A man of insight is simply a person who values the country. Is a talented and far-sighted person. Why can they become "men of insight"? There are many reasons. One is the spirit endowed by the times, such as Qu Yuan, Wen Tianxiang and Shi Kefa. The background of their existence is that the country broke down and the family died, and the times created heroes, which made them brilliant. Second, the era when great men were in power, such as Wei Zhi, met a wise king like Emperor Taizong and had a place to display their talents. Once again, let these people with lofty ideals have great aspirations to serve the country, and the times have made them people of insight. The above is my personal understanding. 1. Zhu (1 130~ 1200) was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi), a poet and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. The master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the system of objective idealism. It is believed that reason is the essence of the world, "reason comes first, and qi comes later", and it is proposed that "justice should be preserved and human desires should be destroyed". He is knowledgeable and has studied Confucian classics, history, literature, music and even natural science. His lyrics are beautiful in language and handsome in style, and there is no disease of heavy color or allusion. It can be seen that the language of many works is well thought out and more particular. However, the artistic conception of his ci is a little more rational than emotional, which is because he pays attention to the philosophical thought of Neo-Confucianism. His representative works include Bodhisattva Man (I), Shuidiao Getou (I), Nanxiangzi and Qin Yi E (II). Among them, Bodhisattva Man (1) is the most distinctive. The word palindrome is used, every two sentences are reversed, and eight sentences are * * * four pairs. It is very natural and harmonious, not far-fetched, quite artistic and exquisitely conceived, which shows that Huian has the ability to control language. Besides words, he is also good at writing poems, among which Spring Day and Reading Thoughts are his most popular poems. His lyrics are Huian Ci. Su Shi was a writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty in China. Zi yue Zhan, no Dongpo lay man. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) in the Song Dynasty. His father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous writers in ancient times, and they are called "Su San" in the world. Jiayou Jinshi, Ren Fengxiang signed a sentence, advocating the elimination of drawbacks. Zongshen opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and destroyed locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements. Later, he demoted Huangzhou by "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin at that time and knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievements of Northern Song literature. Su Shi's poems mostly express the feelings of bumpy career, but also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, giving a reply, seeing off and reasoning, which also breaks through the strict rhythm and promotes the development of ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Wang Yang's argumentative essay in Su Shi's prose is arbitrary and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, The Collection of Shi Zhongshan and The Collection of He Fangting are all works with the same fame as The Fu on the Red Wall and The Fu on the Later Red Wall. Also known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". After joining the promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out. Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows the great influence. Su Shi painted bamboo with ink in his paintings, which is more concise than literature and has the tendency of dancing. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange rocks. Mi Fei also said: Make dead branches and entangle them for no reason; The stone is hard, and it is strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in its chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very whimsical. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the spirit likeness, advocating the feelings outside the painting, painting should be entrusted, opposing the similarity of forms and the limitation of procedures, advocating the unity, artistry and freshness of poetry and painting, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll discovered in recent years is also his work. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu". In Qing Dynasty, Wang Wenhao compiled and annotated Su Wenzhong's public poems completely. Second, (1) Qu Yuan, whose name is Ping, has the original word. " Erya Dish and Guangping Yuan Yue. (2) class solid, solid name, and word. Both "solid" and "firm" mean "unswerving" (3) Cai Yan, whose real name is Wen Xi. Yan: Meiyu. Ji: The ancient address for women. (4) Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Xiu, is Yong Shu. Hugh: Long. Yong: this means that the water flow is long, which means long. (5) Qiu Jin, Jin and Rui Qing. Jin and Rui are both beautiful jade. 2. Names and words have opposite or relative meanings. This situation is relatively rare. For example: (1) Ceng Dian, name point, word Xi. "Shuowen Jiezi": Point, Xiaohei also; Xi, people are white. (2) Han Yu, the word is retired. "Cure" and "retreat" have opposite meanings. (3) Yan Shu, with different names, is the same uncle. "Special" and "same" have opposite meanings. (4) Zhu, whose real name is bad in character. Light, bright; Dark, dim. (5) Gu, whose real name is better than others. Wu refers to the matter of war. Peace makes people live in peace. 3. Names are related to the meaning of words. Due to the change of meaning, it is not easy to see the connection between some names and words today. If there is only an accidental connection between names and words, it is even more difficult to see the relationship between them. Confucius, his name is Zhong Ni. According to historical records, Confucius was born in the wild relationship between Ge and Yan, and prayed for Confucius in the mud mound. (2) Mencius, real name Xuan, word. "Shuo Wen Che Bu"; The original meaning is axle car. Yu, an ancient carriage. (3) Su Shi, a famous poet, has a long word. Stone: the crossbar in front of the car is for people to lean on. "Zuo Zhuan" Xigong twenty-eight years: "Jun Feng (according to) history and watch it". (4) Su Zhe, whose real name is Zhe. Tracks, tracks run over by wheels. Pass, pass, pass. "The Analects of Confucius for politics": "Watch what it is, watch what it is". (5) Zhang Dai, whose real name is Dai, is called Zongzi. Dai, another name of Mount Tai, is also called Dai Zong and Dai Yue. References:
/question/4599 1 18 . html？ Fr = qrl3ii, 1 Jiang Shang: Jiang Ziya, which opened in the eighth century, is an eternal saint and worshipped by future generations. Guan Zhong: Qi is strong because of him, and Spring and Autumn are wonderful because of him. Le Yi: invincible, invincible, 100% military genius. Sean: Zhang Zifang, who lived in the Han Dynasty for 400 years, was covered in blood and had no secrets. 5 Zhuge Liang: Astronomy and geography are everywhere; Strategize, and win thousands of miles. Wei Zhi: Geng is the first person in the ages, assisting the first emperor in the ages. Zhao Pu: The Analects of Confucius governs the whole world, having both ability and political integrity, and has become a pillar. Wen Tianxiang: Since ancient times, no one has died, so we should take care of our own history. 9 Yuan Chonghuan: Loyalty and righteousness only want to turn the tide, and eternal grievances are unpaid. 10 left: I have been a military commander for half my life, but my life is hectic. Although ZTE is hopeless, the name of a famous minister will never spread to gold. Tao Yuanming is not a real hermit. Tao Yuanming is a real hermit. From his works such as Peach Blossom Garden and Returning to the Garden, we can see that he is not an official in officialdom, but wants to be a farmer. He thinks it is better to be a farmer than to "fight for rice" in officialdom. Unfortunately, Tao Yuanming is talented but a hermit, which shows his loyalty and purity.