princes. A small country like Xu State still could not avoid the fate of being engulfed. Around the time when Xu Yuangong was in office during the Warring States Period, he was attacked and destroyed by the State of Chu. It is said that it was destroyed by the State of Wei. After the fall of the Xu State, the clan members of the Xu State fled in all directions. Although they were scattered in foreign lands, they did not forget their homeland, so they took the country as their surname. This is an origin of the surname Xu.
2. Originated from Xu You
Xu You first wrote Xu Yao. According to legend, he was a great scholar and sage during the Yao and Shun period. When Yao was old, he intended to give up the throne to him, but he refused. , fled to the foot of Jishan Mountain, farmed and ate. Later Yao asked him to be the governor of Jiuzhou. He went to the Yingshui River to wash his ears and expressed that he did not want to hear it. After his death, he was buried in Jishan, and later generations called him Xu Youshan.
According to legend, Xu You did this because he was influenced by the ancient hermit Chao Fu. Yao first wanted to ask Chao Fu to take over his throne, but Chao Fu refused. Yao wanted to give way to Xu You again, so Chao's father taught Xu You to live in seclusion. However, it is unknown which of the people with the surname Xu in later generations are descendants of Xu You, and their lineage is also unclear. The surname Xu is based on Runan (now the area around Lushan, Pingyu, and Ye County in Nanhe Province) and Gaoyang (the old city in the east of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). They are all descendants of the Xu State, so the origin of the surname Xu should be from The surname Jiang is the main one.
History of the Migration of the Xu Surname
Spring and Autumn Period
During the Spring and Autumn Period, states such as Zheng and Chu were powerful, and Xu was constantly attacked by these vassal states. Because we are weak and unable to resist, we can only endure the humiliation and accept humiliation. In 654 BC, the Chu State attacked Xu, but the Marquis of Xu was unable to resist, so he apologized profusely, and the Chu State retreated. When King Chu Cheng was on the throne, he attacked Xu State again, and Xu Hou had to apologize profusely again to make him retreat. In this case, all Xu Guo could do was to migrate to avoid its sharp edge. In 576 BC, during the reign of Duke Xu Linggong, he was forced to move to Ye (southwest of today's Ye County, Henan Province); in 533 BC, he moved his country to Chengfu (southeast of today's Bo County, Anhui Province); in 529 BC, he moved again. Huiye; in 524 BC, he moved to Rongcheng (now southeast of Lushan, Henan Province). In 523 BC, Duke Xu suffered from malaria, and the prince refused to offer medicine. After drinking the medicine, Duke Xu not only failed to cure the disease, but also died. The prince Zhi saw that he had caused great trouble, so he fled to the state of Jin. In addition, there are Xu Bo in the Chu State, Xu Xia in the Zheng State, Xu Yan in the Jin State, Xu Jun, Xu Li in the Zhao State, and Xu Wan in the Wei State. They all fled from the Xu State to various countries for various reasons. Because they were unable to return home, , and settled there. Later, they migrated almost every three to five years, which shows the dangerous situation they faced at that time. After Xu State moved to Rongcheng, although it got a longer period of respite, the Zhou royal family was weak at that time and was unable to prevent the disputes between princes. A small country like Xu State still could not avoid the fate of being engulfed.
Most of the people surnamed Xu distributed in various countries during this period were forced to move after the fall of Xu State, and they could usually still retain their aristocratic status. However, in the late Warring States period, due to the acceleration of social changes and fierce social differentiation, some people with the surname Xu had gradually lost their original aristocratic status, such as Xu Li from Zhao, so they had to use their talents to gain merit again. Gain a higher social status. In addition, in addition to the above countries, there are also people with the surname Xu in Qi, Han, Yan and other countries. They are engaged in a variety of occupations, and some of them are at the lower levels of society. Looking at the Xu surnames in various countries during this period, the number of people was not very large. There are two reasons for this situation: first, the Xu State was originally a small country with a limited population; second, after the demise of the Xu State, the Xu surname lost its original political foundation, and their activities were not recorded in historical books, so it is difficult to trace them today. Learn all about it.
Qin and Han Dynasties
In the Qin and Han Dynasties, in addition to the Gaoyang area, the surname Xu was also distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei, Zhejiang and other places. Among them, Shaanxi, Henan, and Hebei have the largest number of people and are the most concentrated. These areas are not evenly distributed, but concentrated in a certain area. For example, Shaanxi is mainly concentrated in Guanzhong, Henan is concentrated in Luoyang and southern Henan, and Hebei is mainly concentrated in the Jizhong Plain.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties
The Xu surname moved southwards beginning in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, the Xu surname moved southward in large numbers and multiplied in present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Fujian, and Guangdong. and other provinces, so many famous people after the Tang Dynasty also came from here.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
The Liao Kingdom is located in the north of my country, and the Xu surname is rarely distributed in its territory. After the Jin Dynasty eliminated the Northern Song Dynasty, it occupied a vast area north of the Huaihe River, which was mainly an area inhabited by the Han people. Therefore, the distribution of the Xu surname during the reign of the Jin Dynasty was much wider than that of the Liao Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty ruled a vast territory with a large population and complex ethnic groups, so there were a large number of people with the surname Xu distributed within the territory. In addition, the ethnic composition of the Xu surname also changed during this period, and many people with the Xu surname also appeared among ethnic minorities.
Ming and Qing Dynasties
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, population migration was relatively frequent, some of which were carried out by the government