Feng Zikai's master

Master Hongyi (1880- 1942), whose common name is Li Shutong, was born in Tianjin, Zhejiang. He is not only a talented art educator, but also a generation of eminent monks. This master of "Twenty Shocking Seas" who combines poetry, ci, calligraphy and painting, seal cutting, music, drama and literature has created splendid Chinese culture and art in many fields. He pushed the anti-China ancient calligraphy art to the extreme, "simple and perfect, muddy as nature", and modern cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo were proud of winning the master's paintings. He was the first pioneer to spread western music to China. His farewell songs have been sung for decades and become classics. At the same time, he was also the first teacher in China to create nude sketches. Outstanding artistic attainments have cultivated some cultural celebrities, such as the famous painter Feng Zikai and musician Liu Zhiping. He painstakingly worshiped Buddha, did not eat after noon, intensively studied jurisprudence, promoted Buddhism, and helped all beings get out of their misery. He was regarded as the 11th ancestor of Legalism by Buddhist disciples. He left the world with inexhaustible spiritual wealth, and his life was full of legends. He is a typical figure of China's magnificence and simplicity. Master Zeng Zeng of Taixu: Teach initiation, cultivate one's morality, be clean inside and outside, and be bodhi. Mr. Zhao Puchu commented that the master's life is "an endless treasure on earth, and a full moon shines on the heart of heaven." Li Shutong, which Feng Zikai called "the garden of literature and art", has almost been there. For various reasons, he embarked on the road of negative life in the secular vision. 19 18 shaved in Dinghui Temple, Hupao, Hangzhou, and fled into an empty door, becoming a monk named "Yin Yan" and "Hongyi". A once pure and excellent artist has undergone profound changes from concept to action after wearing hundreds of cloth coats. He got rid of dust and things, and almost abandoned all his artistic expertise. He heard about the morning bell and the evening drum, practiced Zen in his heart, and the artist Li Shutong became the master of Hongyi in the religious family. All the arts are sparse, except calligraphy, which failed to make Hongyi give up and accompany him until he died in Bu'er Temple, Quanzhou. In Hony's life course of more than 60 years. At least 50 years of calligraphy activities. Hongyi began to learn calligraphy when he was a teenager, and studied seal script for the first time. He learned calligraphy seal cutting from Tang Jingyan, a famous person in Jinmen, and laid a solid foundation. Then write official script, then enter the form of regular script and cursive script, especially carefully ponder and write the inscriptions of the Six Dynasties, forming a strong and heavy calligraphy style. Some people divide the evolution of Hongyi's calligraphy style into three stages: first, it is born out of the study of steles, with short body and much meat; After the meat gradually decreases, qi gradually gathers and blends into meaning; Later, the characters became slender, showing a thin, hard and clear state. In fact, Hongyi's calligraphy seems to be more suitable from a big aesthetic style, which is divided into two stages: before becoming a monk and after becoming a monk, that is, vigorous and plain. Before becoming a monk, Hongyi's calligraphy was gorgeous and he fled into an empty net to become a monk. His calligraphy style changed suddenly, abandoning the lofty corner of Guangxi, acting childish and clumsy, and turning into an elegant and quiet Zen realm, lonely and lonely. This great change comes from the change of ideas, that is, the change of people. Li Shutong is a layman, and Master Hongyi is a layman, so the purpose of writing has undergone a qualitative change. Hung-yi, who is out of the dust, no longer considers himself an artist. As a calligraphy art of "writing the heart", his idea is naturally different from the past. Grasping the management of writing is first of all a religious activity, which is the need of "forming a good relationship and popularizing Buddhism", while calligraphy, as an art, has taken a back seat. Calligraphy is no longer a conscious product of art, but a work of art in religion, and its artistic value can only be realized through the unconscious expression of the author and the aesthetic acceptance of future generations. Look at Hongyi's ink, it is as still as water, and it is the result of meditation. "Brilliant and quiet", the lines in silence lose their individuality, which is the trace of Zen, the eternal realm of religious "greater self" and the ultimate in creating "plain beauty". As a monk's calligraphy, Hongyi is different from some monks and artists in history, such as Zhi Yong and Huai Su. Although they wear cassock, it seems that their life is not aimed at firm religious belief and sincere and practical religious practice. They are just artists who have been sent to a Buddhist temple. They are "crazy to despise the world through drunkenness and gain true knowledge", which is completely the temperament and romance of artists. The irony of starling in Badashanren's works is obvious. His paintings are a kind of venting, and he has entered the WTO, but he is not detached. Compared with them, Hongyi completely escaped from Zen. He converted to his own heart, detached himself from the dust and devoted himself to the cultivation of Buddhism by Legalists. He is a pure religious scholar. Calligraphy is the trace of the soul. Hongyi's calligraphy changed from gorgeous in vulgarity to plain after vulgarity, which is the result of cultivating the mind and the sublimation of the master's spiritual realm. In a letter to Xu Huilu, Hongyi said: "Decadent people have been shaving their hair and dyeing their hair for more than 20 years, and they are at a loss about literature and art." The Classic of the World "also says:' Scholars should know before literature and art', which depends on monks who become monks; Rotten people used to tell people that' literature and art should be handed down by people, not by people', which is what it means. " Cultivation is more important than artistic cultivation, and artistic cultivation depends on cultivation. In his life, Hony unified life, art and meditation organically and naturally, and his calligraphy and his soul were sublimated at the same time. When talking about his calligraphy in his later years, Ye Shengtao said: "Some people say that the master's calligraphy in recent years is close to the Jin people. However, it is unclear which one to imitate. I don't know calligraphy, but I like his calligraphy very much. If I ask why I like his writing, I can only answer intuitively, because it is full of flavor. Looking at the overall situation, he is like a gentle and courteous gentleman, humble and amiable, talking calmly there. ..... I am not arrogant, and my kung fu is outside the pen and ink, so the more I look at it, the more interesting it is. " This passage tells the aesthetic realm achieved by Hongyi's calligraphy. This appreciation has gone beyond the points and lines of calligraphy, but has gone deep into the essence of calligraphy-the value of cultural concepts. 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