Wang Xizhi, a Chinese character, was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Because the official is a general of the right army, also known as Wang Youjun. He was an outstanding calligrapher in ancient China, and was called the "Book Sage". Generally speaking, his calligraphy is vigorous and beautiful, simple and exquisite, profound in truth, elegant and dignified, and a variety of seemingly contradictory artistic features meet and blend here, reaching a perfect state. The ancients commented on his calligraphy and said, "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, such as the sky in Yue Long and the tiger lying on the phoenix. Therefore, it has been treasured for generations and always thought it was training. " Because of the long history, it is hard to believe that Wang Xizhi's original works have been handed down. What people see today is copied and filled by later generations, or it is tà from stone carvings. The ink prints include Preface to Lanting, Orange, Mourning Post, etc. Engraved editions include Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing, Running Script Collection, Preface to the Holy Teaching, Diamond Sutra, Seventeen Chapters of Cursive Script, etc.
Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is the most splendid treasure of ancient calligraphy art in China, and it is called "the best running script in the world".
In the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang Xizhi and his friends were in Huiji Mountain (southwest of Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
A place called Lanting held a blessing activity for disaster relief (that is, "repair"). Everyone sat on both sides of the stream, drinking and writing poems. Wang Xizhi was ordered to preface everyone's Lanting poems. At that time, "the sky was high and the clouds were light, and the wind was sunny", surrounded by "green mountains, lush trees and cultivated bamboo seas", and Wang Xizhi was one of them. "Looking at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the categories" is not only "extremely entertaining, but also believes in cola", and he is happy and sad, and "losing face" has traces of adding, deleting and smearing, which shows that this post is an impromptu work. When he wakes up, "there will be hundreds of books in the future", he always feels that it is not as good as that one.
Legend has it that when Emperor Taizong was alive, he put the Preface to Lanting on the edge of his seat to watch it day and night, and took it to Zhaoling for burial after his death. Fortunately, in the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), he copied ten copies and gave them to his modern ministers. It is generally believed that among all the copies, Feng Chengsu's ink version is the closest to the truth, which better shows the face and spirit of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. What we are enjoying now is this copy.
All strokes have all kinds of strokes, and the beginning, end, transformation and frustration of all kinds of strokes are extremely mature, each with its own position and expression. Most strokes are mainly written in the center, which is firm and steady, especially the outstanding stroke in the word, such as the vertical stroke of "a group of talents" and the brush stroke of "less". A slight error will become a failure. However, it is occasionally used to slant the front and side, and the effect is good. For example, with the multi-stroke "belt" reflected left and right, you can see all kinds of sharp glumes, which are full of slender and delicate shapes and contain charming and beautiful winds. Without profound skill and elegant artistic taste, it is difficult to achieve this situation. In addition, we can also see the mental state of Wang Xizhi's writing at that time through the magical changes of strokes. Let's look at the word "Mao" in Maolin Xiuzhu. Dot painting is light and heavy, with continuous hairspring, flexible and coherent brushwork, as natural as flowing water, which can be called the dance of pen and ink.
There are many changes in structure. In Preface to Lanting, the strokes of characters are sparse or dense, the glyphs are big or small, and there are even many flat and thin characters. Wang Xizhi wrote according to the natural form of words, unlike other posts. Among them, the words "Zhi", "Yi", "Ye" and "Wei" are all repeated, but they all change their word forms intentionally or unintentionally, and there is no similarity. In particular, the word "Zhi" has more than 20 words, and each word has modality, that is, three of the first six lines are written in three styles and styles. The ancients have long commented: "Every 28 lines and 324 words are different in weight, and the word' zhi' is the most, reaching 20 crosses, and those who know nothing about it are almost helpful."
Go with the flow when writing a composition, without deliberately pursuing Ding Qiao. The lines are wide or narrow, some lines are added beside them, and there are many alterations, which show the beauty of nature in the meaning. Occasionally, there are words with heavy strokes, especially eye-catching, and words with large shapes. It seems that the whole has changed, and you can see the care in the meaning. When the ancients commented on its composition, they once said: "If it is a literary thousands of feet, it will be full of satisfaction." Colorful strokes and colorful knots create a flying appearance, just like creating a garden full of flowers and spring. This is the expression of Wang Xizhi's creativity.
"Mourning Notes" is a letter written by Wang Xizhi to a friend. What we are seeing now is the check mark of the Tang Dynasty.
Since it is a letter, it has the characteristics of a letter and a book. However, we can still see the profound attainments of brushwork. Among them, the first column of Fang Bi's horizontal painting is decisive and vigorous; There are round pens, such as the beginning and ending of the right half of the word "Fu" in the fifth column, which are moist and subtle; There are thick pens, such as the one on the left of the word "pro" in the seventh column, which is very heavy; There are thin pens, such as the words in the third column, which are light and delicate. In addition, the strokes are straight and curved, and the straight strokes are strong and straight, such as the word "you" and the word "tea" in the second line; Curved strokes are curved, soft and graceful, such as the last stroke in the third column of Jue and the last stroke in the sixth column of Ai. It is appropriate to look at any stroke carefully. No matter how changeable the stroke is, it has not failed. For example, the word "dang" in the fourth column has many twists and turns, and the brushwork is not chaotic. Of course, these strokes also overlap, and sometimes the same word has multiple strokes at the same time. Comparatively speaking, the brushwork of Mourning Post is different from that of Preface to Lanting: the brushwork of Preface to Lanting is more delicate and slender, and it still has the intention of writing a book; The writing style of funeral notes is more natural, which is determined by the stylistic characteristics of letters.
Structurally speaking, it is basically left-leaning, which is stronger than the word "Preface to Lanting". Lift the right end of horizontal painting and shift the lower end of vertical painting to the right; The upper right corner of the word protrudes upward and the lower left corner falls. "It seems unstable, but it is actually very stable, lively and not rigid." The word "Mercedes" in the sixth column is very dynamic, if it looks like Mercedes. The word "destruction" in the third column has a unique and interesting structure. The word "Xi" in the first column is left dense and right sparse, and the word "sense" in the seventh column is left dense and right dense. This density may have been unintentionally created, but it seems to have been carefully designed and arranged. Although some words are scrawled, they still have the harmonious beauty of their structure.
In terms of composition, because it is a letter, it is more straightforward, more dynamic and more coherent. On the whole, it is from static to dynamic, from slow to disease, from complete to "chaos" The writing speed has changed before and after, and the first column looks slower and slightly regular. From the third column to the seventh and eighth columns, the speed was accelerated, and the last two "nods" were combined into one word, which was already very anxious, showing the excitement and emotion of "I don't know what to say". This is a sign that Wang Xizhi gradually entered an emotional state when writing. When he wrote this post, his mood was different from that when he wrote Preface to Lanting. When he wrote Preface to Lanting, his mood was mainly relaxed and cheerful. When writing this post, his mood was "painful, painful and helpless" and "I felt choked on paper and didn't know what to say". This makes us realize that calligraphy is the expression of mind and character.
The post is as follows:
Xihe nodded first: it's a mess. Bury the tomb first and then encounter naphthalene poisoning. Chasing only cool, the curtain goes out. Hurt my heart, hurt my heart. What should I do if it hurts? Although it was repaired, it was not a Mercedes-Benz, and the poison was deeply covered. What can we do? I feel choked on paper and don't know what to say! Xi nodded first.